Scholars & thinkers

Philosophers, historians, economists, linguists and professors. 33,862 people.

1Jesus Christcentral figure of Christianity (c. 6 or 4 BC – AD 30 or 33)5 BCE–332Barack Obama44th President of the United States (2009–2017)🇺🇸 USAborn 19613Albert EinsteinGerman-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)🇩🇪 DEU1879–19554Aristotle4th-century BCE Classical Greek philosopher and polymath383 BCE–321 BCE5Confucius5th-century BCE Chinese philosopher and politician550 BCE–478 BCE6Karl MarxGerman-born philosopher (1818–1883)1818–18837Isaac NewtonEnglish mathematician and physicist (1642–1727)1643–17278Plato4th-century BCE Greek philosopher428 BCE–348 BCE9Leo TolstoyRussian author (1828–1910)1828–191010Julius CaesarRoman general and dictator99 BCE–43 BCE11Charles DarwinEnglish naturalist and biologist (1809–1882)1809–188212Joseph Stalinpolitician and leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1924 to 1953 SUN1878–195313Joe Biden46th President of the United States (2021–2025)🇺🇸 USAborn 194214Socrates5th-century BCE Greek philosopher469 BCE–398 BCE15The BuddhaIndian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE)500 BCE–500 BCE16Dante AlighieriFlorentine poet, writer, and philosopher (c. 1265–1321)1265–132117Galileo GalileiItalian polymath (1564–1642)1564–164218Victor HugoFrench novelist, poet, dramatist and politician (1802–1885)🇫🇷 FRA1802–188519Winston ChurchillBritish statesman, soldier and writer (1874–1965)🇬🇧 GBR1874–196520Martin LutherGerman priest and theologian (1483–1546)1483–154621Johann Sebastian BachGerman composer (1685–1750)1685–175022Fyodor DostoyevskyRussian novelist (1821–1881)1821–188123VoltaireFrench writer, historian and philosopher (1694–1778)1694–177824Friedrich NietzscheGerman philosopher (1844-1900)1844–190025Immanuel KantGerman philosopher (1724-1804)1724–180426René DescartesFrench philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)🇫🇷 FRA1596–165027Mark TwainAmerican author and humorist (1835–1910)🇺🇸 USA1835–191028Marie CuriePolish-born French physicist and chemist (1867–1934)🇫🇷 FRA1867–193429ArchimedesGreek mathematician and physicist (c. 287 – c. 212 BC)286 BCE–211 BCE30Alexander PushkinRussian poet, playwright, and novelist (1799–1837)1799–183731Pope Francis266th pope of the Catholic Church from 2013 to 2025 (1936–2025)🇦🇷 ARG1936–202532Jean-Jacques RousseauGenevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)1712–177833Mao Zedong1st chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and founder of the People's Republic of China (1893–1976)🇨🇳 CHN1893–197634Niccolò MachiavelliFlorentine statesman, diplomat, and political theorist (1469–1527)1469–152735Augustine of HippoChristian theologian, philosopher, and saint (354–430)354–43036Thomas JeffersonFounding Father, U.S. president from 1801 to 1809 (1743–1826)🇺🇸 USA1743–182637Adam SmithScottish moral philosopher and political economist (1723–1790)1723–179038Bill Clinton42nd President of the United States (1993–2001)🇺🇸 USAborn 194639Neil ArmstrongAmerican astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2012)🇺🇸 USA1930–201240Carl LinnaeusSwedish botanist, physician, and zoologist (1707–1778); developed the foundations of modern taxonomy🇸🇪 SWE1707–177841Nicolaus CopernicusPolish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543)1473–154342Sophoclesancient Greek playwright495 BCE–405 BCE43Laozi6th-century BC semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism579 BCE–500 BCE44Louis PasteurFrench chemist and microbiologist (1822-1895)🇫🇷 FRA1822–189545John LockeEnglish philosopher and physician (1632-1704)1632–170446John Paul II264th pope of the Catholic Church (1978–2005)🇵🇱 POL1920–200547PythagorasGreek philosopher and mathematician (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)582 BCE–490 BCE48Thomas AquinasItalian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church (1225–1274)1225–127449James JoyceIrish novelist and poet (1882–1941)🇫🇷 FRA1882–194150Gottfried Wilhelm LeibnizGerman mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716)1646–171651Albert CamusFrench philosopher, author, and journalist (1913–1960)🇫🇷 FRA1913–196052J. R. R. TolkienEnglish writer and philologist (1892–1973)🇬🇧 GBR1892–197353CiceroRoman statesman, lawyer, orator, and philosopher (106–43 BC)106 BCE–42 BCE54Mikhail Gorbachevleader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 (1931–2022) SUN1931–202255Benito Mussolinidictator of Italy from 1922 to 19451883–194556Jean-Paul SartreFrench existentialist philosopher (1905–1980)🇫🇷 FRA1905–198057Benedict XVI265 th pope of the Catholic Church (2005–2013)🇩🇪 DEU1927–202258Emmanuel MacronPresident of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017🇫🇷 FRAborn 197759Carl Friedrich GaussGerman mathematician and physicist (1777–1855)1777–185560Frédéric ChopinPolish composer and pianist (1810–1849)🇫🇷 FRA1810–1849