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Estonia
Country in Northern Europe
Also known as Republic of Estonia · Estland · ee · Eesti Vabariik
- Capital
- Population
- 1,369,995(January 1, 2025)
1
Sources- 1.stat.ee/et/avasta-statistikat/valdkonnad/rahvastik/rahvaarvRetrieved 2025-04-23
- , 1,374,687(January 1, 2024)
1
Sources- 1.stat.ee/et/avasta-statistikat/valdkonnad/rahvastik/rahvaarvRetrieved 2024-05-14
- , 1,365,884(January 1, 2023)
1
Sources- 1.stat.ee/et/avasta-statistikat/valdkonnad/rahvastik/rahvaarvRetrieved 2023-05-16
- +13 more
- 1,369,995(January 1, 2025)
- Area
- 45,335 km²(2024)
- , 45,339 km²(2015)
- GDP (nominal)
- $38.1B(2022)
1
Sources- 1.data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CDRetrieved 2023-08-26
- , $37.2B(2021)
1
Sources- 1.data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CDRetrieved 2023-08-26
- $38.1B(2022)
- GDP per capita
- $23,757.62(2019)
- , $23,181.22(2018)
- Currency
- euro(since 2011)
- , Estonian kroon(1992–2011)
- , Estonian kroon(1928–1941)
- +1 more
- Official language
- Head of state
- Ülle Madise(since 2026)
- , Konstantin Päts(1938–1940)
1
Sources- 1.“Heads of State”president.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/heads-of-state
- , Lennart Meri(1992–2001)
1
Sources- 1.“Heads of State”president.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/heads-of-state
- +4 more
Overview
Economy & society
Over time
Dated values recorded in Wikidata, each with its own source
All data
738 statements · 33% with external sources · numbers in brackets are citations
- Coordinates of southernmost point
- 57.5093°N, 26.6166°E
- Emergency phone number
- 112
1
Sources- 1.“International Numbering Resources Database”itu.int/net/itu-t/inrdb/e129_important_numbers.aspxRetrieved 2016-07-03
- 112
- Electrical plug type
- Europlug
1
Sources- 1.“World Plugs”iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htmRetrieved 2016-06-10
- Schuko
1
Sources- 1.“World Plugs”iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htmRetrieved 2016-06-10
- Europlug
- Vehicle registration plate code
- EST(since 1994)
- EW(1993–1993)
- Trunk prefix
- none
- Has characteristic
- free country statement supported by: Freedom in the World
- Number of out-of-school children
- 5,533(2015)
- 5,817(2013)
- 5,897(2012)
- 5,693(2011)
- 6,583(2010)
- 8,659(2009)
- 8,097(2008)
- 6,738(2007)
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- 7,963(2006)
- 8,783(2005)
- 10,027(2004)
- 9,325(2003)
- 7,521(2002)
- 8,371(2001)
- 9,653(2000)
- 11,158(1999)
- Diplomatic relation
- Italy
- Belarusian People's Republic statement is subject of: Military-diplomatic mission of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in Latvia and Estonia
- Australia statement is subject of: Australia–Estonia relations
- Ukraine statement is subject of: Estonia–Ukraine relations
- Uzbekistan statement is subject of: Estonia–Uzbekistan relations
- Latvia statement is subject of: Estonia–Latvia relations
- Kosovo statement is subject of: Estonia–Kosovo relations
- Bulgaria statement is subject of: Bulgaria–Estonia relations
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- Chile statement is subject of: Chile–Estonia relations
- Denmark statement is subject of: Denmark–Estonia relations
- Finland statement is subject of: Estonia–Finland relations
- Sweden statement is subject of: Estonia–Sweden relations
- Sri Lanka statement is subject of: Estonia–Sri Lanka relations
- Taiwan statement is subject of: Estonia–Taiwan relations
- Mexico statement is subject of: Estonia–Mexico relations
- United States statement is subject of: Estonia–United States relations
- India statement is subject of: Estonia–India relations
- Greece statement is subject of: Estonia–Greece relations
- Germany statement is subject of: Estonia–Germany relations
- Azerbaijan statement is subject of: Azerbaijan–Estonia relations
- Georgia(since 1992) statement is subject of: Estonia–Georgia relations
- Hungary statement is subject of: Estonia–Hungary relations · diplomatic mission sent: Embassy of Estonia, Budapest
- People's Republic of China
- Poland statement is subject of: Estonia–Poland relations
- Native label
- Eesti Vabariik
- Website
- valitsus.ee language: Estonian, English
- Demonym
- estnisch
- Este applies to part: masculine singular · lexeme sense: L493299-S1
- Estin applies to part: feminine singular · lexeme sense: L493300-S1
- Est
- эстонец applies to part: masculine, singular
- эстонка applies to part: feminine, singular
- эстонцы applies to part: plural, masculine
- эстонки applies to part: plural, feminine
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- Estonian
- észt
- ester
- estlænder
- Estoniano
- Lestiyänan
- إستوني applies to part: masculine
- إستونية applies to part: feminine
- إستونيون applies to part: plural
- естонець applies to part: masculine
- естонка applies to part: feminine
- естонці applies to part: plural
- Εσθονός applies to part: masculine
- Εσθονή applies to part: feminine
- Εσθονοί applies to part: plural
- אסטוני applies to part: masculine
- אסטונית applies to part: feminine
- estonieni applies to part: plural
- estonian applies to part: masculine
- estoniană applies to part: feminine
- এস্তোনীয়
- estone applies to part: masculine singular, feminine singular
- estoni applies to part: masculine plural, feminine plural
- esti
- estonianu
- estoniana
- virolaiset
- igauņi
- eestlased
- estonià
- estoniana
- Estonien applies to part: masculine singular
- Estonienne applies to part: feminine singular
- èstoni applies to part: masculine plural
- èstone applies to part: feminine plural
- èstona applies to part: feminine singular
- èstono applies to part: masculine singular
- إسطوني applies to part: masculine singular
- إسطونية applies to part: feminine singular
- إسطونيين applies to part: masculine plural
- إسطونيات applies to part: feminine plural
- Estonec applies to part: masculine singular
- Estonka applies to part: feminine singular
- Eastónach
1
- Esten applies to part: masculine plural
- Estinnen applies to part: feminine plural
- Geoshape
- Data:Estonia.map
- Total fertility rate
- 1.52(2014)
- 1.58(2020)
- 1.66(2019)
- 1.67(2018)
1
- 1.52(2013)
- 1.56(2012)
- 1.61(2011)
- 1.72(2010)
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- 1.7(2009)
- 1.72(2008)
- 1.69(2007)
- 1.58(2006)
- 1.52(2005)
- 1.47(2004)
- 1.37(2003)
- 1.36(2002)
- 1.32(2001)
- 1.36(2000)
- 1.3(1999)
- Shares border with
- Latvia(since 1991) statement is subject of: Estonia–Latvia border
- Russia(since 1991) statement is subject of: Estonia–Russia border
- Soviet Union(1918–1940) applies to part: Interwar Estonia
- Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic(since 1920)
- Sweden
- Retirement age
- 63 years old
- Marriageable age
- 18 years old applies to part: all genders
- Age of majority
- 18 years old
- Coordinates of easternmost point
- 59.3705°N, 28.2089°E
- Member of
- European Union(since 2004)
- United Nations(since 1991)
- NATO(since 2004)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
- Council of Europe
- World Trade Organization(since 1999)
1
Sources- 1.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/estonia_e.htmRetrieved 2024-09-29
- Baltic Assembly
- Nordic Battle Group
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- Council of the Baltic Sea States
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(since 1991)
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(since 1992)
- International Development Association(since 2008)
- International Finance Corporation(since 1993)
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(since 1992)
- International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(since 1992)
- Australia Group(since 2004)
- Eurocontrol(since 2015)
- Treaty on Open Skies
- Interpol(since 1992)
2
Sources- 1.interpol.int/Member-countries/WorldRetrieved 2017-12-07
- 2.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Europe/ESTONIARetrieved 2022-10-23
- Nuclear Suppliers Group
1
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(since 1999)
2
Sources- 1.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/Retrieved 2017-12-07
- 2.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/estoniaRetrieved 2022-10-29
- Movement Coordination Centre Europe
1
Sources- 1.mcce-mil.com/wp-content/uploads/glance/MCCE-AT-A-Glance-September-2017.pdfRetrieved 2017-12-08
- Strategic Airlift Capability
1
Sources- 1.sacprogram.org/en/Pages/The%20Strategic%20Airlift%20Capability.aspxRetrieved 2017-12-08
- International Hydrographic Organization
1
Sources- 1.iho.int/srv1/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=452&lang=enRetrieved 2017-12-08
- International Energy Agency(since 2014)
2
Sources- 1.iea.org/countries/membercountries/Retrieved 2017-12-08
- 2.iea.org/countries/estoniaRetrieved 2022-10-23
- UNESCO(since 1991)
- Group on Earth Observations
- International Atomic Energy Agency(since 1992)
- Universal Postal Union(since 1992)
2
Sources- 1.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.htmlRetrieved 2019-05-04
- 2.upu.int/en/Universal-Postal-Union/About-UPU/Member-Countries?csid=-1&cid=111Retrieved 2022-10-23
- International Telecommunication Union(since 1922)
1
- Schengen Area(since 2007)
- Visa Waiver Program(since 2008)
1
- World Meteorological Organization(since 1992)
1
- World Health Organization
1
- League of Nations(since 1921)
- World Customs Organization(since 1992)
- International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance(since 2007)
1
- CERN Council
1
Sources- 1.“Council - Composition as from January 2025 | CERN Council”council.web.cern.ch/en/content/council-composition-january-2025Retrieved 2025-01-09
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- European Economic Area
- Official name
- Eesti Vabariik
- Unemployment rate
- 5.4%(2018)
- 8%(2014)
- Railway traffic side
- right
1
Sources- 1.forschungsinformationssystem.de/servlet/is/325069/Retrieved 2018-11-22
- right
- Mains voltage
- 230 V frequency: 50 Hz
1
Sources- 1.“World Plugs”iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htmRetrieved 2016-06-10
- 230 V frequency: 50 Hz
- Time zone
- UTC+02:00 valid in period: standard time
- UTC+03:00 valid in period: daylight saving time
- Eastern European Time valid in period: standard time
- Europe/Tallinn
- Eastern European Summer Time valid in period: daylight saving time
- Life expectancy
- 78 years(2022) reason for preferred rank: most recent value
- 77 years(2021)
- 79 years(2020)
- 79 years(2019)
- 77.7366 years(2016)
- 77.5902 years(2015)
- 77.0342 years(2014)
- 77.1415 years(2013)
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- 76.3268 years(2012)
- 76.2293 years(2011)
- 75.4293 years(2010)
- 74.8244 years(2009)
- 73.7707 years(2008)
- 72.8146 years(2007)
- 72.6915 years(2006)
- 72.5683 years(2005)
- 71.9098 years(2004)
- 71.3171 years(2003)
- 70.9049 years(2002)
- 70.2585 years(2001)
- 70.4171 years(2000)
- 70.0634 years(1999)
- Short name
- Эстония ipa transcription: ɛˈstonʲɪjə
- Eesti pronunciation audio: Et-Eesti-female.oga · ipa transcription: ˈeˑstʲi
- Viro
- Estland
- Estonia
- Estland
- Estland
- Estland
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- Igaunija
- Estija
- Estonia
- Эстонія
- Естонія
- Coordinates of northernmost point
- 59.8200°N, 26.3700°E
- Lowest point
- Baltic Sea elevation: 0 m
- Coordinates of westernmost point
- 58.3229°N, 21.7643°E
- Named after
- Virumaa language: Finnish
- Ugandi County language: Latvian
- Suicide rate
- 12(2019)
- 17.8(2016)
- 15.8(2015)
- 18.3(2010)
- 22.5(2005)
- 29.5(2000)
- Gregorian calendar start date
- March 1, 1918 replaces: Julian calendar
- VAT rate
- 20%
- 9% statement is subject of: reduced VAT rate
- Motto text
- Epic Estonia
- Stonia Epig
- BTI Status Index
- 9.47(2022)
- 9.54(2020)
- 9.52(2018)
- 9.49(2016)
- 9.28(2012)
- 9.34(2010)
- 9.42(2008)
- 9.29(2006)
- BTI Governance Index
- 7.02(2022)
- 7.46(2020)
- 7.44(2018)
- 7.4(2016)
- 7.26(2014)
- 7.41(2012)
- 7.33(2010)
- 7.37(2008)
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- 7.35(2006)
- Said to be the same as
- Interwar Estonia statement is subject of: state continuity of the Baltic states
- Different from
- Estonia criterion used: toponym is not unique
- Eesti criterion used: toponym is not unique
- Democracy Index
- 7.84(2020)
1
- 7.84(2020)
- Human Development Index
- 0.89(2021)
- 0.892(2020)
- 0.896(2019)
- 0.891(2018)
- 0.887(2017)
- 0.885(2016)
- 0.882(2015)
- 0.879(2014)
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- 0.88(2013)
- 0.874(2012)
- 0.871(2011)
- 0.861(2010)
- 0.856(2009)
- 0.856(2008)
- 0.853(2007)
- 0.847(2006)
- 0.839(2005)
- 0.826(2004)
- 0.816(2003)
- 0.807(2002)
- 0.797(2001)
- 0.787(2000)
- 0.773(1999)
- 0.764(1998)
- 0.757(1997)
- 0.742(1996)
- 0.725(1995)
- 0.712(1994)
- 0.71(1993)
- 0.719(1992)
- 0.729(1991)
- 0.732(1990)
- Hashtag
- Estonia
- Gini coefficient
- 30.8(2019)
- Happy Planet Index score
- 34.4(2019)
- Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
- 0.829(2021)
- 0.831(2020)
- 0.835(2019)
- 0.831(2018)
- 0.823(2017)
- 0.809(2016)
- 0.798(2015)
- 0.795(2014)
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- 0.804(2013)
- 0.797(2012)
- 0.798(2011)
- 0.786(2010)
- Birth rate
- 8.6(2022)
- 10(2021)
- 9.9(2020)
- 10.6(2019)
- Male population
- 640,385(2022)
- 631,228(2021)
- 629,878(2020)
- 627,427(2019)
- Death rate
- 12.8(2022)
- 14(2021)
- 11.9(2020)
- 11.6(2019)
- Rural population
- 409,926(2022)
- 407,066(2021)
- 409,107(2020)
- 410,662(2019)
- Female population
- 708,455(2022)
- 699,703(2021)
- 699,645(2020)
- 699,471(2019)
- Urban population
- 938,914(2022)
- 923,866(2021)
- 920,415(2020)
- 916,236(2019)
- Number of seats in assembly
- 7(since 2024) legislative body: European Parliament
- 7(2020–2023) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2004–2004) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2004–2006) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2007–2009) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2009–2011) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2011–2013) legislative body: European Parliament
- 6(2013–2014) legislative body: European Parliament
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- 6(2014–2020) legislative body: European Parliament
- Coordinates of geographic center
- 58.5953°N, 25.0136°E
- Name in native language
- Eesti Vabariik
- Awards
- Award of the Peace of Westphalia(2018)
1
Sources- 1.“Preisträger 2018”wirtschaftliche-gesellschaft.de/internationaler-preis-des-westfaelischen-friedens/preistraeger/2018Retrieved 2026-10-05
- Award of the Peace of Westphalia(2018)
Show 45 more properties
On other databases
250 identifiers linking Estonia across the web's reference databases
- Academy Awards Database nominee ID73
- AGROVOC IDc_10672
- AllTrails trail IDestonia
- Analysis & Policy Observatory term ID98096
- Anarâš aavis topic IDeestieennam
- Apple Maps "auid" identifier674328313286813929
- Arab Encyclopedia concept ID1155
- ArchINFORM location ID2982
- Armeniapedia ID4098
- Article ID in the Lithuanian Universal Encyclopedia Onlineestija
- Atlante Geopolitico IDestonia_res-4c20a748-fe81-11e1-b986-d5ce3506d72e
- Australian War Memorial IDPL524990
- BabelNet ID00031658n
- Bashenc.online ID74961
- BBC News topic IDcmj34zmwxv0t
- BBC Things ID0bdacce0-efca-46c8-a08b-06ee244f1c32
- BHCL UUIDb2949b11-d3c4-4e02-999c-f70738ff1fcc
- Bibliothèque nationale de France ID12002382x
- Biblissima authority IDQ26966
- BIBSYS ID90815443
- Bing entity IDf0376b26-dffc-a05d-34b7-ffeabc3bf31b
- Booru tagestonia
- British Museum place IDx28910
- British Museum thesaurus IDx118344
- Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online IDestland
- CAB ID55965
- Canadiana Name Authority IDncf10191173
- CCAB ID000196599
- CiNii Research ID1140000791714283904
- CIVICUS Monitor country entryestonia
- CNA topic IDestonia
- Colon ClassificationSG--5975
- Comic Vine ID4020-57941
- Curlie IDRegional/Europe/Estonia/
- Dagens Nyheter topic IDestland
- Data Commons IDcountry/EST
- DBNL country IDestla01
- De Agostini IDEstònia
- Deaf Movie Database country IDestonia
- DeCS ID5048
- Der Spiegel topic IDestland
- Dewey Decimal Classification2--4798
- DPLA subject termEstonia
- Edition humboldt digital IDH0018647
- Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID123259
- Encyclopædia Britannica Online IDplace/Estonia
- Encyclopædia Universalis IDestonie
- Encyclopedia of China (Second Edition) ID191095
- Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)4LeEVz
- Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) old ID (2021)562639
- Encyclopedia of Korean Culture IDE0036264
- Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ID18029
- Encyclopedia of Science Fiction IDestonia
- Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine IDEstoniya
- Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens IDcb49
- Eska.pl topic IDtg-7Lqm-943p-hPck
- EU Knowledge Graph item IDQ23
- Euronews topic IDestonia
- EuroVoc ID5619
- Facebook usernameeesti.ee
- FactGrid item IDQ220292
- Fandom article IDcountries:Estonia
- Fandom wiki IDestonia
- FAST ID1223630
- FIPS 10-4 (countries and regions)EN
- France 24 topic ID (English)estonia
- France 24 topic ID (French)estonie
- Freebase ID/m/02kmm
- GACS ID463
- GADM IDEST
- GCMD keyword IDf0b2da18-9290-4aaf-8e91-4b52e3d9dfc4
- GENC 3-character codeEST
- GeoNames ID453733
- GeoNLP ID (obsolete)wLLmXn
- Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ID7006540
- Giant Bomb ID (former scheme)3035-3046
- Giant Bomb Wiki IDLocations/Estonia
- GitHub topicestonia
- GND ID4015587-0
- GNS Unique Feature ID-3736218
- Golden ID (archived)Estonia-XDV45A
- Google Maps Customer ID4677726785527621059
- Google News topics IDCAAqIQgKIhtDQkFTRGdvSUwyMHZNREpyYlcwU0FtVnVLQUFQAQ
- Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana IDestonia
- Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme)0025355
- Great Norwegian Encyclopedia IDEstland
- Great Russian Encyclopedia Online ID (2017)4916043
- Grove Art Online IDT026817
- Gujarati Vishwakosh entryઈસ્ટોનિયા
- Gyldendals Teaterleksikon IDEstland