Image: Wikimedia Commons

graphite

Allotrope of carbon, mineral, substance

Also known as graphite-2H · graphite-3R · black lead · mineral carbon · plumbago · silver graphite

Instance of: mineral species
1
Sources
1.Stated in The IMA List of Minerals (March 2019)
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Subclass of: carbon-silicon family
, allotrope of carbon
, flammable solid
+2 more

Overview

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · Read full article · Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Graphite is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.

Overview

All data

115 statements · 24% with external sources · numbers in brackets are citations

Crystal system: hexagonal crystal system
Nickel-Strunz 9th edition (updated 2009): 1.CB.05a
1
Sources
1.Stated in mineralienatlas.de
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Formula: C
Nickel-Strunz '10th ed', review of (9th ed/ 2009 update): 1.CB.05a
1
Sources
1.Stated in MinDat
View statement on Wikidata ↗
IMA status and/or rank: grandfathered mineral (G)
1
Sources
1.Stated in IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names (March 2007)
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Space group: space group P6₃/mmc
1
Sources
1.Stated in mineralienatlas.de
View statement on Wikidata ↗
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0306
Has effect: graphite exposure
Immediately dangerous to life or health: 1,250 milligram per cubic metre
Mass: 12 Da
1
Sources
1.Stated in NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Sublimation temperature: 6,602°F
Vapor pressure: 0 millimetre of mercury temperature: 68°F
Time-weighted average exposure limit: 2.5 milligram per cubic metre applies to jurisdiction: none · runtime: 10 h
Streak color: black
Members / parts: carbon
Mohs' hardness: 1.5
Density: 2.16 g/cm³
Standard molar entropy: 55.74 joule per mole kelvin state of matter: solid
1
Sources
1.chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/16%3A_Entropy_and_Spontaneous_Reactions/16.06%3A_Standard_Molar_EntropiesRetrieved 2019-01-25
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Combustion enthalpy: 393.5 kilojoule per mole
1
Sources
1.sites.google.com/site/ellesmerealevelchemistry/module-3-periodic-table-energy/3-2-physical-chemistry-1/3-2-1-enthalpy-changes/3-2-1-d-enthalpy-change-definitionsRetrieved 2019-01-28
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Named after: writing language: Ancient Greek · object named as: γράφειν "graphein"
IMA Mineral Symbol: Gr
1
Sources
1.Stated in IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Strunz 8th edition (series ID, updated): I/B.02a
1
Sources
1.Stated in Mineralogische Tabellen : Eine Klassifizierung der Mineralien auf kristallchemischer Grundlage, mit einer Einfuhrung in die Kristallchemie (1982)
View statement on Wikidata ↗
Associated hazard: graphite exposure
2022 Harmonized System Code: 250410
1
Sources
1.Stated in Harmonized SystemRetrieved 2026-01-07
View statement on Wikidata ↗

On other databases

82 identifiers linking graphite across the web's reference databases

Data quality

115

statements

24%

externally sourced

Source last edited September 26, 2026. AIDB refreshes this page daily.

Suggest a fact or correction

Links

Use this data

curl https://aidb.si/api/v1/entities/Q5309

API docs, limits & keys

Cite this page

AIDB. (2026). graphite (Q5309). Retrieved from https://aidb.si/e/graphite-Q5309