Atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa (Keeling Curve)
Monthly mean carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, since March 1958, in parts per million. One row per month.
Columns
Stable keys — use them in the API, SQL and code
| Key | Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| month | Month | date | Calendar month of the measurement (YYYY-MM). |
| year | Year | year | — |
| decimal_date | Decimal date | number | Middle of the month as a fractional year, as given by NOAA. |
| co2_ppm | CO₂ | number · ppm | Monthly mean CO₂ concentration in dry air, parts per million. |
| co2_deseasonalized_ppm | CO₂ (seasonally adjusted) | number · ppm | Monthly mean with the average seasonal cycle removed, which shows the long-term trend. |
| days | Days measured | integer | Number of days with valid daily means in the month (NOAA period only). |
| std_dev_ppm | Std. dev. of daily means | number · ppm | Standard deviation of the daily means within the month (NOAA period only). |
| uncertainty_ppm | Uncertainty | number · ppm | Uncertainty of the monthly mean (NOAA period only). |
| interpolated | Interpolated | boolean | True when NOAA filled the month by interpolation because there were no measurements. Empty for the Scripps period, where this is not recorded. |
| measured_by | Measured by | string | Scripps Institution of Oceanography (to April 1974) or NOAA (from May 1974). |
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