Climate oscillation indices (ENSO, PDO, NAO, AO, PNA, AMO) by month
Monthly values of the main natural climate cycles from NOAA: the Oceanic Niño Index and Southern Oscillation Index (El Niño / La Niña), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, the Pacific–North American pattern and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. One row per month since 1854.
Columns
Stable keys — use them in the API, SQL and code
| Key | Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| month | Month | date | Calendar month (YYYY-MM). |
| oni | ONI (El Niño index) | number · °C | Oceanic Niño Index: 3-month mean Niño 3.4 sea-surface temperature anomaly centred on this month. ≥ +0.5 El Niño, ≤ −0.5 La Niña. |
| soi | SOI | number | Southern Oscillation Index (standardized Tahiti − Darwin pressure). Strongly negative during El Niño. |
| pdo | PDO | number | Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (ERSST v5). |
| nao | NAO | number | North Atlantic Oscillation index (standardized). |
| ao | AO | number | Arctic Oscillation index (standardized). |
| pna | PNA | number | Pacific–North American pattern index (standardized). |
| amo | AMO | number · °C | Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: North Atlantic SST anomaly (unsmoothed, Kaplan SST v2). |
More in Earth & Climate
U.S. National Park Service visits by park and year
Recreation and non-recreation visits to every reporting unit of the U.S. National Park System — national parks, monuments, historic sites, seashores, recreation areas and more — for each calendar year since 1979. One row per park unit per year.
Tornadoes, hail and damaging winds by U.S. state and year
Number of tornadoes, hail reports and damaging thunderstorm-wind reports in each U.S. state every year (tornadoes since 1950, hail and wind since 1955), with tornado deaths and injuries, from NOAA's Storm Prediction Center severe-weather database. One row per state per year.
Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5+ in the past 30 days
Every earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or greater recorded worldwide by the U.S. Geological Survey in the last 30 days. One row per earthquake, with time, location, depth, magnitude and USGS alert information.
Atlantic hurricanes and tropical storms since 1851
Every tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean in NOAA's HURDAT2 best-track database, from 1851 to the last completed season. One row per storm, with peak wind, lowest pressure, Saffir–Simpson category, landfalls and accumulated cyclone energy.
Atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa (Keeling Curve)
Monthly mean carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, since March 1958, in parts per million. One row per month.
Global surface temperature anomaly (NASA GISTEMP)
Global mean land-ocean surface temperature since 1880 from NASA's GISTEMP v4 analysis, expressed as the difference from the 1951–1980 average. One row per year, with the annual (January–December) mean plus each month and season.