# euro (Q4916) | Property ID | Property | Value | Value entity | Amount | Unit | Date / from | Until | Rank | Sources | | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | P166 | Awards | Charlemagne Prize | Q152337 | | | 2002-05-09 | | normal | http://www.karlspreis.de/de/preistraeger/der-euro-2002/vita | | P138 | Named after | Europe | Q46 | | | | | normal | | | P31 | Instance of | currency | Q8142 | | | | | normal | | | P31 | Instance of | decimal currency | Q25401445 | | | | | normal | | | P489 | Currency sign | € | Q18100 | | | | | normal | | | P562 | Central bank/issuer | European Central Bank | Q8901 | | | | | normal | | | P2959 | Permanent duplicated item | Q25681519 | Q25681519 | | | | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Bulgarian lev | Q172540 | | | 2026-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Croatian kuna | Q26360 | | | 2023-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Lithuanian litas | Q25627 | | | 2015-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Latvian lats | Q133011 | | | 2014-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Estonian kroon | Q129983 | | | 2011-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Slovak koruna | Q178874 | | | 2009-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Belgian franc | Q232415 | | | 2008-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Cypriot pound | Q193716 | | | 2008-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Maltese lira | Q174467 | | | 2008-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Slovenian tolar | Q208133 | | | 2007-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Austrian schilling | Q208730 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Dutch guilder | Q788472 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Finnish markka | Q203354 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | French franc | Q184172 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Deutsche Mark | Q16068 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | modern Greek drachma | Q1546443 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Irish pound | Q270642 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Italian lira | Q204992 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Luxembourg franc | Q213940 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Portuguese escudo | Q468474 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | peseta | Q189097 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Monegasque franc | Q1047040 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Sammarinese lira | Q1063029 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | Vatican lira | Q183354 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P1365 | Replaces | European Currency Unit | Q221828 | | | 1999-01-01 | | normal | | | P2284 | Price | 1.9558 convertible mark | | 1.95583 | convertible mark | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 655.957 Central African CFA franc | | 655.957 | Central African CFA franc | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 655.957 West African CFA franc | | 655.957 | West African CFA franc | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 491.9678 Comorian franc | | 491.96775 | Comorian franc | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 7.46 DKK | | 7.46038 | DKK | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 24.5 São Tomé and Príncipe dobra | | 24.5 | São Tomé and Príncipe dobra | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | 1.9558 Bulgarian lev | | 1.95583 | Bulgarian lev | | | preferred | | | P2284 | Price | $1.16 | | 1.1634 | USD | 2026-01-09 | | normal | https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/20260112/ | | P2284 | Price | $1.09 | | 1.0857 | USD | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | ¥160.35 | | 160.35 | JPY | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | £0.84 | | 0.84088 | GBP | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 10.97 SEK | | 10.9715 | SEK | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 0.96 CHF | | 0.9557 | CHF | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 147.3 Icelandic króna | | 147.3 | Icelandic króna | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 11.76 NOK | | 11.759 | NOK | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 25.016 Czech koruna | | 25.016 | Czech koruna | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 399.28 forint | | 399.28 | forint | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 4.18 PLN | | 4.1788 | PLN | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 4.9757 Romanian leu | | 4.9757 | Romanian leu | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 39.58 TRY | | 39.5792 | TRY | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 1.73 AUD | | 1.7258 | AUD | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 1.56 CAD | | 1.5566 | CAD | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 8.44 HKD | | 8.4357 | HKD | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 1.9012 New Zealand dollar | | 1.9012 | New Zealand dollar | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 1.4448 Singapore dollar | | 1.4448 | Singapore dollar | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 1,570.47 KRW | | 1570.47 | KRW | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 19.7306 rand | | 19.7306 | rand | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | ¥7.86 | | 7.8561 | CNY | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 17,664.39 rupiah | | 17664.39 | rupiah | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 4.7934 Malaysian ringgit | | 4.7934 | Malaysian ringgit | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 62.129 Philippine peso | | 62.129 | Philippine peso | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 36.518 baht | | 36.518 | baht | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 6.26 BRL | | 6.2617 | BRL | 2025-03-07 | | normal | | | P2284 | Price | 22.05 MXN | | 22.049 | MXN | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 94.44 INR | | 94.4435 | INR | 2025-03-07 | | normal | http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1160/oj | | P2284 | Price | 96.6 RUB | | 96.5975 | RUB | 2025-03-07 | | normal | https://www.cbr.ru/eng/currency_base/daily/?UniDbQuery.Posted=True&UniDbQuery.To=07.03.2025 | | P2284 | Price | $1.02 | | 1.017 | USD | 2022-08-05 | | normal | https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/current/ | | P2284 | Price | $1.19 | | 1.1901 | USD | 2020-11-23 | | normal | https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html | | P2284 | Price | £0.87 | | 0.87165 | GBP | 2020-03-06 | | normal | https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html | | P2284 | Price | $1.13 | | 1.12565 | USD | 2016-02-13 | | normal | | | P2284 | Price | $1.09 | | 1.0859 | USD | 2015-12-31 | | normal | https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/20160104/ | | P2284 | Price | $1.21 | | 1.2101 | USD | 2014-12-31 | | normal | https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/20150105/ | | P2284 | Price | $1.38 | | 1.3779 | USD | 2013-12-31 | | normal | https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/20140106/ | | P2284 | Price | 1 European Currency Unit | | 1 | European Currency Unit | | | normal | | | P2284 | Price | €1 | | 1 | EUR | | | normal | | | P1001 | Applies to jurisdiction | eurozone | Q8268 | | | | | normal | | | P5061 | Unit symbol | € | | | | | | normal | | | P580 | Started | January 1, 2002 | | | | | | preferred | | | P580 | Started | January 1, 1999 | | | | | | normal | | | P9059 | Subdivision of this unit | eurocent | Q2377701 | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | Euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | ευρώ | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | евро | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | eiro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euras | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | ewro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euró | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1813 | Short name | euro | | | | | | normal | | | P1889 | Different from | Euro | Q231952 | | | | | normal | | | P1889 | Different from | digital euro | Q107474036 | | | | | normal | | | P1299 | Depicted by | € | Q18100 | | | | | normal | | | P487 | Unicode character | € | | | | | | preferred | | | P487 | Unicode character | 💶 | | | | | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Austria | Q40 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Belgium | Q31 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Netherlands | Q55 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Finland | Q33 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | France | Q142 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Germany | Q183 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Greece | Q41 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Ireland | Q27 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Italy | Q38 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Luxembourg | Q32 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Portugal | Q45 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Spain | Q29 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Monaco | Q235 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | San Marino | Q238 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Vatican City | Q237 | | | 2002-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Slovenia | Q215 | | | 2007-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Cyprus | Q229 | | | 2008-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Malta | Q233 | | | 2008-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Slovakia | Q214 | | | 2009-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Estonia | Q191 | | | 2011-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Andorra | Q228 | | | 2012-04-01 | | normal | http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2011:369:0001:0013:EN:PDF | | P17 | Country | Latvia | Q211 | | | 2014-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Lithuania | Q37 | | | 2015-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Croatia | Q224 | | | 2023-01-01 | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Kosovo | Q1246 | | | | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Montenegro | Q236 | | | | | normal | | | P17 | Country | Bulgaria | Q219 | | | 2026-01-01 | | normal | | | P571 | Founded | 1999 | | | | | | normal | | | P9084 | ABC News topic ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.abc.net.au/news/topic/euro | | P7666 | Article ID in the Lithuanian Universal Encyclopedia Online | euras | | | | | | normal | https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/euras/ | | P7033 | Australian Educational Vocabulary ID | scot/15123 | | | | | | normal | https://vocabulary.curriculum.edu.au/scot/15123.html | | P9318 | Ávvir topic ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.avvir.no/tag/euro/ | | P1617 | BBC Things ID | 2a858e56-0816-4bf6-a217-262d17669334 | | | | | | normal | https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/2a858e56-0816-4bf6-a217-262d17669334 | | P268 | Bibliothèque nationale de France ID | 13338634m | | | | | | normal | https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13338634m | | P508 | BNCF Thesaurus ID | 1459 | | | | | | normal | https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=1459 | | P5019 | Brockhaus Enzyklopädie online ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/euro | | P3569 | Cultureel Woordenboek ID | economie/euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.cultureelwoordenboek.nl/economie/euro | | P998 | Curlie ID | Society/Government/Multilateral/Regional/European_Union/Policies_and_Programs/Monetary_Union_-_Euro/ | | | | | | normal | https://curlie.org/Society/Government/Multilateral/Regional/European_Union/Policies_and_Programs/Monetary_Union_-_Euro/ | | P3509 | Dagens Nyheter topic ID | euron | | | | | | normal | https://www.dn.se/om/euron/ | | P1036 | Dewey Decimal Classification | 332.494 | | | | | | normal | | | P7996 | EH.Net Encyclopedia of Economic and Business History ID | the-euro-and-its-antecedents | | | | | | normal | https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-euro-and-its-antecedents | | P1417 | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID | topic/euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.britannica.com/topic/euro | | P3219 | Encyclopædia Universalis ID | arrivee-de-l-euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arrivee-de-l-euro/ | | P9545 | Encyclopedia of China (Second Edition) ID | 223608 | | | | | | normal | https://h.bkzx.cn/item/223608 | | P4613 | Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ID | 17364 | | | | | | normal | https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=17364 | | P8935 | Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID | EURO | | | | | | normal | http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=EURO | | P11012 | EU Knowledge Graph item ID | Q226 | | | | | | normal | https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q226 | | P9438 | Europalexikon ID | 176834 | | | | | | normal | https://www.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/das-europalexikon/176834 | | P5437 | EuroVoc ID | 665 | | | | | | normal | https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/665 | | P8168 | FactGrid item ID | Q390951 | | | | | | normal | https://database.factgrid.de/wiki/Item:Q390951 | | P9346 | France 24 topic ID (French) | euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.france24.com/fr/tag/euro/ | | P646 | Freebase ID | /m/02l6h | | | | | | normal | https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/02l6h | | P227 | GND ID | 4408931-4 | | | | | | normal | https://d-nb.info/gnd/4408931-4 | | P5337 | Google News topics ID | CAAqIQgKIhtDQkFTRGdvSUwyMHZNREpzTm1nU0FuSjFLQUFQAQ | | | | | | normal | https://news.google.com/topics/CAAqIQgKIhtDQkFTRGdvSUwyMHZNREpzTm1nU0FuSjFLQUFQAQ | | P4342 | Great Norwegian Encyclopedia ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=euro | | P11514 | Great Russian Encyclopedia portal ID | evro-d5861f | | | | | | normal | https://bigenc.ru/c/evro-d5861f | | P13772 | Harper's tag | euro | | | | | | normal | https://harpers.org/tag/euro/ | | P902 | HDS ID | 045834 | | | | | | normal | https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/045834 | | P7982 | Hrvatska enciklopedija ID | 18641 | | | | | | normal | https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/18641 | | P11662 | IATE entry ID | 901212 | | | | | | normal | https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/901212 | | P498 | ISO 4217 code | EUR | | | | | | normal | | | P8189 | J9U entity ID | 987007530202205171 | | | | | | normal | https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007530202205171 | | P6573 | Klexikon article ID | Euro | | | | | | normal | https://klexikon.zum.de/wiki/Euro | | P6385 | Krugosvet article (archived) | gumanitarnye_nauki/ekonomika_i_pravo/EVRO.html | | | | | | normal | https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/gumanitarnye_nauki/ekonomika_i_pravo/EVRO.html | | P6058 | Larousse ID | divers/wd/50035 | | | | | | normal | https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/wd/50035 | | P8313 | Lex ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=euro | | P244 | Library of Congress Authorities ID | sh98003388 | | | | | | normal | https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh98003388 | | P13030 | Münzkabinett ID | denomination/30 | | | | | | normal | https://ikmk.smb.museum/ndp/denomination/30 | | P12596 | Museum-digital tag ID | 24406 | | | | | | normal | https://term.museum-digital.de/md-de/tag/24406 | | P8885 | Namuwiki ID | 유로 | | | | | | normal | https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A1%9C | | P9495 | National Historical Museums of Sweden ID | term/09E0DAF4-3D77-4B6F-8238-3CC39780857E | | | | | | normal | https://samlingar.shm.se/term/09E0DAF4-3D77-4B6F-8238-3CC39780857E | | P349 | NDL Authority ID | 00576420 | | | | | | normal | https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576420 | | P6900 | NicoNicoPedia word article ID | ユーロ | | | | | | normal | https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD | | P691 | NL CR AUT ID | ph120033 | | | | | | normal | https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120033 | | P7749 | Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging | 13850 | | | | | | normal | https://www.nomenclature.info/nom/13850 | | P1245 | OmegaWiki Defined Meaning | 337443 | | | | | | normal | http://www.omegawiki.org/DefinedMeaning:(337443) | | P8769 | Ontology of units of Measure 2.0 unit ID | euro | | | | | | normal | http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/euro | | P13786 | OpenStreetMap key | currency:EUR | | | | | | normal | https://taginfo.openstreetmap.org/keys/currency%3AEUR | | P14692 | OpenStreetMap Wiki item ID | Q1192 | | | | | | normal | https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Item:Q1192 | | P3347 | PermID | 500111 | | | | | | normal | https://permid.org/1-500111 | | P13625 | QUDT dimension ID | A0E0L0I0M0H0T0D1 | | | | | | normal | http://qudt.org/vocab/dimensionvector/A0E0L0I0M0H0T0D1 | | P2968 | QUDT unit ID | CCY_EUR | | | | | | normal | https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CCY_EUR | | P3417 | Quora topic ID | Euro-currency | | | | | | normal | https://www.quora.com/topic/Euro-currency | | P10077 | Spanish Cultural Heritage thesauri ID | numismatica/1186611 | | | | | | normal | https://tesauros.cultura.gob.es/tesauros/numismatica/1186611 | | P3911 | STW Thesaurus for Economics ID | 19353-0 | | | | | | normal | https://zbw.eu/stw/version/latest/descriptor/19353-0/about | | P10916 | Süddeutsche Zeitung topic ID | Euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.sueddeutsche.de/thema/Euro | | P9322 | SVKKL authority ID | h0002209-euro | | | | | | normal | https://ipac.svkkl.cz/arl-kl/cs/detail-kl_us_auth-h0002209-euro | | P6404 | Treccani's Dizionario di Storia ID | euro | | | | | | normal | https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/euro_(Dizionario-di-Storia) | | P4527 | UK Parliament thesaurus ID | 10013 | | | | | | normal | https://lda.data.parliament.uk/terms/10013.html | | P8370 | UN Thesaurus ID | 1002142 | | | | | | normal | https://metadata.un.org/thesaurus/1002142 | | P12800 | Vikidia article ID | en:Euro | | | | | | normal | https://central.vikidia.org/wiki/en%3AEuro | | P9975 | Vokrug sveta article ID | Евро | | | | | | normal | https://www.vokrugsveta.ru/encyclopedia/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE | | P7007 | Wolfram Language unit code | "Euros" | | | | | | normal | | | P8814 | WordNet 3.1 Synset ID | 13683925-n | | | | | | normal | https://en-word.net/view/synset/13683925-n | | P3328 | Wurvoc.org measure ID | euro | | | | | | normal | http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/euro | | P13591 | Yale LUX ID | concept/fdfde279-d271-452a-8038-8ee34813980f | | | | | | normal | https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/fdfde279-d271-452a-8038-8ee34813980f | | P2347 | YSO ID | 14651 | | | | | | normal | https://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p14651 | | P3553 | Zhihu topic ID | 19634962 | | | | | | normal | https://www.zhihu.com/topic/19634962 | Source: https://aidb.si/e/euro-Q4916 — Wikidata (CC0) via AIDB