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silicon
Image: Wikimedia Commons

silicon

Chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14

Chemical elementchemical elementlithophile elementQ670

Also known as element 14 · 14Si

Symbol
Atomic number
  • 14
Mass
Melting point
  • 2,570°F
Boiling point
  • 4,271°F
Density
  • 2.329 g/cm³
Discovered by
Discovered
  • 1823

Overview

All data

228 statements · 19% with external sources · numbers in brackets are citations

IPA transcription
Oxidation state
  • 4
  • -4
  • -3
  • -2
  • -1
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
Show 1 more
  • 0
Named after
Subclass of
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID
  • 0554
Minimum explosive concentration
  • 160 gram per cubic metre
Time-weighted average exposure limit
  • 5 milligram per cubic metre applies to jurisdiction: United States · runtime: 10 h · route of administration: inhalation administration
  • 10 milligram per cubic metre applies to jurisdiction: none · runtime: 10 h
  • 15 milligram per cubic metre applies to jurisdiction: United States · runtime: 8 h
Formula
Canonical SMILES
Subject has role
Standard molar entropy
Unicode character
Electronegativity
  • 1.9
Different from
Part of
Electron configuration
  • 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²
  • [Ne] 3s² 3p²
Ionic radius
  • 0.26 ångström charge number: 4 · coordination number: 4
  • 0.4 ångström charge number: 4 · coordination number: 6
Found in taxon
Associated hazard
Space group
Crystal system
Bulk modulus
  • 88.9B Pa
Shear modulus
  • 62.4B Pa
Poisson's ratio
  • 0.215
Thermal conductivity
  • 150 watt per metre kelvin
Specific heat capacity
  • 703 joule per kilogram kelvin
Speed of sound
  • 8,433 m/s
Point group
Standard enthalpy of formation
  • 450 kilojoule per mole state of matter: gas
  • 48.47 kilojoule per mole state of matter: liquid
Mohs' hardness
  • 6.5
Has characteristic
Linear thermal expansion coefficient
  • 2.556 micrometre per metre kelvin temperature: 20°C
Electrical conductivity
  • 0.0005 siemens per metre temperature: 300 K
Ionization energy
Atomic radius
  • 110 picometre
Covalent radius
  • 111 picometre
Van der Waals radius
  • 210 picometre

On other databases

91 identifiers linking silicon across the web's reference databases