U.S. Senate party balance through each Congress since 1789
Every recorded change in the party balance of the U.S. Senate within each Congress — after deaths, resignations, appointments, party switches, contested elections and new states — as the Senate Historical Office lists it, session by session. One row is the Senate's party breakdown from one date.
Columns
Stable keys — use them in the API, SQL and code
| Key | Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| id | Row | string | Congress, session and line number. |
| congress | Congress | integer | — |
| session | Session | string | Session as the Senate names it, e.g. '1st session', 'Special session'. |
| session_number | Session no. | integer | 1, 2, 3 or 4 for regular sessions; blank for special sessions. |
| session_start | Session start | date | — |
| session_end | Session end | date | — |
| as_of | As of | date | Date from which this party breakdown applied. |
| change_in_session | Change no. | integer | 0 for the session's opening balance, then 1, 2, 3… for each later change in that session. |
| party1 | Party 1 | string | — |
| party1_seats | Party 1 seats | integer | — |
| party2 | Party 2 | string | — |
| party2_seats | Party 2 seats | integer | — |
| other_seats | Other seats | integer | Third-party and independent senators. |
| other_parties | Other parties | string | The Senate's breakdown of other seats by party. |
| vacant_seats | Vacant | integer | — |
| total_seats | Total seats | integer | — |
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