In mathematics, an elementary function is a function of a single variable that is typically encountered by beginners. The basic elementary functions are polynomial functions, rational functions, the trigonometric functions, the exponential and logarithm functions, the n-th root, and the inverse trigonometric functions, as well as those functions obtained by addition, multiplication, division, and composition of these. Some functions which are encountered by beginners are not elementary, such as piecewise-defined functions. More generally, in some modern treatments, elementary functions comprise the set of functions previously enumerated, all algebraic functions, and all functions obtained by roots of a polynomial whose coefficients are elementary.