Programming languages

Notable programming languages with the year they appeared, their designers and developers, paradigms, typing discipline and official website. One row per language.

264 rows12 columns Updated 6 h ago CC0 1.0

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Language

Year

Developer

Paradigms

Typing discipline

Influenced by

Influenced

Plankalkül

1942

Konrad Zuse

procedural programming

assembly language

1949

non-structured programming

FLOW-MATIC

1955

Grace Hopper

imperative programming; procedural programming

Fortran

1957

John Backus

IBM; John Backus

generic programming; array programming; imperative programming; procedural programming; structured programming; object-oriented programming

static typing; manifest typing; strong typing

Lisp

1958

John McCarthy

John McCarthy; Steve Russell

multi-paradigm programming; procedural programming; metaprogramming; reflective programming; functional programming

strong typing; dynamic typing

COBOL

1959

Grace Hopper

International Organization for Standardization; American National Standards Institute

object-oriented programming; imperative programming; procedural programming

static typing; weak typing

ALGOL

1959

Heinz Rutishauser; Adriaan van Wijngaarden; Julien Green; Peter Naur; Hermann Bottenbruch; John Backus; Bernard Vauquois; John McCarthy; Joseph Henry Wegstein; Klaus Samelson; Friedrich L. Bauer; Charles Katz; Alan Perlis

imperative programming; structured programming; procedural programming

RPG

1959

IBM

procedural programming

strong typing; static typing

JOVIAL

1960

System Development Corporation

procedural programming; imperative programming; structured programming

safe typing; static typing; structural typing; strong typing

Simula

1962

Ole-Johan Dahl

Kristen Nygaard

structured programming; object-oriented programming; imperative programming; procedural programming

static typing; nominative typing

SNOBOL

1962

David J. Farber

Bell Labs

imperative programming

TECO

1962

Daniel Murphy

CPL

1963

Christopher Strachey

multi-paradigm programming; imperative programming; procedural programming; structured programming; functional programming

PL/I

1964

IBM

structured programming; concurrent computing; imperative programming; procedural programming

strong typing

BASIC

1964

John George Kemeny

John George Kemeny; Mary Kenneth Keller; Thomas E. Kurtz

procedural programming; imperative programming; object-oriented programming; non-structured programming

ALGOL W

1966

Niklaus Wirth; Tony Hoare

structured programming; procedural programming; imperative programming

strong typing; static typing

MUMPS

1966

Neil Pappalardo

imperative programming; procedural programming

typeless

APL

1966

Kenneth E. Iverson

Lawrence M. Breed; IBM; Kenneth E. Iverson

modular programming; functional programming; array programming; structured programming

dynamic typing

Logo

1967

Cynthia Solomon; Wally Feurzeig; Seymour Papert

Idit Harel Caperton; Cynthia Solomon; Seymour Papert

reflective programming; procedural programming; functional programming

dynamic typing

BCPL

1967

Martin Richards

procedural programming; structured programming; imperative programming

CICS

1968

IBM

1969

Ken Thompson

Bell Labs; Ken Thompson

procedural programming

Forth

1970

Charles H. Moore

stack-oriented programming; reflective programming; procedural programming; concatenative programming

typeless

BLISS

1970

William Wulf

Carnegie Mellon University

structured programming; imperative programming; procedural programming

Pascal

1970

Niklaus Wirth

imperative programming; structured programming

strong typing; static typing; safe typing

Prolog

1972

Robert Kowalski; Philippe Roussel; Alain Colmerauer

logic programming; declarative programming

Smalltalk

1972

Alan Kay; Adele Goldberg; Palo Alto Research Center

Alan Kay; Adele Goldberg; Diana Merry; Dan Ingalls

class-based programming; object-oriented programming

strong typing; dynamic typing

1972

Dennis M. Ritchie

Bell Labs; International Organization for Standardization; American National Standards Institute; Dennis M. Ritchie; Ken Thompson

procedural programming; structured programming; imperative programming; multi-paradigm programming

weak typing; manifest typing; static typing; nominative typing

INTERCAL

1972

esoteric programming

1973

Robin Milner

imperative programming; procedural programming; functional programming

static typing; inference typing; strong typing

Mizar

1973

Andrzej Trybulec

declarative programming

weak typing

PL/M

1973

Gary Kildall

procedural programming; structured programming

SQL

1974

Donald D. Chamberlin; Raymond F. Boyce

Raymond F. Boyce; International Organization for Standardization; Donald D. Chamberlin

declarative programming

static typing; strong typing

Sed

1974

Lee E. McMahon

data-driven programming

Scheme

1975

Guy L. Steele Jr.; Gerald Jay Sussman

functional programming; metaprogramming; procedural programming; imperative programming

latent typing; strong typing; dynamic typing

Altair BASIC

1975

Paul Allen; Bill Gates

1975

COMAL

1975

procedural programming; structured programming

strong typing

ABC

1975

Lambert Meertens; Steven Pemberton

Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica

procedural programming; imperative programming; structured programming

strong typing; polymorphism

Microsoft BASIC

1975

Microsoft

CLU

1975

Barbara Liskov

Barbara Liskov; Massachusetts Institute of Technology

procedural programming; object-oriented programming

strong typing

Modula

1975

Niklaus Wirth

procedural programming; modular programming; imperative programming

static typing; strong typing; safe typing

make

1976

Stuart Feldman

macro

Mesa

1976

Palo Alto Research Center

procedural programming

strong typing; static typing

1976

Richard Becker; John Chambers

array programming; object-oriented programming; imperative programming

dynamic typing; strong typing

1977

Brian Kernighan

Commodore BASIC

1977

Icon

1977

Ralph Griswold

structured programming; multi-paradigm programming; procedural programming; expression-oriented programming

dynamic typing

Integer BASIC

1977

Steve Wozniak

Applesoft BASIC

1977

Microsoft

Columns

Stable keys — use them in the API, SQL and code

Key	Name	Type	Description
name	Language	string	—
entity	Wikidata	entity	—
year	Year	year	Year the language first appeared.
designers	Designed by	string	—
developers	Developer	string	—
paradigms	Paradigms	string	—
typing	Typing discipline	string	—
influenced_by_count	Influenced by	integer	Number of languages this one lists as influences.
influenced_count	Influenced	integer	Number of languages in Wikidata that list this one as an influence.
website	Website	url	—
wikipedia_languages	Wikipedia editions	integer	Number of Wikipedia language editions with an article — a rough measure of notability.
logo	Logo	image	—

About this data

Sources: Wikidata Wikidata Query Service (query used)
License: CC0 1.0
Required attribution: Data from Wikidata (CC0), compiled by its volunteer editors from cited sources.
Updated: Oct 9, 2026 03:31 UTC
Refresh: weekly
Rows: 264
Size (JSON): 58 KB
Notes: Includes Wikidata items that are instances of programming language (Q9143) or any subclass (e.g. scripting, functional, query languages) that have an inception date and articles in at least 10 Wikipedia language editions — a proxy for notability. 'Year' is the inception year Wikidata records, usually the first public appearance or first release. Paradigms (P3966) and typing disciplines (P7078) are as classified in Wikidata. 'Influenced by' counts the languages listed under P737; 'Influenced' counts the languages in Wikidata that list this one as an influence.

Use this data

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("https://aidb.si/d/programming-languages.csv")
print(df.head())

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