rank name wikidata description occupation movement birth_date death_date country citizenship birth_country notable_works sitelinks hpi image 1 Aristotle Q868 Greek philosopher Philosopher peripatetic school -384 -322 GRC 9 320 96.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristotle%20Altemps%20Inv8575.jpg?width=320 2 Confucius Q4604 5th-century BCE Chinese philosopher and politician Philosopher Confucianism -551 -479 Lu CHN 1 315 93.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Confucius%2C%20fresco%20from%20a%20Western%20Han%20tomb%20of%20Dongping%20County%2C%20Shandong%20province%2C%20China.jpg?width=320 3 Plato Q859 4th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher Platonism -427 -347 GRC Classical Athens GRC 38 304 95.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plato%20Silanion%20Musei%20Capitolini%20MC1377.jpg?width=320 4 The Buddha Q9441 Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE) Philosopher Noble Eightfold Path; dharma; nirvana -566 -452 NPL 0 278 99.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Buddha%20in%20Sarnath%20Museum%20(Dhammajak%20Mutra).jpg?width=320 4 Socrates Q913 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher -470 -399 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 278 94.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Socrates%20Louvre.jpg?width=320 6 Immanuel Kant Q9312 German philosopher (1724-1804) Philosopher German idealism; Age of Enlightenment 1724-04-22 1804-02-12 Kingdom of Prussia RUS 8 256 92.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Immanuel%20Kant%20-%20Gemaelde%202.jpg?width=320 6 René Descartes Q9191 French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650) Philosopher rationalism 1596-03-31 1650-02-11 FRA France FRA 3 256 92.12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frans%20Hals%20-%20Portret%20van%20Ren%C3%A9%20Descartes.jpg?width=320 6 Friedrich Nietzsche Q9358 German philosopher (1844-1900) Philosopher 1844-10-15 1900-08-25 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 7 256 90.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nietzsche187a.jpg?width=320 9 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Q6527 Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778) Philosopher Baroque music; Enlightenment philosophy 1712-06-28 1778-07-02 Republic of Geneva CHE 4 236 91.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Jacques%20Rousseau%20(painted%20portrait).jpg?width=320 10 Niccolò Machiavelli Q1399 Florentine statesman, diplomat, and political theorist (1469–1527) Philosopher High Renaissance 1469-05-12 1527-07-01 Republic of Florence ITA 3 230 90.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Niccol%C3%B2%20Machiavelli%20by%20Santi%20di%20Tito.jpg?width=320 11 Augustine of Hippo Q8018 Christian theologian, philosopher, and saint (354–430) Philosopher 0354-11-14 0430-08-29 Ancient Rome DZA 3 228 90.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Saint%20Augustine%20by%20Philippe%20de%20Champaigne.jpg?width=320 12 Laozi Q9333 6th-century BC semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism Philosopher Hundred Schools of Thought; Taoism; Eastern philosophy -604 -600 Zhou dynasty CHN 1 216 91.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhang%20Lu-Laozi%20Riding%20an%20Ox%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 13 Pythagoras Q10261 Greek philosopher and mathematician (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) Philosopher Western philosophy; Pythagoreanism -570 -495 Samos GRC 3 212 93.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapitolinischer%20Pythagoras.jpg?width=320 14 John Locke Q9353 English philosopher and physician (1632-1704) Philosopher empiricism 1632-09-08 1704-11-08 Kingdom of England GBR 6 211 87.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JohnLocke.png?width=320 15 Thomas Aquinas Q9438 Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church (1225–1274) Philosopher Thomism; scholasticism; just war theory 1225 1274-03-14 ITA 16 208 88.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg?width=320 16 Friedrich Engels Q34787 German philosopher, sociologist and economist (1820–1895) Philosopher 1820-11-28 1895-08-05 GBR United Kingdom DEU 4 201 85.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Engels%20portrait%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 17 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Q9235 German philosopher and theologian (1770–1831) Philosopher Hegelianism; historicism; German idealism 1770-08-27 1831-11-14 Kingdom of Württemberg DEU 8 196 88.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jakob%20Schlesinger%20-%20Hegel%201831.jpg?width=320 18 Avicenna Q8011 Persian polymath, physician and philosopher (c. 980–1037) Philosopher 0980 1037-06-24 UZB 3 194 92.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pursina.jpg?width=320 19 Francis Bacon Q37388 English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626) Philosopher empiricism 1561-02-01 1626-04-19 Kingdom of England GBR 2 188 90.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Somer%20Francis%20Bacon.jpg?width=320 20 Benedictus de Spinoza Q35802 Dutch philosopher (1632–1677) Philosopher rationalism; Western philosophy 1632-11-24 1677-02-21 Dutch Republic NLD 2 178 90.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spinoza.jpg?width=320 21 Arthur Schopenhauer Q38193 German philosopher (1788-1860) Philosopher irrationalism 1788-02-22 1860-09-21 Kingdom of Prussia POL 2 177 87.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arthur%20Schopenhauer%20by%20J%20Sch%C3%A4fer%2C%201859b.jpg?width=320 22 Ludwig Wittgenstein Q9391 Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1889-04-26 1951-04-29 Austria; United Kingdom AUT 2 174 83.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20Wittgenstein.jpg?width=320 23 Søren Kierkegaard Q6512 Danish theologian, philosopher, poet and social critic (1813–1855) Philosopher existentialism 1813-05-05 1855-11-11 Kingdom of Denmark DNK 10 171 84.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S%C3%B8ren%20Kierkegaard%20(1813-1855)%20-%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 24 Sun Tzu Q37151 6th century BCE Chinese general and military strategist Philosopher -544 -470 Qi; Wu CHN 1 166 83.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%90%B4%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%99%E6%AD%A6.jpg?width=320 25 Montesquieu Q15975 French philosopher (1689–1755) Philosopher 1689-01-18 1755-02-10 Kingdom of France FRA 1 163 87.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Montesquieu%201.png?width=320 26 Thales Q36303 ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Milesian school -625 -546 TUR 1 162 89.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Illustrerad%20Verldshistoria%20band%20I%20Ill%20107.svg?width=320 26 Plutarch Q41523 Greek philosopher and historian (c. AD 46 – after AD 119) Philosopher 0046 0120 Ancient Rome GRC 2 162 83.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plutarch%20of%20Chaeronea-03.jpg?width=320 28 Thomas Hobbes Q37621 English philosopher (1588–1679) Philosopher determinism; empiricism; legal positivism 1588-04-05 1679-12-04 Kingdom of England GBR 4 161 85.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Hobbes%20(portrait).jpg?width=320 29 Seneca Q2054 Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist (c. 4 BCE–65 CE) Philosopher stoicism -4 0065-04-10 Ancient Rome ESP 5 159 86.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Duble%20herma%20of%20Socrates%20and%20Seneca%20Antikensammlung%20Berlin%2007.jpg?width=320 29 David Hume Q37160 Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (1711-1776) Philosopher Age of Enlightenment; empiricism; naturalism 1711-05-07 1776-08-25 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 4 159 83.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Hume%20Ramsay.jpg?width=320 31 Erasmus Q43499 Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and theologian (1466-1536) Philosopher Renaissance philosophy 1466-11-06 1536-07-22 Seventeen Provinces NLD 6 156 88.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Holbein-erasmus.jpg?width=320 32 Democritus Q41980 Greek philosopher (c. 460–c. 370 BC) Philosopher atomism -460 -360 GRC 1 154 86.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unknown%20greek%20pushkin.jpg?width=320 33 Epicurus Q43216 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Epicureanism -342 -270 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 151 86.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epikouros%20BM%201843.jpg?width=320 34 Martin Heidegger Q48301 German philosopher (1889–1976) Philosopher phenomenology; Lebensphilosophie; existential philosophy 1889-09-26 1976-05-26 DEU Germany DEU 4 150 84.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heidegger%202%20(1960).jpg?width=320 35 Heraclitus Q41155 Greek philosopher (late 6th/early 5th-century BC) Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Western philosophy; Ionian School -535 -470 TUR Ephesus TUR 0 147 89.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ca'%20Rezzonico%20-%20Eraclito%201705%20-%20Giuseppe%20Torretti.jpg?width=320 36 Al-Ghazali Q9546 Persian Sunni Muslim scholar and mystic (c.1058–1111) Philosopher 1058 1111-12-26 Seljuk Empire IRN 5 146 85.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.png?width=320 37 Chanakya Q9045 Ancient Indian teacher and strategist who authored the foundational manual on political economy Philosopher -375 -283 PAK 1 144 77.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chanakya%20artistic%20depiction.jpg?width=320 38 Mikhail Bakunin Q27645 Russian revolutionary anarchist and philosopher (1814–1876) Philosopher atheism; Western philosophy; libertarian socialism 1814-05-30 1876-06-13 FRA France RUS 3 143 82.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bakunin%20Nadar.jpg?width=320 39 Michel de Montaigne Q41568 French author, philosopher, and statesman (1533–1592) Philosopher 1533-03-10 1592-09-13 Kingdom of France FRA 1 140 83.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg?width=320 40 Swami Vivekananda Q47478 Indian Hindu monk and philosopher (1863–1902) Philosopher 1863-01-12 1902-07-04 British Raj IND 5 139 82.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Swami%20Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg?width=320 41 Henri Bergson Q42156 French philosopher (1859–1941) Philosopher continental philosophy 1859-10-18 1941-01-04 FRA France FRA 0 138 82.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri%20Bergson%2002.jpg?width=320 42 Auguste Comte Q12718 French philosopher, mathematician and sociologist (1798–1857) Philosopher positivism 1798-01-19 1857-09-05 FRA France FRA 0 133 85.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20dAuguste%20Comte%20(maison%20dA.%20Comte%2C%20Paris)%20(2424895050).jpg?width=320 42 Thomas More Q42544 English statesman, lawyer and philosopher (1478–1535) Philosopher 1478-02-16 1535-07-16 Kingdom of England GBR 3 133 81.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Holbein%2C%20the%20Younger%20-%20Sir%20Thomas%20More%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=320 44 Averroes Q39837 Arab Andalusian Muslim writer and philosopher (1126–1198) Philosopher aristotelianism; Averroism 1126-04-21 1198-12-17 ESP 4 132 86.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20of%20Averroes%20in%20C%C3%B3rdoba%2C%20Spain.jpg?width=320 45 Zhu Xi Q9397 Chinese historian, neo-Confucian philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty (1130–1200) Philosopher Cheng-Zhu school 1130-10-25 1200-04-30 Song dynasty CHN 3 131 81.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg?width=320 46 Karl Popper Q81244 Austrian-British philosopher of science and social and política e falsificationism and for criticism of Plato, Hegel and Marx as totalitarian opponents of open society (1902-1994) Philosopher liberalism 1902-07-28 1994-09-17 Austria; United Kingdom AUT 7 130 81.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Popper.jpg?width=320 47 Michel Foucault Q44272 French philosopher (1926–1984) Philosopher atheism; continental philosophy; Post-structuralism 1926-10-15 1984-06-25 FRA France FRA 6 129 82.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20of%20Michel%20Foucault%20on%201970%20dustjacket%20of%20The%20Order%20of%20Things.jpg?width=320 48 Hannah Arendt Q60025 German-American political theorist and philosopher (1906–1975) Philosopher phenomenology 1906-10-14 1975-12-04 United States; statelessness DEU 6 127 82.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hannah%20Arendt%20auf%20dem%201.%20Kulturkritikerkongress%2C%20Barbara%20Niggl%20Radloff%2C%20FM-2019-1-5-9-16%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 48 Antonio Gramsci Q83003 Italian Marxist philosopher, writer, and politician (1891–1937) Philosopher Neo-Marxism; Marxist humanism; Western Marxism 1891-01-22 1937-04-27 Kingdom of Italy ITA 1 127 80.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gramsci.png?width=320 48 Pliny the Elder Q82778 Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79) Philosopher 0023 0079 Ancient Rome ITA 1 127 80.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grande%20Illustrazione%20del%20Lombardo%20Veneto%20Vol%203%20Plinio%20Secondo%20300dpi.jpg?width=320 51 Lucretius Q47154 1st-century BC Roman poet and philosopher Philosopher atomism -94 -55 Ancient Rome ITA 0 125 83.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucretius1.png?width=320 52 Diogenes of Sinope Q59180 4th-century BC Greek Cynic philosopher Philosopher Cynicism -400 -323 TUR Sinope TUR 0 122 88.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diogenes-statue-Sinop-enhanced.jpg?width=320 52 Nagarjuna Q171195 3rd-century Indian Buddhist philosopher Philosopher 0150 0250 IND 0 122 80.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nagarjuna%20at%20Samye%20Ling%20Monastery.JPG?width=320 54 Herbert Spencer Q144535 English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903) Philosopher utilitarianism; freethought; positivism 1820-04-27 1903-12-08 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 3 120 80.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herbert%20Spencer.jpg?width=320 54 Thomas Carlyle Q151403 Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher (1795–1881) Philosopher 1795-12-04 1881-02-05 Kingdom of Great Britain; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 9 120 71.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Carlyle.%20Photograph%20by%20Elliott%20%26%20Fry.%20Wellcome%20V0027634%20(Cropped).jpg?width=320 56 Epictetus Q183144 Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50–c. 138) Philosopher stoicism 0050 0138 Ancient Rome TUR 0 118 81.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epictetus%20from%20L.%20Annaei%20Senecae%20philosophi%20Opera%2C%201605%2C%20title%20page%20detail.png?width=320 57 Ramakrishna Q183126 Indian mystic and religious preacher (1836–1886) Philosopher 1836-02-18 1886-08-16 British Raj IND 0 115 81.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramakrishna.jpg?width=320 58 Anaxagoras Q83041 5th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Pluralist school -500 -428 TUR 0 114 82.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaxagoras%20Lebiedzki%20Rahl.jpg?width=320 58 Johann Gottlieb Fichte Q102585 German philosopher (1762–1814) Philosopher German idealism; German Romanticism 1762-05-19 1814-01-27 DEU Germany DEU 0 114 81.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Gottlieb%20Fichte%20by%20Friedrich%20Bury.jpg?width=320 60 Parmenides Q125551 late 6th/early 5th century BC Greek pre-Socratic philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Eleatics -515 -470 ITA 0 113 84.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Busto%20di%20Parmenide%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 61 Anaximander Q42458 pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Milesian school -610 -546 Miletus TUR 1 112 83.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaximander.jpg?width=320 61 George Berkeley Q82049 Irish idealist philosopher and Anglican bishop (1685–1753) Philosopher immaterialism; empiricism 1685-03-12 1753-01-14 Kingdom of Ireland IRL 8 112 79.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Berkeley%20by%20Jonh%20Smibert.jpg?width=320 63 Ludwig Feuerbach Q76422 German philosopher and anthropologist (1804–1872) Philosopher atheism; German idealism 1804-07-28 1872-09-13 Kingdom of Bavaria DEU 2 110 80.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20Feuerbach%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 64 Maria Montessori Q131117 Italian physician and educator (1870-1952) Philosopher 1870-08-31 1952-05-06 ITA Italy ITA 0 109 84.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maria%20Montessori%20(portrait).jpg?width=320 64 Carl von Clausewitz Q76430 German-Prussian general and military theorist (1780–1831) Philosopher 1780-06-01 1831-11-16 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 1 109 79.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clausewitz.jpg?width=320 66 Empedocles Q83375 5th century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Pluralist school -494 -434 Akragas ITA 2 108 83.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Empedocles.%20Line%20engraving%2C%201580.%20Wellcome%20V0001766.jpg?width=320 66 Protagoras Q169243 Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (c.490–c.420 BC) Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; sophism -490 -420 GRC 0 108 83.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Salvator%20Rosa%20-%20D%C3%A9mocrite%20et%20Protagoras.jpg?width=320 66 Mencius Q188903 Chinese Confucian philosopher (372–289 BC) Philosopher -372 -289 Zhu CHN 0 108 79.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Meng%20Ke%20(%E5%AD%9F%E8%BB%BB).jpg?width=320 66 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Q5749 French politician, philosopher, anarchist and socialist (1809-1865) Philosopher 1809-01-15 1865-01-19 Belgium; France FRA 5 108 79.12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20Pierre-Joseph%20Proudhon%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 70 Jeremy Bentham Q60887 British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer (1748–1832) Philosopher utilitarianism 1748-02-15 1832-06-06 FRA France GBR 0 107 78.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jeremy%20Bentham%20by%20Henry%20William%20Pickersgill%20detail.jpg?width=320 71 Jiddu Krishnamurti Q179266 Indian spiritual philosopher, mystic, speaker and writer (1895–1986) Philosopher 1895-05-12 1986-02-17 IND India IND 4 106 75.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jiddu%20Krishnamurti%2001.jpg?width=320 72 Plotinus Q134189 Hellenistic Platonist philosopher and founder of Neoplatonism (c. 204/5–270) Philosopher 0205 0270 Ancient Rome EGY 1 104 82.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Monti%20-%20Servizio%20fotografico%20(Roma%2C%201969)%20-%20BEIC%206353762.jpg?width=320 72 Jürgen Habermas Q76357 German sociologist and philosopher (1929–2026) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1929-06-18 2026-03-14 DEU Germany DEU 4 104 79.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JuergenHabermas%20retouched.jpg?width=320 74 Peter Abelard Q4295 French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician (c.1079-1142) Philosopher scholasticism; nominalism; Classical period 1079 1142-04-28 Kingdom of France FRA 17 103 80.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abelard.jpg?width=320 75 Edmund Husserl Q58586 German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (1859–1938) Philosopher Western philosophy 1859-04-08 1938-04-27 German Reich; Austrian Empire CZE 2 102 80.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edmund%20Husserl%201910s.jpg?width=320 75 Rudolf Christoph Eucken Q47695 (1846-1926) German philosopher Philosopher German idealism; continental philosophy 1846-01-05 1926-09-15 Weimar Republic; Kingdom of Prussia; German Empire DEU 0 102 79.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eucken-im-Alter.png?width=320 75 Johann Gottfried Herder Q155547 German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803) Philosopher Age of Enlightenment; romantic nationalism 1744-08-25 1803-12-18 Kingdom of Prussia POL 4 102 79.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Gottfried%20Herder%202.jpg?width=320 75 Aurobindo Ghosh Q192207 Indian Bengali philosopher, yogi, maharishi, poet and nationalist (1872–1950) Philosopher 1872-08-15 1950-12-05 IND India IND 7 102 71.21 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sri%20aurobindo.jpg?width=320 79 Jacques Derrida Q130631 French philosopher (1930–2004) Philosopher Post-structuralism; deconstruction 1930-07-15 2004-10-09 FRA France DZA 0 101 78.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Derrida%20EHESS%20(cropped).png?width=320 80 Zhuang Zhou Q47739 Chinese Taoist philosopher (c. 369–286 BC) Philosopher -369 -288 Song CHN 1 100 81.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhuangzi.png?width=320 80 Xenophanes Q131671 Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher (c.570–c.478 BC) Philosopher ancient philosophy; Pre-Socratic philosophy -570 -478 TUR 0 100 80.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xenophanes%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320 80 Tertullian Q174929 Roman Christian theologian and writer (c. 155 – c. 220) Philosopher 0160 0240 Ancient Rome TUN 3 100 78.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tertullian2.png?width=320 83 Farabi Q160460 10th century Persian philosopher and jurist Philosopher 0870 0951 Abbasid Caliphate AFG 5 99 84.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Farabi.jpg?width=320 83 John Amos Comenius Q12735 Czech teacher, educator, philosopher and writer (1592-1670) Philosopher 1592-03-28 1670-11-15 Habsburg monarchy CZE 0 99 82.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jan%20Amos%20Comenius%20(Komensky)%20(1592-1670).%20Tsjechisch%20humanist%20en%20pedagoog.%20Als%20voorganger%20van%20de%20Moravische%20of%20Boheemse%20Broedergemeente%20verdreven%20en%20sedert%201656%20gevestigd%20te%20Amsterdam%20Rijksmuseum%20SK-A-2161.jpeg?width=320 83 Walter Benjamin Q61078 German cultural critic, philosopher and social critic (1892–1940) Philosopher Marxism 1892-07-15 1940-09-26 German Reich; Kingdom of Prussia DEU 5 99 78.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Walter%20Benjamin%20vers%201928.jpg?width=320 83 Slavoj Žižek Q184750 Slovenian philosopher (born 1949) Philosopher Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis; continental philosophy; Lacanianism 1949-03-21 SVN Slovenia SVN 0 99 74.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Slavoj%20%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 87 Osho Q148285 Indian guru and leader of the Rajneesh movement (1931–1990) Philosopher Rajneesh movement 1931-12-11 1990-01-19 IND India IND 0 98 83.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhagwan%20beweging%20gekwetst%20door%20reclame-affiche%20van%20het%20NRC%20met%20de%20tekst%20profeet%2C%20Bestanddeelnr%20933-0734-cropped.jpg?width=320 87 Zeno of Elea Q132157 Greek philosopher (c. 495 – c. 430 BC) Philosopher -490 -425 ITA 1 98 81.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portretbuste%20van%20Zeno%20van%20Elea%20Paradigmata%20graphices%20variorum%20artificum%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1907-4495.jpg?width=320 87 Karl Jaspers Q76509 German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher (1883–1969) Philosopher continental philosophy 1883-02-23 1969-02-26 Switzerland; Germany DEU 1 98 80.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Jaspers%201910.jpg?width=320 87 Theophrastus Q160362 Greek philosopher (c.371-c.287 BC) Philosopher peripatetic school -371 -287 GRC Classical Athens GRC 8 98 80.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Teofrasto%20Orto%20botanico%20head.jpg?width=320 87 Wilhelm von Humboldt Q77888 Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835) Philosopher German new humanism 1767-06-22 1835-04-08 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 98 78.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/W.v.Humboldt.jpg?width=320 87 William of Ockham Q43936 English Franciscan friar and theologian (c.1287–1347) Philosopher nominalism; scholasticism 1287 1349-04-17 Kingdom of England GBR 4 98 77.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20of%20Ockham.png?width=320 87 Simone Weil Q157309 French philosopher, writer, and social activist (1909–1943) Philosopher 1909-02-03 1943-08-24 FRA France FRA 6 98 76.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simone%20Weil%201943.jpg?width=320 87 Ādi Shankara Q180967 An Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta and revitalized Sanskrit scholasticism. Philosopher Bhakti movement 0788 0820 IND 0 98 75.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raja%20Ravi%20Varma%20-%20Sankaracharya.jpg?width=320 95 Roger Bacon Q171677 English polymath, philosopher and friar (c.1219/20–c.1292) Philosopher scholasticism 1220 1292-06-18 Kingdom of England GBR 11 94 78.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger-bacon-statue.jpg?width=320 96 Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling Q60070 German philosopher (1775–1854) Philosopher German idealism 1775-01-27 1854-08-20 CHE Switzerland DEU 1 93 80.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Wilhelm%20Joseph%20Schelling%2C%201848%20daguerreotype%20-%20cropped.jpg?width=320 96 Boethius Q102851 Roman senator and philosopher of the early 6th century (480–524) Philosopher 0480 0524 Ostrogothic Kingdom ITA 6 93 78.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boethius%20initial%20consolation%20philosophy.jpg?width=320 96 Joseph Priestley Q159636 English chemist, theologian, educator, and political theorist (1733–1804) Philosopher 1733-03-24 1804-02-06 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 93 76.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priestley.jpg?width=320 96 Miguel de Unamuno Q185085 Spanish poet (1864-1936) Philosopher Generation of '98 1864-09-29 1936-12-31 ESP Spain ESP 2 93 73.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Miguel%20de%20Unamuno%20Meurisse%201925.jpg?width=320 100 Zeno of Citium Q171303 Greek philosopher, founder of Stoicism Philosopher stoicism -334 -263 Kition CYP 0 92 80.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Monti%20-%20Servizio%20fotografico%20(Napoli%2C%201969)%20-%20BEIC%206353768.jpg?width=320 101 Anaximenes of Miletus Q80612 Greek Ionian Pre-Socratic philosopher (c.586–c.526 BC) Philosopher Milesian school; Pre-Socratic philosophy -585 -525 TUR 0 91 76.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaximenes.jpg?width=320 101 Max Stirner Q76725 German philosopher (1806–1856) Philosopher solipsism; Young Hegelians; Ethical egoism 1806-10-25 1856-06-26 Kingdom of Bavaria; Kingdom of Prussia DEU 1 91 75.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Engels%20-%20Die%20Freien%20(1842)-1.1%20V01-1.2%20raw%20RGASPI%20(Stirner%20cropped).jpg?width=320 101 Judith Butler Q219368 American feminist gender studies philosopher (born 1956) Philosopher Post-structuralism 1956-02-24 USA United States USA 4 91 69.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Judith%20Butler%20al%20CCCB%202018%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 104 Ibn Arabi Q46420 Sufi scholar and Sunni philosopher (1165–1240) Philosopher 1165-08-04 1240-11-23 Almohad Caliphate ESP 5 90 80.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20Arabi.jpg?width=320 104 Oswald Spengler Q57112 German historian and philosopher (1880-1936) Philosopher Conservative Revolution 1880-05-29 1936-05-08 DEU Germany DEU 1 90 75.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20183-R06610%2C%20Oswald%20Spengler.jpg?width=320 104 Marshall McLuhan Q193871 Canadian educator, philosopher, and scholar (1911–1980) Philosopher 1911-07-21 1980-12-31 CAN Canada CAN 0 90 72.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marshall%20McLuhan.jpg?width=320 107 Gorgias Q179785 Greek presocratic philosopher and sophist (483–375 BC) Philosopher sophist; sophism; Pre-Socratic philosophy -485 -375 GRC 0 88 80.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorgia%20di%20Leontini.png?width=320 107 Gregory of Nazianzus Q44011 Christian saint and theologian (c. 329 – 390) Philosopher 0330 0389-01-26 Ancient Rome TUR 1 88 80.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gregor-Chora%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 107 Gilles Deleuze Q184226 French philosopher (1925–1995) Philosopher materialism; continental philosophy; Western philosophy 1925-01-18 1995-11-04 FRA France FRA 6 88 78.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AVT%20Gilles-Deleuze%206342.webp?width=320 107 Emmanuel Swedenborg Q185832 Swedish 18th century scientist and theologian (1688-1772) Philosopher 1688-02-08 1772-03-29 SWE Sweden SWE 4 88 76.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emanuel%20Swedenborg%2C%201688-1772%2C%20%C3%A4mbetsman%20(Per%20Krafft%20d.%C3%A4.)%20-%20Nationalmuseum%20-%2015710.tif?width=320 111 Antisthenes Q179149 Greek philosopher, founder of Cynicism (c.446–c.366 BCE) Philosopher Cynicism -445 -365 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 87 78.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antisthenes%20BM%201838.jpg?width=320 111 Herbert Marcuse Q60030 German philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist (1898–1979) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1898-07-19 1979-07-29 Germany; United States; Switzerland DEU 5 87 75.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herbert%20Marcuse%20in%20Newton%2C%20Massachusetts%201955.jpeg?width=320 113 Rudolf Steiner Q78484 Austrian social reformer, occultist and esotericist (1861–1925) Philosopher anthroposophy 1861-02-27 1925-03-30 Austria; Croatia; Switzerland HUN 0 86 80.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Steiner%20um%201905.jpg?width=320 113 Athanasius of Alexandria Q44024 Pope of Alexandria from 328 to 373 (296–373) Philosopher 0296 0373-05-03 Ancient Rome EGY 2 86 79.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ikone%20Athanasius%20von%20Alexandria.jpg?width=320 113 Kabir Q312551 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint Philosopher Sant Mat; bhakti; Bhakti movement 1398 1518 IND 1 86 74.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kabir%20(postage%20stamp).jpg?width=320 113 John Rawls Q172544 American philosopher, philosophy teacher Philosopher analytic philosophy 1921-02-21 2002-11-24 USA United States USA 3 86 74.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Rawls%20(1971%20photo%20portrait).jpg?width=320 113 Paramahansa Yogananda Q312549 Yogi, Kriya Yoga guru and founder of Self-Realization Fellowship (1893-1952) Philosopher 1893-01-05 1952-03-07 IND India IND 1 86 71.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paramahansa%20Yogananda.jpg?width=320 118 Al-Kindi Q179759 Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician and physician (c.801–873) Philosopher 0801 0870 Abbasid Caliphate IRQ 6 85 80.39 118 John Wycliffe Q173893 English theologian and dissident in the Roman Catholic Church Philosopher 1324 1385-01-08 Kingdom of England GBR 0 85 76.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wycliffe%20by%20Kirby.jpg?width=320 118 Jean Baudrillard Q182847 French sociologist, philosopher and cultural theorist (1929–2007) Philosopher Western philosophy; Post-structuralism; degrowth 1929-07-27 2007-03-06 FRA France FRA 3 85 74.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WikipediaBaudrillard20040612-cropped.png?width=320 118 José Ortega y Gasset Q153020 Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist (1883–1955) Philosopher Noucentisme 1883-05-09 1955-10-18 ESP Spain ESP 0 85 74.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jos%C3%A9%20Ortega%20y%20Gasset%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 118 Vyasa Q330521 Legendary ancient Indian sage, compiler of the Vedas, and author of the Mahabharata Philosopher -390 -310 Kuru Kingdom IND 2 85 70.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sculpture%20of%20Vyasa.jpeg?width=320 123 Roland Barthes Q179109 French philosopher and essayist (1915–1980) Philosopher structuralism 1915-11-12 1980-03-26 FRA France FRA 2 84 80.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roland%20Barthes%201969.jpg?width=320 123 Benedetto Croce Q192348 Italian philosopher (1866-1952) Philosopher Western philosophy 1866-02-25 1952-11-20 ITA Italy ITA 0 84 72.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benedetto%20Croce%2001.jpg?width=320 123 George Santayana Q237833 Spanish-American philosopher Philosopher 1863-12-16 1952-09-26 ESP Spain ESP 0 84 69.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Santayana.jpg?width=320 126 Origen Q170472 Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian (c. 185 – c. 253) Philosopher 0185 0254 Ancient Rome EGY 0 83 84.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Origen%20(3x4).jpg?width=320 126 Nicholas of Cusa Q154751 German philosopher (1401 – 1464) Philosopher German Renaissance 1401 1464-08-20 Holy Roman Empire DEU 31 83 80.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicholas%20of%20Cusa.jpg?width=320 126 Emil Cioran Q193405 Romanian-French philosopher and essayist (1911–1995) Philosopher continental philosophy; anti-intellectualism; existentialism 1911-04-08 1995-06-20 ROU Romania ROU 3 83 78.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cioran%20in%20Romania.jpg?width=320 129 Ernest Renan Q157155 French philosopher and writer (1823–1892) Philosopher 1823-02-28 1892-10-02 FRA France FRA 3 82 74.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernest%20Renan%201876-84.jpg?width=320 130 Leucippus Q165589 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher materialism; Pre-Socratic philosophy; atomism -500 -500 Miletus TUR 0 80 80.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pinacoteca%20Querini%20Stampalia%20-%20Leucippus%20-%20Luca%20Giordano.jpg?width=320 130 John of Damascus Q51884 Christian monk, priest, hymnographer and apologist (675/6-749) Philosopher 0675 0749-12-08 Umayyad Caliphate SYR 1 80 79.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ioann%20Damaskin%20ikona.jpg?width=320 130 Ibn Taymiyyah Q491558 Islamic scholar, jurist and philosopher (1263–1328) Philosopher 1263-01-29 1328-10-04 Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo TUR 7 80 77.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7%20%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9.png?width=320 130 Isaiah Berlin Q205162 Russo-British-Latvian Jewish social and political theorist, philosopher and historian of ideas (1909–1997) Philosopher 1909-06-06 1997-11-05 GBR United Kingdom LVA 1 80 72.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg?width=320 134 Bonaventure Q43746 Franciscan, bishop, cardinal, Doctor of the Church, Catholic saint (1221–1274) Philosopher 1221 1274-07-22 ITA 21 79 77.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7ois%2C%20Claude%20(dit%20Fr%C3%A8re%20Luc)%20-%20Saint%20Bonaventure.jpg?width=320 134 Hans-Georg Gadamer Q76356 German philosopher (1900–2002) Philosopher 1900-02-11 2002-03-13 DEU Germany DEU 2 79 77.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Gadamer.png?width=320 134 Martin Buber Q84423 German Jewish Existentialist philosopher and theologian (1878–1965) Philosopher Western philosophy 1878-02-08 1965-06-13 Austria; Germany; Israel AUT 3 79 76.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin%20Buber%20portrait.jpg?width=320 134 Giambattista Vico Q178709 Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian and jurist Philosopher 1668-06-23 1744-01-23 Kingdom of Naples ITA 4 79 76.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giovan%20Battista%20Vico.jpg?width=320 138 Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon Q82934 French early socialist theorist (1760-1825) Philosopher utopian socialism 1760-10-17 1826-05-19 FRA France FRA 0 78 77.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Claude%20Henri%20de%20Rouvroy.jpg?width=320 138 John Duns Scotus Q190089 priest, friar, philosopher, theologian, college teacher Philosopher 1266 1308-11-16 Kingdom of Scotland GBR 0 78 76.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scoto%20(Duns%20Scoto).jpg?width=320 140 Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Q182128 Italian Renaissance philosopher (1463–1494) Philosopher Renaissance 1463-03-05 1494-11-26 Duchy of Mirandola ITA 11 77 79.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pico1.jpg?width=320 140 Tommaso Campanella Q191850 Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet (1568-1639) Philosopher 1568-09-14 1639-05-21 Kingdom of Naples ITA 2 77 76.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cozza%20Tommaso%20Campanella.jpg?width=320 140 Charles Fourier Q181707 French utopian socialist and philosopher (1772–1837) Philosopher utopian socialism 1772-04-07 1837-10-10 FRA France FRA 1 77 76.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Foliot%20-%20Jean%20Gigoux%20-%20Portrait%20de%20Charles%20Fourrier%20(cropped)%20(1).jpg?width=320 140 Edith Stein Q76749 Jewish-German Catholic nun, theologian and philosopher (1891–1942) Philosopher 1891-10-12 1942-08-09 DEU Germany DEU 0 77 76.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edith%20Stein%20(ca.%201938-1939).jpg?width=320 140 Louis Althusser Q184169 French Marxist philosopher (1918–1990) Philosopher Marxism; structural Marxism; structuralism 1918-10-16 1990-10-22 FRA France DZA 4 77 75.82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louis%20Althusser%20sketch%20(8420987781)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 140 Claude Adrien Helvétius Q190302 French philosopher; (1715-1771) Philosopher atheism 1715-01-26 1771-12-26 FRA France FRA 0 77 74.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Claude%20Adrien%20Helvetius%2C%20Collection%20des%20Grands%20Hommes%2C%20G.4189(3).jpg?width=320 140 Julia Kristeva Q159876 Bulgarian philosopher, psychoanalyst & academic Philosopher Post-structuralism; Western philosophy 1941-06-24 Bulgaria; France BGR 2 77 73.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julia%20Kristeva%20%C3%A0%20Paris%20en%202008.jpg?width=320 140 Ramana Maharshi Q288441 Indian spiritual teacher (1879–1950) Philosopher Neo-Vedanta 1879-12-30 1950-04-14 IND India IND 0 77 71.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sri%20Ramana%20Maharshi%20-%20Portrait%20-%20G.%20G%20Welling%20-%201948.jpg?width=320 148 Philo of Alexandria Q189597 Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria (c. 20 BCE-c. 50 CE) Philosopher Middle Platonism; stoicism -15 0050 Ancient Rome EGY 5 76 76.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philon.jpg?width=320 148 Clement of Alexandria Q188883 Christian theologian (c.150 – c.215) Philosopher 0150 0215 Ancient Rome GRC 2 76 75.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clement%20alexandrin.jpg?width=320 150 Ramon Llull Q193660 Majorcan writer and philosopher (c.1232–1315/6) Philosopher 1232 1316 Kingdom of Majorca ESP 18 75 77.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramon%20Llull.jpg?width=320 150 Georgi Plekhanov Q182905 Russian philosopher (1856–1918) Philosopher 1856-11-29 1918-05-30 Russian Empire RUS 1 75 73.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgi%20Valentinovich%20Plekhanov%2C%20ca.%201917.jpg?width=320 150 Baltasar Gracián Q360512 Aragonese Jesuit and baroque prose writer and philosopher in Castilian language (1601-1658) Philosopher 1601-01-08 1658-12-06 ESP Spain ESP 0 75 73.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Graci%C3%A1n%20Graus%20(detalle).jpg?width=320 153 Meister Eckhart Q76548 German philosopher and theologian Philosopher 1260 1328-02-05 DEU Germany DEU 0 74 78.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eckharts%20wirtschaft.jpg?width=320 153 Isocrates Q221182 Greek rhetorician and writer (436–338 BC) Philosopher -436 -338 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 74 76.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Isocrates%20pushkin.jpg?width=320 153 Han Fei Q28959 Chinese Legalist, 280–233 BCE Philosopher -280 -233 Han CHN 1 74 75.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20Of%20Han%20Fei.png?width=320 153 Nikolai Berdyaev Q184656 Russian philosopher (1874–1948) Philosopher personalism; existentialism; Russian religious philosophy 1874-03-18 1948-03-24 FRA France UKR 0 74 72.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NBerdyaev.jpg?width=320 157 Pierre Bayle Q214816 French philosopher and writer (1647–1706) Philosopher skepticism 1647-11-18 1706-12-28 FRA France FRA 1 73 74.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre%20Bayle%20by%20Louis%20Ferdinand%20Elle.jpg?width=320 157 William Godwin Q188569 English journalist, political philosopher and novelist (1756–1836) Philosopher 1756-03-03 1836-04-07 Kingdom of Great Britain; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 1 73 70.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Godwin%20by%20Henry%20William%20Pickersgill.jpg?width=320 159 Marsilio Ficino Q192374 Italian philosopher and Catholic priest (1433–1499) Philosopher 1433-10-28 1499-10-10 Republic of Florence ITA 0 72 77.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marsilio%20Ficino%20-%20Angel%20Appearing%20to%20Zacharias%20(detail).jpg?width=320 159 Max Scheler Q76521 German philosopher (1874-1928) Philosopher 1874-08-22 1928-05-19 DEU Germany DEU 1 72 75.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Max%20Scheler.jpg?width=320 159 François Fénelon Q310002 French archbishop, theologian and writer (1651–1715) Philosopher 1651-08-06 1715-01-07 FRA France FRA 0 72 71.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Salignac%20de%20la%20Mothe-F%C3%A9nelon.PNG?width=320 162 Aristippus Q189506 Greek philosopher, founder of Cyrenaicism (c.435–c.356 BCE) Philosopher Cyrenaics -435 -366 LBY 0 71 79.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristippus.jpg?width=320 162 Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat de Condorcet Q201477 French philosopher, mathematician, and political scientist (1743–1794) Philosopher Enlightenment philosophy 1743-09-17 1794-03-28 FRA France FRA 6 71 75.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20de%20Condorcet.PNG?width=320 162 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Q189564 French philosopher, Jesuit priest, and paleontologist Philosopher 1881-05-01 1955-04-10 FRA France FRA 0 71 73.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TeilhardP%201955.jpg?width=320 162 Joseph de Maistre Q309854 Savoyard philosopher, writer, lawyer, and diplomat (1753-1821) Philosopher 1753-04-01 1821-02-26 Kingdom of Sardinia FRA 0 71 73.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jmaistre.jpg?width=320 166 Georg Lukács Q151523 Hungarian marxist philosopher and literary critic (1885–1971) Philosopher 1885-04-13 1971-06-04 HUN Hungary HUN 0 70 75.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luk%C3%A1cs%20Gy%C3%B6rgy.jpg?width=320 166 Xunzi Q216072 Chinese Confucian philosopher (c. 310 – after 238 BCE) Philosopher -313 -238 Qi; Zhao CHN 1 70 75.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Xun%20Zi.jpg?width=320 166 Karl Kautsky Q76586 Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist (1854–1938) Philosopher 1854-10-16 1938-10-17 DEU Germany CZE 1 70 74.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Kautsky.jpg?width=320 166 Peter Singer Q211539 Australian moral philosopher (born 1946) Philosopher Western philosophy; animal rights movement; effective altruism 1946-07-06 AUS Australia AUS 2 70 69.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Singer%202017%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 166 Ayaan Hirsi Ali Q214475 Dutch-American political activist and author Philosopher 1969-11-13 United States; Kingdom of the Netherlands SOM 5 70 57.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ayaan%20Hirsi%20Ali%20by%20Gage%20Skidmore.jpg?width=320 171 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari Q192124 Iranian scholar, historian and commentator on the Qur'an (839–923) Philosopher 0839 0922 Abbasid Caliphate IRN 3 69 78.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A.png?width=320 171 Mozi Q272411 5th-century BC Chinese philosopher and founder of Mohism Philosopher -470 -391 Zhou dynasty CHN 0 69 76.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%20%D0%9C%D0%BE-%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8B.jpg?width=320 171 Benjamin Constant Q123089 French-Swiss politician, writer on politics and religion (1767-2011) Philosopher liberalism; Romanticism 1767-10-25 1830-12-08 Switzerland; France CHE 1 69 73.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri-Benjamin%20Constant%20de%20Rebecque.png?width=320 171 Daniel Dennett Q215263 American philosopher (1942–2024) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1942-03-28 2024-04-19 USA United States USA 0 69 67.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daniel%20Dennett%202.jpg?width=320 175 Porphyry Q203445 3rd-century Phoenician Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher 0233 0301 Ancient Rome LBN 7 68 80.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Porphyry%20of%20Tyre%20from%20Les%20vrais%20pourtraits%20et%20vies%20des%20hommes%20illustres%20grecz%2C%20latins%20et%20payens.jpg?width=320 175 Zygmunt Bauman Q158092 Polish philosopher and sociologist (1925-2017) Philosopher 1925-11-19 2017-01-09 United Kingdom; Poland POL 0 68 76.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zigmunt%20Bauman%20na%2020%20Forumi%20vydavciv(Cropped).jpg?width=320 175 Mikhail Bakhtin Q185375 Russian intellectual and philosopher (1895–1975) Philosopher Western philosophy 1895-11-17 1975-03-07 Soviet Union; Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic; Russian Empire RUS 1 68 75.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mikhail%20bakhtin.jpg?width=320 175 Rudolf Carnap Q76519 German philosopher and logician (1891–1970) Philosopher logical positivism 1891-05-18 1970-09-14 USA United States DEU 0 68 74.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Carnap%201895.jpeg?width=320 179 Friedrich Schleiermacher Q76576 German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar (1768-1834) Philosopher German idealism 1768-11-21 1834-02-12 Kingdom of Prussia POL 1 67 75.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Daniel%20Ernst%20Schleiermacher.jpg?width=320 180 Bodhidharma Q187172 Indian-Chinese philosopher and Buddhist Monk Philosopher 0483 0540 Northern Wei IRN 1 66 78.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BodhidharmaYoshitoshi1887.jpg?width=320 180 Carl Schmitt Q77148 German jurist, political theorist and professor of law (1888–1985) Philosopher Conservative Revolution; Western philosophy 1888-07-11 1985-04-07 DEU Germany DEU 2 66 74.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1929%20report%20on%20Carl%20Schmitt.jpg?width=320 180 Max Horkheimer Q76826 German philosopher and sociologist (1895–1973) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1895-02-14 1973-07-07 Germany; United States DEU 3 66 74.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AdornoHorkheimerHabermasbyJeremyJShapiro2.png?width=320 180 Julius Evola Q334147 Italian philosopher and esotericist (1898-1974) Philosopher individualism; Conservative Revolution; neo-fascism 1898-05-19 1974-06-11 MEX Apodaca ITA 8 66 73.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Evola.jpg?width=320 180 Paulo Freire Q164797 lawyer, college teacher, author Philosopher 1921-09-19 2011-05-02 BRA Brazil BRA 1 66 73.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulo%20Freire%201977.jpg?width=320 185 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Q69351 Islamic Saudi scholar, jurist and eponym of Wahhabi movement (1703–1792) Philosopher 1703 1792-06-02 First Saudi State SAU 18 65 78.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8.png?width=320 185 Ram Mohan Roy Q335269 Indian religious, social, and educational reformer, and humanitarian Philosopher Bengali Renaissance 1772-05-22 1833-09-27 Company rule in India IND 0 65 75.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Raja%20Ram%20Mohun%20Roy%2C%201833.jpg?width=320 185 Vladimir Solovyov Q282280 Russian philosopher (1853-1900) Philosopher 1853-01-28 1900-08-13 Russian Empire RUS 0 65 71.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VS%20Solovyov.jpg?width=320 185 Raymond Aron Q160640 French philosopher, sociologist, journalist, and political scientist (1905–1983) Philosopher 1905-03-14 1983-10-17 FRA France FRA 0 65 71.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RaymondAron-StudioHarcourt-1956.png?width=320 189 Shri Ramanujacharya Q1741798 12th-century Iconic indian social reformer and proponent of the Vishishtadvaita Vedanta school of philosophy. Philosopher Bhakti movement 1017 1137 IND India IND 1 64 69.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20Of%20Equality%20Samatha%20Murthy.jpg?width=320 190 Willard Van Orman Quine Q214969 American philosopher and logician (1908–2000) Philosopher 1908-06-25 2000-12-25 USA United States USA 7 63 77.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Willard%20Van%20Orman%20Quine%20on%20Bluenose%20II%20in%20Halifax%20NS%20harbor%201980.jpg?width=320 190 Ernst Cassirer Q57188 German philosopher (1874–1945) Philosopher Marburg School 1874-05-28 1945-04-13 SWE Sweden POL 0 63 75.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ErnstCassirer.jpg?width=320 190 Cesare Beccaria Q223723 jurist, philosopher and politician from Italy (1738-1794) Philosopher Romanticism in Italy 1738-03-15 1794-11-20 Duchy of Milan ITA 1 63 74.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cesare%20Beccaria.jpg?width=320 190 Jean-François Lyotard Q193257 French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist (1924-1998) Philosopher 1924-08-10 1998-04-21 FRA France FRA 0 63 74.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Francois%20Lyotard%20cropped.jpg?width=320 190 Moses Mendelssohn Q76997 German-Jewish philosopher and theologian (1729–1786) Philosopher continental philosophy 1729-09-06 1786-01-04 DEU Germany DEU 4 63 73.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moses%20Mendelson%20P7160073.JPG?width=320 190 Shen Kuo Q270085 Chinese scientist and statesman (1031-1095) Philosopher 1031 1095 Song dynasty CHN 1 63 72.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beijing%20Ancient%20Observatory%2020090715-19%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 196 Johannes Scotus Eriugena Q184500 Irish Catholic philosopher and theologian (c. 800 – c. 877) Philosopher 0810 0877 Gaelic Ireland IRL 15 62 78.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Scottus%20Eriugena.jpg?width=320 196 Julien Offray de La Mettrie Q7068 French physician and philosopher (1709–1751) Philosopher materialism; atheism 1709-12-25 1751-11-11 FRA France FRA 0 62 74.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Julien%20Offray%20de%20La%20Mettrie.jpg?width=320 196 Ernst Bloch Q57240 German philosopher (1885–1977) Philosopher Expressionism 1885-07-08 1977-08-04 Switzerland; Czech Republic; United Kingdom; Germany DEU 3 62 73.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20183-35545-0009%2C%20Berlin%2C%20Ernst%20Bloch%20auf%2015.%20Schriftstellerkongress.jpg?width=320 199 Jean Bodin Q190944 French philosopher, historian, lawyer, law teacher, author Philosopher 1530 1596-06-07 FRA France FRA 1 61 78.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Bodin.jpg?width=320 199 Bernard Bolzano Q184735 Bohemian mathematician and priest (1781–1848) Philosopher 1781-10-05 1848-12-18 Kingdom of Bohemia CZE 5 61 74.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BBolzano.jpg?width=320 199 Nicolas Malebranche Q309818 French philosopher Philosopher occasionalism 1638-08-06 1715-10-13 FRA France FRA 3 61 74.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20Malebranche%20-%20Versailles%20MV%202929.jpg?width=320 199 Christian Wolff Q76510 German philosopher (1679–1754) Philosopher rationalism 1679-02-03 1754-04-09 Kingdom of Prussia POL 0 61 74.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christian%20Wolff.jpg?width=320 199 Gaston Bachelard Q270800 French writer and philosopher (1884-1962) Philosopher historical epistemology 1884-06-27 1962-10-16 FRA France FRA 4 61 72.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gaston%20Bachelard.jpg?width=320 199 Gabriel Marcel Q154145 French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist (1889-1973) Philosopher Christian existentialism 1889-12-07 1973-10-08 FRA France FRA 1 61 72.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gabriel%20Marcel%20en%201969.jpg?width=320 199 Robert Nozick Q205927 American political philosopher (1938–2002) Philosopher 1938-11-16 2002-01-23 USA United States USA 6 61 69.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Nozick%201977%20Libertarian%20Review%20cover.jpg?width=320 206 Friedrich Fröbel Q76679 German educator Philosopher 1782-04-21 1852-06-21 Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt DEU 0 60 78.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Fr%C3%B6bel.jpg?width=320 206 George Gurdjieff Q217771 philosopher, mystic, and writer (c. 1866–1877 – 1949) Philosopher 1866-01-13 1949-10-29 Russian Empire ARM 2 60 78.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Gurdjieff.JPG?width=320 206 Proclus Q271809 5th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher Neoplatonism 0412-02-09 0485-04-18 Byzantine Empire TUR 5 60 76.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/In%20primum%20Euclidis%20elementorum%20librum%2001.jpg?width=320 206 Athanasius Kircher Q76738 German Jesuit scholar (1601 or 1602-1680) Philosopher 1602-05-02 1680-11-27 Holy Roman Empire DEU 2 60 75.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Athanasius%20Kircher.jpg?width=320 206 Sextus Empiricus Q236594 2nd-century Roman philosopher and physician Philosopher pyrrhonism 0160 0210 Ancient Rome EGY 1 60 74.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sexti%20Empirici%20Adversus%20mathematicos.djvu?width=320 206 Pierre Gassendi Q192315 French philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, priest, and scientist (*1592 – †1655) Philosopher 1592-01-22 1655-10-24 Kingdom of France FRA 2 60 74.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Pierre%20Gassendi%20by%20Claude%20Mellan.png?width=320 206 Muhammad Abduh Q311826 Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer (1849-1905) Philosopher 1849-01-01 1905-07-11 Ottoman Empire EGY 1 60 73.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad%20Abduh.jpg?width=320 213 Padmasambhava Q231582 8th-century Vajrayana Master Philosopher 0717 0762 IND 0 59 78.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guru%20-%20Boudha.jpg?width=320 213 Emmanuel Levinas Q153034 Jewish-French-Lithuanian philosopher (1906-1995) Philosopher 1906-01-12 1995-12-25 Lithuania; France LTU 1 59 77.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emmanuel%20Levinas.jpg?width=320 213 Ferdinand Tönnies Q21163 German sociologist, economist and philosopher (1855–1936) Philosopher 1855-07-26 1936-04-09 DEU Germany DEU 0 59 75.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ferdinand%20T%C3%B6nnies.jpg?width=320 213 Jakob Böhme Q77017 German Christian mystic and theologian (1575-1624) Philosopher 1575-05-04 1624-11-17 DEU Germany POL 1 59 75.24 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Jakob%20B%C3%B6hme%2C%20RP-P-OB-2353.jpg?width=320 213 Posidonius Q185770 Greek Stoic philosopher (c.135 – c.51 BC) Philosopher stoicism -135 -51 TUR 0 59 75.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Posidonio%2C%20replica%20augustea%20(23%20ac.-14%20dc%20ca)%20da%20originale%20del%20100-50%20ac.%20ca.%206142.JPG?width=320 213 Maurice Merleau-Ponty Q212639 French phenomenological philosopher Philosopher phenomenology; structuralism 1908-03-14 1961-05-03 FRA France FRA 0 59 74.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maurice%20Merleau-Ponty.jpg?width=320 213 Al-Jahiz Q293497 Arabic writer (776–869) Philosopher 0775 0868-12 IRQ 7 59 72.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Al-Jahiz%20stamp%2C%201968%2C%20Syria.jpg?width=320 213 G. E. Moore Q295386 English philosopher (1873–1958) Philosopher 1873-11-04 1958-10-24 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 59 70 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1914%20George%20Edward%20Moore%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 213 Henri-Frédéric Amiel Q123916 Swiss philosopher and poet (1821-1881) Philosopher German idealism 1821-09-27 1881-05-11 CHE Switzerland CHE 0 59 67.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry-Frederic%20Amiel%20by%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Artus.png?width=320 213 Roger Scruton Q445939 English conservative philosopher and writer (1944–2020) Philosopher conservatism 1944-02-27 2020-01-12 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 59 67.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger%20Scruton%20by%20Pete%20Helme.jpg?width=320 223 Chrysippus of Soli Q211411 Greek Stoic philosopher (c.279–c.206 BC) Philosopher stoicism -281 -208 TUR Soli TUR 0 58 76.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chrysippos%20BM%201846.jpg?width=320 223 Iamblichus Q310916 Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher (c. 245 – c. 325) Philosopher Neoplatonism 0245 0325 Ancient Rome SYR 2 58 72.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iamblichus.jpg?width=320 223 Imre Lakatos Q296249 Hungarian philosopher of mathematics and science (1922-1974) Philosopher 1922-11-09 1974-02-02 United Kingdom; Hungary HUN 3 58 72.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Professor%20Imre%20Lakatos%2C%20c1960s.jpg?width=320 223 Roger Garaudy Q160619 French philosopher, politician and Holocaust denier (1913-2012) Philosopher 1913-07-17 2012-06-13 FRA France FRA 0 58 72.15 223 Alain Badiou Q311005 French writer and philosopher Philosopher 1937-01-17 FRA France MAR 0 58 70.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20Badiou-2.jpg?width=320 223 Otto Weininger Q78513 Austrian philosopher and writer (1880-1903) Philosopher 1880-04-03 1903-10-04 Cisleithania AUT 1 58 70.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Otto%20Weininger%201903%20-%20Heliograv%C3%BCre%20Paulussen.jpg?width=320 223 A. J. Ayer Q243757 English philosopher (1910–1989) Philosopher logical positivism; atheism 1910-10-29 1989-07-26 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 58 66.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfred%20Jules%20Ayer.png?width=320 230 Johann Friedrich Herbart Q76685 German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline (1776-1841) Philosopher 1776-05-04 1841-08-14 Grand Duchy of Oldenburg DEU 0 57 76.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20F%20Herbart.jpg?width=320 230 Paul Ricœur Q192066 French philosopher (1913–2005) Philosopher 1913-02-27 2005-05-20 FRA France FRA 0 57 75.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Ricoeur%20Balzan.png?width=320 230 Solomon ibn Gabirol Q239355 11th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopher Philosopher 1021 1058 Caliphate of Córdoba ESP 1 57 73.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20Gabirol%2C%20Caesarea.jpg?width=320 230 Adam Weishaupt Q159481 German philosopher and founder of the Illuminati (1748–1830) Philosopher 1748-02-06 1830-11-18 Kingdom of Bavaria DEU 0 57 72.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Adam%20Weishaupt.jpg?width=320 234 Ivan Illich Q84186 Austrian philosopher and theologian (1926–2002) Philosopher degrowth; environmentalism 1926-09-04 2002-12-02 Germany; Austria; United States AUT 2 56 71.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1969%20press%20photo%20of%20Ivan%20Illich.jpg?width=320 234 Guy Debord Q298075 French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker (1931–1994) Philosopher Situationist International; Letterist International 1931-12-28 1994-11-30 FRA France FRA 0 56 70.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guy%20Debord%2C%20painted%20portrait.jpg?width=320 234 Madhvacharya Q335371 13th-century Hindu Dvaita philosopher Philosopher 1238 1317 Hoysala Empire IND 0 56 65.81 237 Apollodorus of Athens Q205704 ancient Greek grammarian and historian Philosopher -180 -120 GRC Classical Athens GRC 1 55 78.45 237 Pyrrho Q192313 Greek philosopher and founder of Pyrrhonism (c.360-c.270 BC) Philosopher pyrrhonism -365 -275 GRC 0 55 76.97 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pyrrho%20Heliensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 237 Wilhelm Dilthey Q60080 German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher (1833–1911) Philosopher Western philosophy 1833-11-19 1911-10-01 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 55 76.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20Dilthey.jpg?width=320 237 John Venn Q216811 British logician and philosopher (1834-1923) Philosopher 1834-08-04 1923-04-04 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 3 55 75.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Venn%202.jpg?width=320 237 Étienne Bonnot de Condillac Q272119 French academic Philosopher 1714-09-30 1780-08-03 FRA France FRA 0 55 74.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Bonnot%20de%20Condillac%20by%20Pierre-Michel%20Alix%20after%20Giuseppe%20Baldrighi.png?width=320 237 Han Yu Q318998 Chinese historian, poet, philosopher and politician (768–824) Philosopher 0768 0824-12-29 Tang dynasty CHN 0 55 69.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Han%20Yu.jpg?width=320 237 E. H. Carr Q274764 British historian, journalist, diplomat and political scientist (1892–1982) Philosopher 1892-06-28 1982-11-03 GBR United Kingdom GBR 1 55 68.14 244 Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten Q76517 German philosopher (b. 1714) Philosopher 1714-07-17 1762-05-27 DEU Germany DEU 1 54 76.2 244 Hans Kelsen Q84165 Austrian lawyer (1881–1973) Philosopher 1881-10-11 1973-04-19 United States; Austria CZE 0 54 75.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Kelsen%20(1881%E2%80%931973)%20~1930%20%C2%A9%20Georg%20Fayer%20(1892%E2%80%931950)%20OeNB%208026867.jpg?width=320 244 Ibn Tufayl Q251259 Arab Muslim polymath (c. 1105–1185) Philosopher 1110 1185 Almohad Caliphate; Almoravid dynasty ESP 1 54 75.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20%E1%B9%ACufail%2C%20Sayr%20mulhimah%20min%20al-Sharq%20wa-al-Gharb.png?width=320 244 Paul Feyerabend Q78497 Austrian-born philosopher of science Philosopher 1924-01-13 1994-02-11 Germany; Austria; United States AUT 4 54 72.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Feyerabend%20Berkeley.jpg?width=320 244 Bias of Priene Q365977 6th-century BC Greek sage Philosopher -600 -530 TUR 0 54 72.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bias%20Pio-Clementino%20Inv279.jpg?width=320 244 Alfred Tarski Q207534 Polish-American logician (1901-1983) Philosopher 1901-01-14 1983-10-26 United States; Poland POL 17 54 70.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlfredTarski1968%20(cropped).jpeg?width=320 244 Anacharsis Q325026 Scythian philosopher Philosopher -700 -600 UKR 0 54 70.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anacharsis.jpg?width=320 244 Georges Sorel Q313666 French philosopher and sociologist Philosopher 1847-11-02 1922-08-29 FRA France FRA 0 54 70.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Sorel.jpg?width=320 244 Moritz Schlick Q57193 German philosopher (1882-1936) Philosopher 1882-04-14 1936-06-22 DEU Germany DEU 0 54 70.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schlick%20sitting.jpg?width=320 244 Leszek Kołakowski Q157318 Philosopher, historian of ideas (1927–2009) Philosopher 1927-10-23 2009-07-17 POL Poland POL 1 54 67.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leszek%20Ko%C5%82akowski%20Anefo.jpg?width=320 254 Kanada Q29049 Vedic sage and founder of Deepak school of Hindu philosophy Philosopher -200 -160 0 53 76.49 254 Xenocrates Q214121 4th-century BC Greek philosopher, mathematician and scholarch Philosopher Platonism -396 -314 GRC Classical Athens TUR 0 53 73.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xenocrates.jpg?width=320 254 Bruno Bauer Q76878 German philosopher and theologian (1809–1882) Philosopher atheism 1809-09-06 1882-04-15 Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg DEU 0 53 70.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bruno%20Bauer.jpg?width=320 254 John Searle Q295012 American philosopher (1932–2025) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1932-07-31 2025-09-17 USA United States USA 1 53 69.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Searle%20speaking%20at%20Google%201.jpg?width=320 254 Louis Couturat Q20724 French logician, mathematician, philosopher and linguist (1868–1914) Philosopher 1868-01-17 1914-08-03 FRA France FRA 1 53 69.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louis-Couturat2.jpg?width=320 254 Richard Rorty Q215258 American philosopher (1931–2007) Philosopher 1931-10-04 2007-06-08 USA United States USA 0 53 68.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Rorty%20in%201959.png?width=320 254 Paul Tillich Q60104 German-American theologian and philosopher Philosopher 1886-08-20 1965-10-22 USA United States POL 0 53 68.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tillich%20Park%20Bust.jpg?width=320 261 Apollonius of Tyana Q297040 1st century AD Greek Neopythagorean philosopher Philosopher neopythagoreanism 0015 0100 TUR 0 52 74.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apollonius%20of%20Tyana.jpg?width=320 261 Orosius Q311456 Roman historian and theologian (c.375/385 – c.420 AD) Philosopher 0385 0418 Ancient Rome PRT 5 52 73.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulo%20Orosio%20-%20Detalle.jpg?width=320 261 Abraham ibn Ezra Q270670 12th-century Sephardic rabbi and astrologer Philosopher 1092 1167-01-30 ESP 3 52 71.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Psalterium-Ibn-Ezra.jpeg?width=320 261 Jacques Maritain Q45723 French philosopher (1882–1973) Philosopher Christian democracy; human rights; Christian humanism 1882-11-18 1973-04-28 FRA France FRA 0 52 70.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maritain%20Jacques.jpg?width=320 261 Chilon of Sparta Q34601 6th century BC Spartan philosopher, ephor and writer Philosopher -600 -520 Sparta GRC 0 52 70.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chilon%20of%20Sparta00.jpg?width=320 261 Hilary Putnam Q221697 American philosopher and mathematician Philosopher scientific realism 1926-07-31 2016-03-13 USA United States USA 1 52 67.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hilary%20Putnam.jpg?width=320 261 Leo Strauss Q77144 History of Political Philosophy scholar (1899-1973) Philosopher 1899-09-20 1973-10-18 United States; Germany DEU 3 52 66.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leo%20Strauss%20USA%201939.jpg?width=320 268 Melissus of Samos Q233711 5th-century BC Greek Eleatic philosopher Philosopher Eleatics; Pre-Socratic philosophy -470 -430 GRC 1 51 75.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melissus%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320 268 Francisco Suárez Q316339 Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian (1548-1617) Philosopher School of Salamanca 1548-01-15 1617-09-25 ESP Spain ESP 0 51 73.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Retrato-del-padre-francisco-suarez-valladolid-s.-xvii.png?width=320 268 Ibn al-Nafis Q319146 Arab polymath and physician (1213–1288) Philosopher 1215 1288-12-24 SYR 4 51 71.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20al-Nafis.jpg?width=320 268 Aśvaghoṣa Q312552 2nd century Buddhist Indian poet and philosopher Philosopher 0080 0150 IND 1 51 71.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ashvaghosha.jpg?width=320 268 Bruno Latour Q355237 French sociologist and philosopher (1947–2022) Philosopher 1947-06-22 2022-10-08 FRA France FRA 0 51 71.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bruno%20Latour%20in%20Taiwan%20P1250394%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 268 Rudolf Bultmann Q76327 German theologian (1884–1976) Philosopher 1884-08-20 1976-07-30 DEU Germany DEU 1 51 70.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Bultmann%20als%20Portr%C3%A4tb%C3%BCste%20von%20Michael%20Mohns.JPG?width=320 268 Juan Luis Vives Q316357 Spanish philosopher Philosopher humanism 1492-03-15 1540-05-06 ESP Spain ESP 0 51 69.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LuisVives.jpg?width=320 268 Nasir Khusraw Q328796 11th-century Persian Isma'ili poet, scholar, philosopher, and missionary Philosopher list of converts to Shia Islam 1004-09-09 1088 Seljuk Empire; Ghaznavid Empire TJK 2 51 69.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamps%20of%20Tajikistan%2C%20030-03.jpg?width=320 268 Saul Kripke Q298521 American philosopher and logician (1940–2022) Philosopher 1940-11-13 2022-09-15 USA United States USA 1 51 65.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kripke.JPG?width=320 268 Alan Watts Q354867 British American author and lecturer (1915–1973) Philosopher comparative philosophy; Eastern philosophy 1915-01-06 1973-11-16 United States; United Kingdom GBR 1 51 64.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alan%20Watts%20UVM%2015%20June%201958%20Hon.%20D.D%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 268 Olaf Stapledon Q337373 British novelist and philosopher (1886–1950) Philosopher 1886-05-10 1950-09-06 GBR United Kingdom GBR 3 51 63.97 279 Jean Buridan Q275500 medieval philosopher (ca. 1300-1358) Philosopher logic; nominalism 1295 1358 Kingdom of France FRA 4 50 75.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iohannes%20Buridanus%20(Paris%20ca.%201370%2C%20Krak%C3%B3w%20cod.%20BJ%201771%2C%20fol.%20142v).jpg?width=320 279 Alcmaeon of Croton Q188332 5th-century BC Greek physician and philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Pythagoreanism -510 -450 ITA 1 50 73.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alcmeone%20di%20Crotone.jpg?width=320 279 Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari Q316349 Muslim theologian (874–936) Philosopher 0873 0935 IRQ 5 50 72.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abu%20al-Hasan%20al-Ashari.png?width=320 279 Giorgio Agamben Q311687 Italian philosopher (b. 1942) Philosopher continental philosophy 1942-04-22 ITA Italy ITA 1 50 72.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agamben.png?width=320 279 Michael Psellos Q294109 11th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court official Philosopher Neoplatonism 1018 1078-05 Byzantine Empire TUR 1 50 72.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Psellos.jpg?width=320 279 Franz Brentano Q57196 German philosopher and psychologist as well as refounder of the theory of intentionality (1838–1917) Philosopher 1838-01-16 1917-03-17 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 1 50 72.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Brentano.jpeg?width=320 279 George Herbert Mead Q295978 American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist (1863–1931) Philosopher 1863-02-27 1931-04-26 USA United States USA 1 50 72.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Herbert%20Mead.jpg?width=320 279 Cleanthes Q310149 Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer (3rd-century BC) Philosopher stoicism -331 -232 TUR Assos TUR 1 50 72.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleanthes%20from%20L.%20Annaei%20Senecae%20philosophi%20Opera%2C%201605%2C%20title%20page%20detail.png?width=320 279 Giovanni Gentile Q312295 Italian philosopher, educator, fascist theoretician and politician (1875-1944) Philosopher Hegelianism 1875-05-29 1944-04-15 Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 50 69.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giovanni%20Gentile.png?width=320 279 Masanobu Fukuoka Q334997 Japanese farmer and philosopher (1913-2008) Philosopher 1913-02-02 2008-08-16 JPN Japan JPN 1 50 67.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Masanobu%20Fukuoka%2C%202002%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 279 Martha Nussbaum Q235470 American philosopher (born 1947) Philosopher 1947-05-06 USA United States USA 0 50 67.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martha%20Nussbaum%20wikipedia%2010-10.jpg?width=320 279 Murray Bookchin Q315910 American libertarian socialist author, orator, and philosopher (1921–2006) Philosopher 1921-01-14 2006-07-30 USA United States USA 8 50 67.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Murray%20Bookchin%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 291 Nicole Oresme Q310777 14th century French philosopher and bishop Philosopher 1320 1382-07-19 Kingdom of France FRA 25 49 71.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oresme.jpg?width=320 291 Wang Yangming Q378462 Chinese philosopher and general (1472–1529) Philosopher Neo-Confucianism; Yangmingism 1472-11-09 1529-01-19 Ming dynasty CHN 0 49 70.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%94%A1%E4%B8%96%E6%96%B0%20%E7%8E%8B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E8%BD%B4%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 291 Elena Cornaro Piscopia Q466851 Venetian philosopher (1646–1684) Philosopher 1646-06-05 1684-07-26 Republic of Venice ITA 0 49 70.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elena%20Piscopia%20portrait.jpg?width=320 291 David Strauss Q57219 German theologian (1808–1874) Philosopher 1808-01-27 1874-02-08 CHE Switzerland DEU 1 49 69.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Friedrich%20Strauss%20BW.jpg?width=320 291 Anne Sullivan Q239135 American teacher (1866–1936) Philosopher 1866-04-04 1936-10-20 USA United States USA 0 49 69.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnneSullivanMacy.jpg?width=320 291 Fukuzawa Yukichi Q355447 Modern Enlightenment thinker, educator, philosopher, scholar, author, writer, journalist, translator, entrepreneur, and founder of Keio University in Japan's Meiji era (1835-1901) Philosopher 1835-01-10 1901-02-03 JPN Japan JPN 15 49 69.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fukuzawa%20Yukichi%201891.jpg?width=320 291 Luce Irigaray Q28918 Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher, linguist, psycholinguist, psychoanalyst and cultural theorist (born 1930) Philosopher 1930-05-03 France; Belgium BEL 0 49 68.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luce%20Irigaray%20(Quotidiano%20dei%20Lavoratori%2C%201975).jpg?width=320 291 Alain Q275003 French philosopher (1868–1951) Philosopher 1868-03-03 1951-06-02 FRA France FRA 6 49 63.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Chartier%20portrait.jpg?width=320 299 Diogenes of Apollonia Q191964 5th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher -460 -500 BGR Apollonia Pontica BGR 0 48 74.11 299 Pelagius Q162593 4th-century theologian, namesake of Pelagianism Philosopher Pelagianism 0354 0420 Ancient Rome GBR 1 48 72.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pelagius.jpg?width=320 299 Sebastian Brant Q60351 German humanist and satirist (1458-1521) Philosopher German Renaissance 1458 1521-05-10 DEU Germany FRA 7 48 71.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Duerer%20brant.jpg?width=320 299 Houston Stewart Chamberlain Q57737 British-German racialist philosopher (1855–1927) Philosopher 1855-09-09 1927-01-09 Weimar Republic; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 48 70.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20119-1600-06%2C%20Houston%20Stewart%20Chamberlain.jpg?width=320 299 Félicité de La Mennais Q334973 French priest, philosopher and political theorist (1782–1854) Philosopher 1782-06-19 1854-02-27 FRA France FRA 0 48 68.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lanc%C3%B4me%20-%20Portrait%20de%20F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9%20Robert%20de%20Lamennais%20(1782-1854)%2C%20%C3%A9crivain%20et%20philosophe%20-%20P848%20-%20Mus%C3%A9e%20Carnavalet%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 299 John Langshaw Austin Q272615 English philosopher (1911–1960) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1911-03-26 1960-02-08 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 48 68.39 299 Tariq Ramadan Q122988 Swiss Muslim scholar Philosopher 1962-08-26 CHE Switzerland CHE 0 48 58.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tariq%20Ramadan%2C%202017%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 306 Carneades Q284994 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Platonism -213 -129 LBY 0 47 72.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carneades.jpg?width=320 306 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Q312816 Greek philosopher Philosopher 0500 0510 Byzantine Empire 1 47 72.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fra%20Angelico%20%E2%80%94%20Crucifixion%20with%20Saints.jpg?width=320 306 Johann Reuchlin Q61067 German humanist and scholar of Greek and Hebrew (1455-1522) Philosopher German Renaissance 1455-02-07 1522-07-10 Holy Roman Empire DEU 0 47 71.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Reuchlin%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 306 Ammonius Saccas Q310173 Hellenistic Platonist philosopher (175-242) Philosopher 0175 0242 Ancient Rome EGY 0 47 71.27 306 Lev Shestov Q314189 Russian existentialist philosopher (1866 – 1938) Philosopher Western philosophy; Christian existentialism 1866-02-05 1938-11-19 France; Switzerland UKR 1 47 70.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Si%20L%C3%A9on%20Chestov%20noong%201927.jpg?width=320 306 Cleobulus of Lindos Q365950 ancient philosopher Philosopher -630 -560 GRC 0 47 70 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleovoulos.jpg?width=320 306 Ban Zhao Q177081 late 1st/early 2nd century Chinese historian, philosopher and scholar Philosopher 0045 0116 Eastern Han CHN 1 47 68.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Banzhao.jpg?width=320 306 Francis Hutcheson Q316367 Scottish philosopher (1694–1746) Philosopher 1694-08-08 1746-08-08 IRL Ireland GBR 0 47 67.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francis%20Hutcheson%20b1694.jpg?width=320 306 Pavel Florensky Q336769 Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor and Neomartyr (1882–1937) Philosopher 1882-01-21 1937-12-08 Soviet Union; Russian Empire; Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic AZE 1 47 67.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pavel%20Florensky.jpg?width=320 306 Kapila Q574355 vedic sage in Hindu tradition Philosopher -550 -500 Shakya 0 47 66.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapila%20muni.jpg?width=320 306 Gilbert Ryle Q313386 British philosopher Philosopher 1900-08-19 1976-10-06 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 47 65.89 306 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Q242640 English aristocrat, prolific writer, and scientist Philosopher 1623 1673-12-15 Kingdom of England GBR 2 47 64.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Margaret%20Cavendish%2C%20Duchess%20of%20Newcastle%2C%20by%20Peter%20Lely.jpg?width=320 306 Reinhold Niebuhr Q358561 American Protestant theologian (1892–1971) Philosopher 1892-06-21 1971-06-01 USA United States USA 0 47 63.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rev.%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr%201927%20Edit.jpg?width=320 306 Eric Hoffer Q588692 American philosopher (1902–1983) Philosopher 1902-07-25 1983-05-21 USA United States USA 1 47 62.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eric%20Hoffer%20in%20LBJ%20Oval%20Office.jpg?width=320 320 Hippasus Q298860 5th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; Pythagoreanism -600 -500 ITA 0 46 73.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hippasus%20Metapontinus%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 320 Milarepa Q58431 Tibetan yogi Philosopher 1040 1135 CHN 0 46 72.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhutanese%20painted%20thanka%20of%20Milarepa%20(1052-1135)%2C%20Late%2019th-early%2020th%20Century%2C%20Dhodeydrag%20Gonpa%2C%20Thimphu%2C%20Bhutan.jpg?width=320 320 Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Q333703 12th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher Philosopher 1150 1210 IRN 11 46 71.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fakhr%20al-Din%20al-Razi.png?width=320 320 Antonio Negri Q310341 Italian political philosopher (1933–2023) Philosopher autonomism 1933-08-01 2023-12-16 ITA Italy ITA 1 46 69.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Negri%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 320 Aristoxenus Q335156 4th century BC Greek Peripatetic philosopher and musicologist Philosopher -360 -300 ITA 0 46 69.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristosseno.jpg?width=320 320 René Girard Q129228 French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science Philosopher 1923-12-25 2015-11-04 France; United States FRA 2 46 69.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ren%C3%A9%20Girard.jpg?width=320 320 Macrobius Q313934 ancient Roman author (5th century) Philosopher Neoplatonism 0370 0430 Ancient Rome TUN 1 46 68.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrobius%20and%20Eustachius.jpg?width=320 320 Adam Ferguson Q183094 Scottish philosopher and historian; (1723-1816) Philosopher Scottish Common Sense Realism; Scottish Enlightenment 1723-07-01 1816-02-22 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 46 66.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg?width=320 320 Thomas Nagel Q350239 American philosopher Philosopher 1937-07-04 USA United States SRB 3 46 66.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Nagel%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 320 Ernst Moritz Arndt Q57351 German historian, writer and politician (1769-1860) Philosopher 1769-12-26 1860-01-29 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 46 63.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst%20Moritz%20Arndt.jpg?width=320 330 Hasan al-Basri Q293500 Arab Muslim scholar, theologian, preacher and judge (c.642–728) Philosopher 0642 0728 Umayyad Caliphate; Rashidun Caliphate SAU 0 45 73.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A.png?width=320 330 G. E. M. Anscombe Q229646 British analytic philosopher Philosopher 1919-03-18 2001-01-05 GBR United Kingdom IRL 0 45 73.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20Anscombe.jpg?width=320 330 Arcesilaus Q73527 3rd-century BC Greek Hellenistic philosopher Philosopher Platonism -315 -240 GRC Classical Athens TUR 0 45 72.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arcesilaus%20and%20Carneades.jpg?width=320 330 Panaetius Q297420 2nd-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher stoicism -185 -110 GRC 0 45 71.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panaetius%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320 330 Henri Lefebvre Q162597 French philosopher (1901-1991) Philosopher Marxism; critical geography 1901-06-16 1991-06-29 FRA France FRA 0 45 70.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri%20Lefebvre%201971.jpg?width=320 330 Félix Guattari Q352465 French psychoanalyst (1930–1992) Philosopher 1930-03-30 1992-08-29 FRA France FRA 0 45 70.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA.jpg?width=320 330 Johann Georg Hamann Q76499 German philosopher (1730-1788) Philosopher Sturm und Drang 1730-08-27 1788-06-21 Kingdom of Prussia RUS 0 45 69.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Georg%20Hamann%20(1730%E2%80%931788).jpg?width=320 330 Otto Neurath Q78570 Austrian economist, philosopher and sociologist (1882–1945) Philosopher 1882-12-10 1945-12-22 AUT Austria AUT 0 45 69.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Otto%20Neurath.jpg?width=320 330 John Toland Q335820 Irish philosopher (1670-1722) Philosopher 1670-11-30 1722-03-11 Kingdom of Great Britain; Kingdom of Ireland IRL 0 45 67.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Toland.jpg?width=320 330 Peter Sloterdijk Q44845 German philosopher (born 1947) Philosopher 1947-06-26 DEU Germany DEU 0 45 67.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Sloterdijk%2C%20Karlsruhe%2007-2009%2C%20IMGP3019.jpg?width=320 330 Alasdair MacIntyre Q310178 Scottish-American philosopher (1929–2025) Philosopher 1929-01-12 2025-05-21 United Kingdom; United States GBR 1 45 67.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alasdair%20MacIntyre.jpg?width=320 330 Johann Christoph Gottsched Q76442 German writer, dramaturge, linguist and literary theorist as well as professor of poetics, logic and metaphysics (1700–1766) Philosopher 1700-02-02 1766-12-12 Brandenburg-Prussia RUS 0 45 66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Christoph%20Gottsched.jpg?width=320 330 Mortimer J. Adler Q313929 American philosopher, author and educator (1902–2001) Philosopher 1902-12-28 2001-06-28 USA United States USA 0 45 62.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mortimer%20Adler.jpg?width=320 343 Thomas Reid Q316347 Scottish philosopher (1710–1796) Philosopher Scottish Common Sense Realism; Scottish Enlightenment 1710-04-26 1796-10-07 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 3 44 75.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ThomasReid.jpg?width=320 343 Gemistus Pletho Q220313 15th-century Byzantine Greek philosopher Philosopher 1355 1452-07-05 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 44 74.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benozzo%20Gozzoli%2C%20Pletone%2C%20Cappella%20dei%20Magi.jpg?width=320 343 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi Q168004 German philosopher (1743-1819) Philosopher 1743-01-25 1819-03-10 Kingdom of Bavaria DEU 0 44 72.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Heinrich%20Jacobi%20portrait.jpg?width=320 343 Prodicus Q297402 Greek philosopher (c. 465 – c. 395 BC) Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; sophism -464 -380 GRC Iulis GRC 0 44 72.63 343 Judah Loew ben Bezalel Q363513 Czech rabbi Philosopher 1520 1609-09-17 Kingdom of Bohemia POL 0 44 71.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maharal.jpg?width=320 343 Eduard von Hartmann Q77057 German philosopher (1842–1906) Philosopher irrationalism 1842-02-23 1906-06-05 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 44 71.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Robert%20Eduard%20von%20Hartmann%20(Photographic%20portrait).jpg?width=320 343 Synesius of Cyrene Q357027 Greek bishop of Ptolemais Philosopher 0370 0413 Byzantine Empire LBY 1 44 70.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Syn%C3%A9sios%20de%20Cyr%C3%A8ne.png?width=320 343 Syed Abul Ala Maududi Q369907 South Asian Islamic scholar, Founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (1903–1979) Philosopher 1903-09-25 1979-09-22 PAK Pakistan IND 3 44 69.3 343 A. S. Neill Q316792 Scottish educator and theorist (1883-1973) Philosopher 1883-10-17 1973-09-23 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 44 68.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neill%20birthday.jpg?width=320 343 Alain de Benoist Q516375 French political theorist Philosopher ethnic nationalism; degrowth; Nouvelle Droite 1943-12-11 FRA France FRA 1 44 67.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20de%20Benoist%20dans%20le%20documentaire%20Alain%20de%20Benoist.%20R%C3%A9ponses%20de%20Simone%20Olla.png?width=320 343 Adolf von Harnack Q164699 Baltic German theologian and prominent church historian (1851–1930) Philosopher 1851-05-07 1930-06-10 DEU Germany EST 0 44 67.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Adolf%20Harnack.jpg?width=320 343 Edward de Bono Q41322 Maltese physician and writer (1933–2021) Philosopher 1933-05-19 2021-06-09 Crown Colony of Malta MLT 0 44 67.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward%20de%20Bono%20on%20Channel%204%20%22Opinions%22.jpg?width=320 343 Ananda Coomaraswamy Q379589 Sri Lankan Tamil metaphysician (1877–1947) Philosopher 1877-08-22 1947-09-09 British Ceylon LKA 0 44 65.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coomaraswamy.jpg?width=320 343 Juri Lotman Q360084 Russian-Estonian semiotician (1922–1993) Philosopher Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School 1922-02-28 1993-10-28 EST Estonia RUS 0 44 64.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yuri%20Lotman.%20Portrait.%201980.jpg?width=320 343 Luciano Floridi Q214119 Italian philosopher Philosopher 1964-11-16 ITA Italy ITA 2 44 57.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luciano%20Floridi%20a%20Milano.jpg?width=320 358 Buddhaghosa Q335247 5th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator, translator and philosopher Philosopher 0401 0500 IND 0 43 76.08 358 Hippias Q210573 5th century BC Greek sophist Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; sophism -443 -399 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 43 75.06 358 Priscus Q311731 5th-century diplomat, historian and orator Philosopher 0410 0471 Byzantine Empire TUR 1 43 71.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PriscusofPanium.jpg?width=320 358 Mazdak Q272300 Iranian philosopher Philosopher 0450 0531 IRN 0 43 70.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Iranian%20prophet%20Mazdak%20being%20executed.png?width=320 358 Richard Avenarius Q76516 German philosopher (1843-1896) Philosopher 1843-11-19 1896-08-18 Kingdom of Prussia FRA 1 43 68.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Avenarius%20(1843-1896).jpg?width=320 358 Moses Hess Q213565 German philosopher (1812–1875) Philosopher 1812-01-21 1875-04-06 DEU Germany DEU 0 43 67.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moses%20Hess.jpg?width=320 358 Gustavo Gutiérrez Q335384 Peruvian theologian (1928–2024) Philosopher liberation theology 1928-06-08 2024-10-22 PER Peru PER 1 43 66.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gustavo%20gutierrez%20(Peruvian%20theologian).jpg?width=320 358 Ernest Gellner Q170078 Czech anthropologist, philosopher and sociologist Philosopher critical rationalism 1925-12-09 1995-11-05 GBR United Kingdom FRA 0 43 66.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernest%20Gellner%202.jpg?width=320 358 Ronald Dworkin Q319803 American legal philosopher (1931-2013) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1931-12-11 2013-02-14 USA United States USA 0 43 66.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ronald%20Dworkin%20at%20the%20Brooklyn%20Book%20Festival.jpg?width=320 358 Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Q471040 Indian politician (1883–1966) Philosopher Hindu nationalism; Indian independence movement; linguistic purism 1883-05-28 1966-02-26 IND India IND 4 43 65.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VD%20Savarkar.jpg?width=320 358 Antonio Labriola Q342730 Italian philosopher (1843-1904) Philosopher Marxism 1843-07-02 1904-02-12 Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 43 64.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Labriola.jpg?width=320 358 Jonathan Edwards Q313073 Christian preacher, philosopher, and theologian (1703-1758) Philosopher First Great Awakening 1703-10-05 1758-03-22 British America USA 3 43 64.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jonathan%20Edwards%20(Princeton%20Portrait).jpg?width=320 370 Diotima of Mantinea Q1227107 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher -450 -300 GRC 0 42 74.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simmler-Deotyma.jpg?width=320 370 Marsilius of Padua Q315357 Italian philosopher (1275–1342) Philosopher 1275 1342 ITA 3 42 71.76 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marsilio%20da%20Padova%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 370 Alexandros of Aphrodisias Q317146 2nd-3rd century Greek peripatetic philosopher and commentator on Aristotle Philosopher peripatetic school 0200 0215 Ancient Rome TUR 0 42 71.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrea%20briosco%2C%20aristotele%20e%20alessandro%20di%20afrodisia.JPG?width=320 370 Celsus Q315370 2nd-century Greek philosopher Philosopher 0200 Ancient Rome 1 42 70.69 370 Martianus Capella Q348408 Latin prose writer of Late Antiquity Philosopher 0360 0428 Western Roman Empire DZA 1 42 69.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martianus%20Capella%20grammaire%202.jpg?width=320 370 Edgar Morin Q317880 French philosopher and sociologist (1921–2026) Philosopher continental philosophy 1921-07-08 2026-05-29 FRA France FRA 1 42 68.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edgar%20Morin1.jpg?width=320 370 Étienne Gilson Q289739 French historian and philosopher (1884-1978) Philosopher 1884-06-13 1978-09-19 FRA France FRA 0 42 67.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Gilson%20%C3%A2g%C3%A9.jpg?width=320 370 Hermann Lotze Q57684 German philosopher (1817-1881) Philosopher 1817-05-21 1881-07-01 Kingdom of Saxony DEU 0 42 66.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Humboldt-Universit%C3%A4tsbibliothek-Lotze.jpg?width=320 370 Hu Shih Q47667 Chinese scholar, writer and philosopher (1891–1962) Philosopher New Culture Movement 1891-12-17 1962-02-24 TWN Taiwan CHN 3 42 65.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hu%20Shih%201960%20color.jpg?width=320 370 Tom Regan Q314146 American philosopher (1938–2017) Philosopher 1938-11-28 2017-02-17 USA United States USA 0 42 64.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TomRegan2.jpg?width=320 370 Mary Daly Q241392 American feminist philosopher and theologian (1928–2010) Philosopher 1928-10-16 2010-01-03 USA United States USA 0 42 57.39 381 Euclid of Megara Q312682 Greek philosopher (c. 435 – c. 365 BC) Philosopher Megarian school -435 -365 GRC Megara GRC 0 41 71.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euclides%20Megarensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 381 Lucien Lévy-Bruhl Q324932 French philosopher (1857-1939) Philosopher 1857-04-10 1939-03-13 FRA France FRA 0 41 70.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1923%20Lucien%20L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl.jpg?width=320 381 Alfred Schütz Q94018 American sociologist (1899–1959) Philosopher 1899-04-13 1959-05-20 Austria; United States AUT 0 41 70.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schtz1.jpg?width=320 381 Aenesidemus Q314467 1st century BC Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Philosopher pyrrhonism -80 -10 Ancient Rome GRC 0 41 70.04 381 Rudolf Otto Q76748 German theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist (1869–1937) Philosopher 1869-09-25 1937-03-07 DEU Germany DEU 0 41 69.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RudolfOtto.jpg?width=320 381 Francisco de Vitoria Q312384 Spanish philosopher Philosopher School of Salamanca 1480 1546-08-22 Kingdom of Castile ESP 0 41 69.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francisco%20de%20Vitoria.jpg?width=320 381 Wilhelm Windelband Q77045 German philosopher (1848–1915) Philosopher Neo-Kantianism 1848-05-11 1915-10-22 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 41 68.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wilhelm%20Windelband.jpg?width=320 381 Saadia Gaon Q328748 rabbi, translator, Jewish philosopher and theologian (0882-0942) active during the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt and Irak Philosopher 0882-07 0942-05-21 Abbasid Caliphate EGY 4 41 68.42 381 Marcus Cornelius Fronto Q317055 2nd century Roman rhetorician and advocate Philosopher 0100 0160 Ancient Rome DZA 0 41 68 381 Christian Thomasius Q57501 German philosopher (1655-1728) Philosopher 1655-01-01 1728-09-23 Electorate of Saxony DEU 0 41 67.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christian%20Thomasius.jpg?width=320 381 Shantideva Q445460 8th-century Indian Buddhist monk and scholar Philosopher 0685 0763 IND 1 41 67.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shantideva(1).gif?width=320 381 Pierre Duhem Q314172 French physicist and historian of science (1861-1916) Philosopher 1861-06-10 1916-09-14 FRA France FRA 7 41 66.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre%20Duhem.jpg?width=320 381 Ivan Ilyin Q1282198 Russian political philosopher (1883–1954) Philosopher 1883-04-09 1954-12-21 CHE Switzerland RUS 0 41 66.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iljin02.jpg?width=320 381 Sivananda Saraswati Q458855 Hindu spiritual teacher (1887–1963) Philosopher 1887-09-08 1963-07-14 IND India IND 0 41 65.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Krishnananda%20and%20Sivananda%201945.jpg?width=320 381 Charles Taylor Q311757 Canadian philosopher (born 1931) Philosopher 1931-11-05 CAN Canada CAN 1 41 65.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charles%20Taylor%20(2019).jpg?width=320 381 María Zambrano Q235134 Spanish philosopher (1904–1991) Philosopher Generation of ‘27 1904-04-22 1991-02-06 ESP Spain ESP 0 41 64.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mar%C3%ADa-Zambrano-1-e1602071174321.png?width=320 381 Michel Onfray Q7060 French philosopher Philosopher euroscepticism; materialism; atheism 1959-01-01 FRA France FRA 7 41 58.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michel%20Onfray%20no%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%20Santa%20Catarina%202012%20(8212742449).jpg?width=320 398 Pherecydes of Syros Q311485 6th-century BCE Greek mythographer and proto-philosopher Philosopher Orphism -580 -499 GRC 0 40 72.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pherecydes.jpg?width=320 398 Strato of Lampsacus Q316353 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher peripatetic school -335 -269 TUR 0 40 70.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Strato%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320 398 Pietro Pomponazzi Q318787 Italian philosopher (1462 – 1525) Philosopher School of Padua; scholasticism 1462-09-25 1525-05-28 ITA 0 40 70.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pietro%20Pomponazzi.jpg?width=320 398 Isaac Abrabanel Q319902 Portuguese-Spanish Jewish businessman, exegete and philosopher (1437-1508) Philosopher 1437 1508-10-03 Kingdom of Portugal PRT 1 40 69.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brockhaus%20and%20Efron%20Jewish%20Encyclopedia%20e1%20134-0.jpg?width=320 398 Étienne Cabet Q289478 French philosopher (1788–1856) Philosopher Charbonnerie 1788-01-01 1856-11-09 FRA France FRA 1 40 69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Cabet%20(1788-1856)%20m%C3%AAme%20portrait%2C%20l'habit%20simplement%20esquiss%C3%A9%2C%20D.1740.jpg?width=320 398 Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi Q282883 Persian philosopher and founder of the school of Illuminationism Philosopher 1155 1191 Abbasid Caliphate IRN 1 40 68.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shahab%20al-Din%20Suhrawardi.jpg?width=320 398 Karl Rahner Q57317 German Catholic theologian (1904–1984) Philosopher 1904-03-05 1984-03-30 DEU Germany DEU 0 40 68.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Rahner%20by%20Letizia%20Mancino%20Cremer.jpg?width=320 398 Hans Reichenbach Q170147 German–American philosopher Philosopher 1891-09-26 1953-04-09 DEU Germany DEU 0 40 67.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/H%20Reichenbach.jpg?width=320 398 Arnobius Q342416 Christian apologist Philosopher 0255 0327 Ancient Rome TUN 0 40 67.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%20-Arnobius%20of%20Sicca.jpg?width=320 398 Norberto Bobbio Q332693 Italian legal scholar (1909–2004) Philosopher 1909-10-18 2004-01-09 ITA Italy ITA 0 40 66.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Norberto%20bobbio.jpg?width=320 398 Victor Cousin Q434346 French philosopher (1792–1867) Philosopher 1792-11-28 1867-01-14 FRA France FRA 2 40 66.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Victor%20Cousin%20by%20Gustave%20Le%20Gray%2C%20late%201850s-crop.jpg?width=320 398 Bernardino Telesio Q457986 Italian philosopher Philosopher 1509-11-17 1588-10-12 ITA 0 40 65.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bernardino%20Telesio.jpg?width=320 398 Eric Voegelin Q704039 American philosopher (1901–1985) Philosopher 1901-01-03 1985-01-19 United States; Germany DEU 0 40 63.96 398 Alain Finkielkraut Q380443 French philosopher (born 1949) Philosopher New Philosophers 1949-06-30 France; Poland FRA 3 40 60.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20Finkielkraut.jpg?width=320 398 Robert Anton Wilson Q314215 American author, futurist, and agnostic mystic (1932-2007) Philosopher 1932-01-18 2007-01-11 USA United States USA 0 40 58.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Anton%20Wilson%20(crop).jpg?width=320 413 Theano Q235426 6th-century BC Pythagorean philosopher Philosopher -600 -600 ITA 0 39 73.38 413 Bayazid Bastami Q380241 9th century Persian Sufi mystic Philosopher 0804 0848 Abbasid Caliphate IRN 0 39 71.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abu%20yazid.png?width=320 413 Ibn Miskawayh Q481384 Persian philosopher and historian ( 932–1030) Philosopher 0932 1030 Buyid dynasty IRN 1 39 70.88 413 Heraclides Ponticus Q316334 Greek philosopher and astronomer (c.390–c.310 BC) Philosopher Platonism -385 -322 TUR 0 39 70.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heraclides%20Ponticus%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 413 Hugh of Saint Victor Q317554 German-French canon regular and theologian Philosopher 1096 1141 Kingdom of France; Duchy of Saxony DEU 20 39 69.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hugostv.jpg?width=320 413 Jacobus Arminius Q313070 Dutch theologian, inspirator of Arminianism, champion of tolerance (1560-1609) Philosopher 1560-10-20 1609-10-19 Dutch Republic NLD 0 39 69.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Arminius%202.jpg?width=320 413 Alexandre Kojève Q354504 Russian-born French philosopher and statesman Philosopher continental philosophy 1902-05-11 1968-06-04 statelessness; France RUS 0 39 69.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexandre%20Koj%C3%A8ve.jpg?width=320 413 Hermann Cohen Q76709 German philosopher (1842–1918) Philosopher Marburg School; Western philosophy 1842-07-04 1918-04-04 Duchy of Anhalt DEU 0 39 69.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brockhaus%20and%20Efron%20Jewish%20Encyclopedia%20e9%20615-0.jpg?width=320 413 John Philoponus Q317632 Byzantine philologist and philosopher (c. 490–c. 570) Philosopher 0490 0570 Byzantine Empire EGY 0 39 69.25 413 Thomas Hill Green Q369621 British philosopher (1836-1882) Philosopher British idealism 1836-04-07 1882-03-26 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 39 68.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomashillgreen.jpg?width=320 413 Jean Gerson Q281179 French academic (1363/1369–1429) Philosopher 1363-12-22 1429-07-21 Kingdom of France FRA 47 39 68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuremberg%20chronicles%20f%20240r%202%20Jo.%20Gerson.jpg?width=320 413 Francisco Ferrer Q354202 Spanish freethinker, anarchist and educator (1859–1909) Philosopher labor movement; anarchism 1859-01-14 1909-10-13 ESP Spain ESP 1 39 67.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francisco%20Ferrer%20Guardia.jpg?width=320 413 Gaius Musonius Rufus Q381874 1st century AD Roman Stoic philosopher Philosopher stoicism 0025 0095 Ancient Rome ITA 0 39 66.81 413 Emmanuel Mounier Q351359 French philosopher (1905–1950) Philosopher personalism 1905-04-01 1950-03-22 FRA France FRA 2 39 66.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emmanuel%20mounier%201905%E2%80%931950.jpg?width=320 413 Sergei Bulgakov Q332535 Russian Orthodox Christian theologian, philosopher, priest and economist (1871–1944) Philosopher 1871-06-28 1944-07-13 FRA France RUS 0 39 65.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sbulgakov.jpg?width=320 413 Petr Uspensky Q434266 Russian esotericist (1878–1947) Philosopher 1878-03-17 1947-10-02 USA United States RUS 0 39 65.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ouspensky-kansi-2019.jpg?width=320 413 Harriet Taylor Mill Q240782 British philosopher (1807–1858) Philosopher 1807-10-08 1858-11-03 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 39 65.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harriet%20Mill%20from%20NPG.jpg?width=320 413 Jean-Marie Guyau Q707490 French writer and philosopher (1854-1888) Philosopher 1854-10-28 1888-03-31 FRA France FRA 1 39 64.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Marie%20Guyau.jpg?width=320 413 R. G. Collingwood Q317075 British historian and philosopher (1889–1943) Philosopher 1889-02-22 1943-01-09 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 39 64.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robin%20G.%20Collingwood.jpg?width=320 413 Antonio Rosmini Q337311 Italian philosopher and priest (1797–1855) Philosopher 1797-03-24 1855-07-01 Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia; Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 39 63.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francesco%20Hayez%20(1791-1882)%20Ritratto%20di%20Antonio%20Rosmini%20(1853-1856)%20Galleria%20d'Arte%20Moderna%20di%20Milano.jpg?width=320 413 Alexei Khomyakov Q358497 Russian philosopher (1804-1860) Philosopher 1804-05-13 1860-10-05 Russian Empire RUS 0 39 62.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KhomyakovA%20AvtoportretABR.jpg?width=320 413 Philippa Foot Q297493 English philosopher (1920–2010) Philosopher 1920-10-03 2010-10-03 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 39 61.97 413 Jean Rostand Q287953 French writer (1894–1977) Philosopher 1894-10-30 1977-09-04 FRA France FRA 1 39 59.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RostandJean.jpg?width=320 413 David Chalmers Q366123 Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist Philosopher atheism 1966-04-20 AUS Australia AUS 0 39 56.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20chalmers.jpg?width=320 437 Cratylus Q125247 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher -500 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 38 72.22 437 Uriel da Costa Q347893 Portuguese philosopher (c.1585-1640) Philosopher Western philosophy 1585 1640-04 Dutch Republic; Kingdom of Portugal PRT 0 38 70 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dacosta%20und%20Spinoza.jpg?width=320 437 Crates of Thebes Q317947 Cynic philosopher Philosopher Cynicism -365 -285 GRC Thebes GRC 0 38 69.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crates%20of%20Thebes%20Villa%20Farnesina.jpg?width=320 437 Stilpo Q381048 Greek Megarian school philosopher (c.360–c. 280 BC) Philosopher Megarian school -359 -279 GRC 0 38 69.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stilpo%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320 437 Damascius Q315360 6th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher Neoplatonism 0480 0550 Sasanian Empire; Byzantine Empire SYR 1 38 68.64 437 Ágnes Heller Q235125 Hungarian philosopher and academic Philosopher Budapest School 1929-05-12 2019-07-19 HUN Hungary HUN 0 38 68.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%81gnes%20Heller%20G%C3%B6teborg%20Book%20Fair%202015.jpg?width=320 437 Carl Gustav Hempel Q61885 German philosopher (1905–1997) Philosopher 1905-01-08 1997-11-09 Germany; United States DEU 1 38 68.26 437 Eudemus of Rhodes Q358482 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher peripatetic school -350 -290 GRC Rhodes GRC 0 38 67.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eudemos%20von%20Rhodos.jpg?width=320 437 Chantal Mouffe Q236173 Belgian post-marxist political theorist (born 1943) Philosopher 1943-06-17 BEL Belgium BEL 0 38 67.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chantal%20Mouffe%202013.jpg?width=320 437 Ernesto Laclau Q454802 Argentine philosopher and political theorist (1935-2014) Philosopher 1935-10-06 2014-04-13 ARG Argentina ARG 0 38 67.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Presentaci%C3%B3n%20del%20Documental%20CATASTROIKA%20y%20Presentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20Revista%20Debates%20y%20Combates%20(7215329954).jpg?width=320 437 Michel Serres Q364456 French philosopher and historian of science (1930–2019) Philosopher 1930-09-01 2019-06-01 FRA France FRA 0 38 65.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/16%20Michel%20Serres%20librairie%20Dialogues%2030%20octobre%202014.JPG?width=320 437 Silvia Federici Q597248 Italian American scholar, teacher, and feminist activist Philosopher 1942-04-24 Italy; United States ITA 1 38 64.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La%20escritora%20y%20activista%20feminista%20Silvia%20Federici%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 437 Nezahualcóyotl Q379964 ruler of Texcoco Philosopher 1402-05-05 1472-06-13 Texcoco MEX 0 38 63.82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nezahualcoyotl.jpg?width=320 437 Alvin Plantinga Q355201 American Christian philosopher Philosopher Western philosophy 1932-11-15 USA United States USA 2 38 62.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlvinPlantinga.JPG?width=320 437 Abhinavagupta Q320619 Indian philosopher and writer (c.950–1016) Philosopher 0950 1020 0 38 62.07 437 Anandamayi Ma Q433594 Hindu Guru (1896–1982) Philosopher 1896-04-30 1982-08-27 IND India BGD 0 38 60.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ma%20Anandamayi.jpg?width=320 437 Nick Bostrom Q460475 Swedish philosopher (born 1973) Philosopher 1973-03-10 SWE Sweden SWE 1 38 55.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prof%20Nick%20Bostrom%20324-1.jpg?width=320 454 Pat Robertson Q364990 American media mogul and minister (1930–2023) Philosopher 1930-03-22 2023-06-08 USA United States USA 0 37 71.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pat%20Robertson%20Paparazzo%20Photography.jpg?width=320 454 Hans Jonas Q57255 German philosopher (1903–1993) Philosopher 1903-05-10 1993-02-05 DEU Germany DEU 2 37 71.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Jonas%20an%20der%20Universit%C3%A4t%20St.%20Gallen%20(1983)%20HSGH%20022-001945%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 454 Speusippus Q325955 4th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher Platonism -407 -339 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 37 71.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Speusippus%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320 454 Antoine Arnauld Q353887 French theologian, philosopher, mathematician (1612-1694) Philosopher 1612-02-16 1694-08-08 Kingdom of France FRA 4 37 68.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoine%20Arnauld4.jpg?width=320 454 Nicephorus Gregoras Q372109 Byzantine astronomer and scholar Philosopher 1295 1360 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 37 68.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GregorasNic.jpg?width=320 454 Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples Q356513 French theologian and humanist (1450 ca.-1536/1538) Philosopher 1450 1536-03 Kingdom of France FRA 0 37 67.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FaberStapulensis.jpg?width=320 454 Guillaume Budé Q353668 French scholar, humanist and administrator (1467-1540) Philosopher 1467-02-04 1540-09-01 Kingdom of France FRA 7 37 66.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guillaume%20Bud%C3%A9%20by%20Jean%20Clouet.jpg?width=320 454 Ludwig Büchner Q62831 German philosopher and scientist (1824-1899) Philosopher atheism; scientific materialism; freethought 1824-03-29 1899-05-01 Grand Duchy of Hesse DEU 0 37 65.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20B%C3%BCchner.jpg?width=320 454 James Ussher Q333481 Archbishop of Armagh (1581-1656) Philosopher 1581-01-14 1656-03-21 Kingdom of Ireland IRL 1 37 65.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Ussher%20by%20Sir%20Peter%20Lely.jpg?width=320 454 Paul Grice Q311776 British philosopher Philosopher 1913-03-13 1988-08-28 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 37 65.27 454 Philipp Mainländer Q76177 German poet and philosopher (1841–1876) Philosopher 1841 1876-04-01 Grand Duchy of Hesse DEU 1 37 65.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philipp%20Mainlaender.png?width=320 454 David Hartley Q379902 British philosopher Philosopher 1705-07-02 1757-08-28 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 0 37 64.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20D.%20Hartley%2C%2017thC%20Wellcome%20L0002618.jpg?width=320 454 Jacques Ellul Q322922 French sociologist, technology critic, and Christian anarchist Philosopher degrowth; personalism 1912-01-06 1994-05-19 FRA France FRA 7 37 64.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jacques%20Ellul%2C%201990%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 454 Michael Walzer Q445511 American philosopher (born 1935) Philosopher 1935-03-03 USA United States USA 2 37 63.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MichaelWalzer-USNA-Lecture.jpg?width=320 454 Michael Dummett Q342646 British philosopher (1925–2011) Philosopher 1925-06-27 2011-12-27 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 37 63.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Dummett%20September%202004.jpg?width=320 454 Mario Bunge Q708853 Argentine-Canadian philosopher (1919-2020) Philosopher 1919-09-21 2020-02-25 Argentina; Canada ARG 0 37 63.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MarioBungesmall.jpg?width=320 454 Jerry Fodor Q319186 American philosopher (1935–2017) Philosopher 1935-04-22 2017-11-29 USA United States USA 0 37 62.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jerry%20Fodor.jpg?width=320 454 F. H. Bradley Q350236 British philosopher (1846–1924) Philosopher 1846-01-30 1924-09-18 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 37 62.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/F.H.%20Bradley.png?width=320 454 Thomas Arnold Q887226 English educator and historian, headmaster of Rugby School (1795-1842) Philosopher 1795-06-13 1842-06-12 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 37 58.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Arnold%20by%20Thomas%20Phillips.jpg?width=320 454 Abraham Joshua Heschel Q215833 Polish-American rabbi, philosopher, and civil rights activist (1907-1972) Philosopher 1907-01-11 1972-12-23 Poland; United States POL 1 37 58.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heschel2.jpg?width=320 454 Amos Bronson Alcott Q474235 American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer (1799-1888) Philosopher transcendentalism 1799-11-29 1888-03-04 USA United States USA 0 37 55.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronson%20Alcott%20from%20NYPL%20gallery.jpg?width=320 475 Donald Davidson Q311772 American philosopher (1917–2003) Philosopher 1917-03-06 2003-08-30 USA United States USA 0 36 72.02 475 Andronicus of Rhodes Q352988 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher peripatetic school -100 -60 GRC 0 36 71.28 475 Roscellinus Q297435 French philosopher Philosopher 1050 1121 Kingdom of France FRA 0 36 70.57 475 Abu Yusuf Q220697 Arab Muslim Scholar and jurist (died 798) Philosopher 0731 0798 IRQ 3 36 70.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81.png?width=320 475 Ari Þorgilsson Q355194 Icelandic writer Philosopher 1067 1148-11-16 ISL Iceland ISL 1 36 70.13 475 Hipparchia of Maroneia Q235494 Cynic philosopher Philosopher Cynicism -350 -280 GRC 0 36 70.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hipparchia%20of%20Maroneia%20Villa%20Farnesina.jpg?width=320 475 Nicolai Hartmann Q76501 German philosopher (1882–1950) Philosopher 1882-02-20 1950-10-09 DEU Germany LVA 1 36 69.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NicolaiHartmann-0-225x300.png?width=320 475 Hunayn ibn Ishaq Q503130 Arab physician, translator, and scholar of the Abbasid era. Philosopher 0808 0873 Abbasid Caliphate IRQ 0 36 69.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hunayn%20ibn-Ishaq%20al-'Ibadi%20Isagoge.jpg?width=320 475 Nahmanides Q355455 13th century Catalonian rabbi and scholar Philosopher 1194 1270 Crown of Aragon ESP 6 36 69.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nahmanides%20painting.jpg?width=320 475 Julius Caesar Scaliger Q441066 Italian scholar, physician and philosopher (1484-1558) Philosopher 1484-05-02 1558-10-31 ITA 0 36 69.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julius%20Caesar%20Scaliger%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 475 Alexandre Koyré Q319243 French philosopher (1892–1964) Philosopher 1892-08-29 1964-04-28 FRA France RUS 0 36 68.96 475 Michael Sandel Q381044 American political philosopher Philosopher 1953-03-05 USA United States USA 2 36 67.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2023-08-07%20Michael%20Sandel%20no%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%202023%20em%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20(53103759044)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 475 Antiochus of Ascalon Q320042 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Platonism -127 -68 Hasmonean dynasty ISR 0 36 67.55 475 John of Salisbury Q264028 English philosopher and theologian (ca 1115-1180) Philosopher 1110 1180-11-01 Kingdom of England GBR 8 36 67.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Policraticon%20de%20Jean%20de%20Salisbury%20-%20BSG%20Ms1145%20f3r%20(Jean%20de%20Salisbury%20enseignant).jpeg?width=320 475 Rodolphus Agricola Q365557 Dutch humanist (1443-1485) Philosopher 1444-02-26 1485-11-06 Habsburg Netherlands NLD 0 36 67.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Agricola%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 475 Dhu'l-Nun al-Misri Q981803 Sufi saint Philosopher 0796 0860 Medieval Egypt EGY 0 36 67.23 475 Themistius Q365183 Roman statesman, rhetorician and philosopher (317–c.388) Philosopher 0317 0388 Ancient Rome TUR 0 36 67.08 475 Philodemus Q451550 1st-century BC Greek Epicurean philosopher and poet Philosopher Epicureanism -110 -35 JOR 0 36 66.78 475 Kenneth Waltz Q356069 American political scientist and international relations theoretician (1924-2013) Philosopher 1924-06-08 2013-05-12 USA United States USA 0 36 66.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%86.jpg?width=320 475 Gianni Vattimo Q159648 Italian philosopher and politician (1936–2023) Philosopher 1936-01-04 2023-09-19 ITA Italy ITA 1 36 65.61 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gianni%20Vattimo%20-%20Participante%20del%20Foro%20Internacional%20por%20la%20Emancipaci%C3%B3n%20y%20la%20Igualdad%20(16106465993).jpg?width=320 475 Nancy Fraser Q267536 American philosopher Philosopher 1947-05-20 USA United States USA 0 36 64.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nancy%20Fraser%20YT.webp?width=320 475 Uthman Dan Fodio Q380452 founder of the Sokoto Caliphate Philosopher 1754-12-15 1817-04-20 Sokoto Caliphate NGA 0 36 64.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Usman%20Ibn%20Fodio%20Calligraphy%2002.png?width=320 475 Nicola Abbagnano Q315251 Italian existential philosopher (1901-1990) Philosopher 1901-07-15 1990-09-09 ITA Italy ITA 0 36 64.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicola%20Abbagnano%20(1901-1990).png?width=320 475 Arne Næss Q335152 Norwegian philosopher and mountain climber (1912-2009) Philosopher 1912-01-27 2009-01-12 NOR Norway NOR 0 36 64.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arne%20N%C3%A6ss%2C%202003%20(cropped)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 475 Pyotr Lavrov Q337628 Russian academic (1823–1900) Philosopher Russian philosophy 1823-06-14 1900-02-06 FRA France RUS 1 36 63.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/P%20L%20Lavrov%20old.jpg?width=320 475 Johan Vilhelm Snellman Q127688 Finnish politician and author (1806-1881) Philosopher 1806-05-12 1881-07-04 Russian Empire; Grand Duchy of Finland SWE 0 36 63.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RAUHALA(1921)%20p029%20J.W.%20Snellman%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 475 André Glucksmann Q362349 French philosopher (1937–2015) Philosopher 1937-06-19 2015-11-10 FRA France FRA 0 36 63.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andre%20Glucksmann2.jpg?width=320 475 Mark Fisher Q20740852 British cultural theorist (1968-2017) Philosopher 1968-07-11 2017-01-13 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 36 62.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mark%20fisher.jpg?width=320 475 Raymond Williams Q394628 Welsh scholar, author, and Marxist literary critic (1921–1988) Philosopher Western Marxism 1921-08-31 1988-01-26 GBR United Kingdom GBR 3 36 60.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raymond%20Williams%20At%20Saffron%20Walden.jpg?width=320 504 Vasiṣṭha Q241900 ancient Indian sage Philosopher -2000 -2000 0 35 73.76 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vasistha%20summons%20Sabala%2C%20the%20cow%20of%20abundance%2C%20to%20provide%20for%20a%20feast.jpg?width=320 504 Josef Breuer Q84430 Austrian physician (1842-1925) Philosopher 1842-01-15 1925-06-20 AUT Austria AUT 0 35 72.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jozef%20Breuer%2C%201877.jpg?width=320 504 Epimenides of Crete Q319406 7th/6th-century BC Greek seer, philosopher, and poet Philosopher -690 -600 GRC 0 35 71.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epimenides-poet.jpg?width=320 504 Arnaldus de Villa Nova Q356568 physician and alchemist of Kingdom of Valencia Philosopher 1258 1311 Crown of Aragon ESP 10 35 70.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnaldus%20de%20Villanova.jpg?width=320 504 Asanga Q379905 4th century Indian Mahayana Buddhist scholar Philosopher 0300 0301 PAK 0 35 69.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Asanga.JPG?width=320 504 Pierre d'Ailly Q318580 French theologian and astrologer (1351–1420) Philosopher 1350 1420-08-18 FRA France FRA 13 35 68.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20de%20Franse%20kardinaal%20Pierre%20d'Ailly%20Annes%20Card.%20D'Alli%20(titel%20op%20object)%20Portretten%20van%20kardinalen%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1910-4515.jpg?width=320 504 Jacques Rancière Q467470 French philosopher (1940–) Philosopher post-Marxism 1940-06-10 FRA France DZA 4 35 68.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ranciere.jpg?width=320 504 Mulla Sadra Q2010955 17th-century Iranian Shia philosopher and theologian Philosopher 1571 1641 Safavid Iran IRN 0 35 68.03 504 Dong Zhongshu Q445626 Premier Confucian scholar, philosopher, and official during the Western Han Philosopher Chinese philosophy -179 -104 Western Han CHN 1 35 67.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dong%20zhongshu.jpg?width=320 504 Timon of Phlius Q280872 Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher (c.320–c.235 BC) Philosopher skepticism -320 -230 GRC Phlius GRC 1 35 67.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Timon%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320 504 Alain of Lille Q4313 French theologian and poet (died 1202) Philosopher 1115 1203-01-05 Kingdom of France FRA 14 35 67.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alanus%20de%20Insulis%20(Alain%20de%20Lille).%20Woodcut.%20Wellcome%20V0000079.jpg?width=320 504 Henry Suso Q303435 German Dominican friar and mystic Philosopher 1295-03-21 1366-02-02 DEU Germany DEU 8 35 67.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heinrich%20v%20Berg.jpg?width=320 504 John N. Gray Q522440 British political philosopher (born 1948) Philosopher 1948-04-17 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 35 66.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brainwash%20Festival%202015%20-%20John%20Gray%20(3).jpg?width=320 504 Priscian Q356433 6th-century Latin grammarian Philosopher 0500 0600 Ancient Rome DZA 1 35 66.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priscianus%20della%20Robbia%20OPA%20Florence.jpg?width=320 504 Petrus Ramus Q376124 French philosopher Philosopher 1515 1572-09-05 Kingdom of France FRA 0 35 66.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Pierre%20de%20La%20Ram%C3%A9e%20Petrus%20Ramus%20math.%20pro%20reg.%20(titel%20op%20object)%20Serie%20portretten%20van%20vijftiende-%20en%20zestiende-eeuwse%20geleerden%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1910-4265%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 504 Hasdai Crescas Q528415 Spanish Jewish philosopher and teacher (c.1340–1410/11) Philosopher 1340 1410 Crown of Aragon ESP 1 35 66.51 504 Georgios Pachymeres Q318365 Byzantine scholar (1242–1310) Philosopher 1242 1310 Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine Empire TUR 0 35 66.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgius%20Pachymeres.jpg?width=320 504 Valentinus Q309864 Egyptian gnostic theologian (c.100–c. 160) Philosopher 0100 0160 EGY 0 35 66.01 504 Annemarie Schimmel Q75860 German scholar of Islam (1922-2003) Philosopher 1922-04-07 2003-01-26 DEU Germany DEU 0 35 65.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schimmel%20bonngasse.jpg?width=320 504 John Austin Q60837 legal philosopher; (1790-1859) Philosopher 1790-03-03 1859-12-01 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 35 64.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Austin%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 504 Abraham Isaac Kook Q330110 chief rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine (1865-1935) Philosopher 1865-09-07 1935-09-01 Ottoman Empire; Mandatory Palestine; Russian Empire LVA 6 35 64.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Avraham%20Issac%20Kook%20portrait%20cropped.JPG?width=320 504 Frithjof Schuon Q123382 Swiss philosopher, poet and painter (1907-1998) Philosopher Traditionalist School; perennial philosophy 1907-06-18 1998-05-05 CHE Switzerland CHE 5 35 63.76 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frithjof-Schuon-circa-1980.jpg?width=320 504 Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov Q463723 Russian philosopher and life extensionist (1829-1903) Philosopher 1829-06-07 1903-12-28 Russian Empire RUS 0 35 62.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pasternak%20fedorov.jpg?width=320 504 Jean Vanier Q545644 Canadian humanitarian, Catholic philosopher, and theologian (1928–2019) Philosopher 1928-09-10 2019-05-07 France; Canada CHE 0 35 62.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Vanier%20(2012%2C%20cropped).jpg?width=320 504 Thiruvalluvar Q2353373 Tamil poet and philosopher Philosopher 0350 0351 Chola dynasty IND 0 35 62.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thiruvalluvar%201960%20stamp%20of%20India.jpg?width=320 504 Gaudapada Q1771062 Vedanta philosopher, Hinduism Philosopher 0550 0 35 60.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shri%20Gaudapadacharya%20Statue.jpg?width=320 504 Susanne Langer Q466026 American philosopher (1895–1985) Philosopher 1895-12-20 1985-07-17 USA United States USA 0 35 60.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susanne%20Langer%201925.jpg?width=320 504 Fernando Savater Q317512 Spanish philosophy professor and author Philosopher 1947-06-21 ESP Spain ESP 2 35 58.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fernando%20Savater%20by%20Gonzalo%20Merat.jpg?width=320 504 Alexander Tarasov Q620732 Russian academic and politician Philosopher 1958-03-08 RUS Russia 0 35 53.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tarasov.jpg?width=320 533 Jerome of Prague Q434550 Czech philosopher Philosopher 1380 1416-06-08 CZE 0 34 71.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Hi%C3%ABronymus%20van%20Praag%20Beroemde%20hervormers%20(serietitel)%20Icones%20virorum%20nostra%20patrumq.%20memoria%20illustrium%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1908-3864.jpg?width=320 533 Heinrich Rickert Q77012 German philosopher (1863-1936) Philosopher 1863-05-25 1936-07-25 DEU Germany POL 0 34 68.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heinrich%20Rickert.jpg?width=320 533 Francesco Patrizi Q435300 Venetian philosopher and scientist (1529-1597) Philosopher 1529-05-05 1597-02-06 Republic of Venice HRV 12 34 68.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frane%20Petric.jpg?width=320 533 Antoine Destutt de Tracy Q351691 French philosopher (1754-1836) Philosopher 1754-07-20 1836-03-09 FRA France FRA 0 34 68.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoine-Louis-Claude%20Destutt%20de%20Tracy.png?width=320 533 Thomas Cajetan Q435853 Catholic cardinal Philosopher 1469-03-01 1534-08-19 ITA 0 34 67.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Cajetan%20Kupferstich.jpg?width=320 533 Shah Waliullah Dehlawi Q392835 Indian muslim scholar Philosopher 1703-02-21 1762-08-20 Mughal Empire IND 2 34 67.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shah%20Waliullah%20Name.svg?width=320 533 Ge Hong Q553678 4th century Chinese scholar and philosopher Philosopher 0284 0364 Eastern Jin dynasty CHN 3 34 67.24 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA.jpg?width=320 533 Brunetto Latini Q366328 Italian scholar and statesman, c. 1220–1294 Philosopher 1220 1294 Republic of Florence ITA 4 34 67.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brunetto%20latini.jpg?width=320 533 H. L. A. Hart Q374834 English legal philosopher (1907–1992) Philosopher analytic philosophy 1907-07-18 1992-12-19 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 34 66.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/H.L.A.Hart.jpg?width=320 533 Ernst Troeltsch Q60285 German philosopher and theologian (1865-1923) Philosopher 1865-02-17 1923-02-01 DEU Germany DEU 0 34 66.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ErnstTroeltsch.jpg?width=320 533 Anania Shirakatsi Q471769 Armenian scientist Philosopher 0610 0685 ARM 1 34 66.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Interiero%20de%20Matenadaran%2003.jpg?width=320 533 Manuel Chrysoloras Q434356 Byzantine Greek scholar, diplomat, and professor (c. 1350–1415) Philosopher 1350 1415-09-24 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 34 65.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manuel%20Chrysoloras%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 533 Pierre Charron Q463846 French theologian and philosopher Philosopher humanism 1541 1603-11-16 FRA France FRA 0 34 64.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CharronDet.jpg?width=320 533 Yves Bonnefoy Q250136 French poet, essayist, translator (1923–2016) Philosopher 1923-06-24 2016-07-01 FRA France FRA 0 34 64.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yves%20Bonnefoy%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 533 Feofan Prokopovich Q348899 Ukrainian theologian, writer, poet, mathematician, and philosopher, archbishop in the Tsardom of Russia (1681-1736) Philosopher 1681-06-18 1736-09-19 Tsardom of Russia UKR 0 34 63.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feofan%20Prokopovich.jpg?width=320 533 Kitarō Nishida Q45125 Japanese philosopher (1870–1945) Philosopher Kyoto School 1870-05-19 1945-06-07 JPN Japan JPN 2 34 62.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait-of-Kitaro-Nishida.png?width=320 533 William Paley Q433739 Christian apologist, natural theologian, utilitarian; (1743-1805) Philosopher 1743-07-14 1805-05-25 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 34 62.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Paley%20by%20George%20Romney.jpg?width=320 533 Mykola Amosov Q670987 Ukrainian soviet and Ukrainian surgeon (1913–2002) Philosopher 1913-12-19 2002-12-12 UKR Ukraine RUS 0 34 61.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nikolai%20Amosov%20-%20Soviet%20Life%2C%20October%201984.jpg?width=320 533 Bernard Williams Q345641 English moral philosopher (1929–2003) Philosopher Western philosophy 1929-09-21 2003-06-10 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 34 61.68 533 Lucian Blaga Q381256 Romanian writer (1895–1961) Philosopher 1895-05-09 1961-05-06 Austria–Hungary; Kingdom of Romania; Romanian People's Republic ROU 0 34 61.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucian%20Blaga%20(1).jpg?width=320 533 Ted Nelson Q62852 American information technologist, philosopher, and sociologist Philosopher 1937-06-17 USA United States USA 5 34 60.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ted%20Nelson%20cropped.jpg?width=320 533 Northrop Frye Q354256 Canadian literary critic and literary theorist (1912–1991) Philosopher 1912-07-14 1991-01-23 CAN Canada CAN 2 34 59.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Northrop%20Frye%20statue.JPG?width=320 533 Lysander Spooner Q538091 American political philosopher, essayist, pamphlet writer, Unitarian, abolitionist, individualist anarchist, legal theorist, a member of the socialist First International and entrepreneur of the 19th century (1808–1887) Philosopher 1808-01-19 1887-05-14 USA United States USA 1 34 58.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LysanderSpooner.jpg?width=320 533 Amina Wadud Q265133 American Islamic scholar Philosopher black feminism 1952-09-25 United States; Malaysia USA 0 34 57.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amina%20Wadud.jpg?width=320 557 Justus Lipsius Q315871 Flemish philologist, philosopher and legal scholar (1547-1606) Philosopher humanism; stoicism 1547-10-28 1606-03-23 Spanish Netherlands BEL 2 33 69.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Justus%20Lipsius%20by%20Peter%20Paul%20Rubens.jpg?width=320 557 Pompeia Plotina Q239448 Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Trajan Philosopher 0065 0121 Ancient Rome ESP 0 33 69.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Head%20Roman%20woman%20Glyptothek%20Munich%20405.jpg?width=320 557 Maurice Halbwachs Q326000 French sociologist (1877-1945), died in Buchenwald concentration camp Philosopher 1877-03-11 1945-03-16 FRA France FRA 0 33 69.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Maurice%20Halbwachs.jpg?width=320 557 Thrasymachus Q320955 5th-century BC Greek sophist Philosopher -459 -399 TUR 0 33 68.69 557 Philo of Larissa Q365110 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Platonism -159 -84 GRC 0 33 68.58 557 Haji Bektash Veli Q469865 Anatolian Muslim mystic (1209–1271) Philosopher Neoplatonism 1209 1271 IRN 0 33 68.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%20%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%20-%20%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%20(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0).jpg?width=320 557 Vincent of Beauvais Q455162 13th century French encyclopedist Philosopher 1190 1264 Kingdom of France FRA 16 33 67.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vincent%20de%20Beauvais.jpg?width=320 557 Franz Rosenzweig Q76710 German Jewish theologian and philosopher (1886–1929) Philosopher 1886-12-25 1929-12-10 DEU Germany DEU 1 33 67.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Rosenzweig.jpg?width=320 557 Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri Q289517 Italian Jesuit and mathematician Philosopher 1667-09 1733-10-25 Republic of Genoa ITA 0 33 66.77 557 Yi I Q379653 Joseon civil servant & Neo-Confucianist (1536 – 1584) Philosopher 1536-12-26 1584 Joseon KOR 0 33 66.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20151003%EC%B5%9C%EA%B4%91%EB%AA%A8RX10DSC03013.JPG?width=320 557 Homi K. Bhabha Q325741 Indian critical theorist (born 1949) Philosopher 1949 IND India IND 0 33 66.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Homi%20K.%20Bhabha-cropd.jpg?width=320 557 Nelson Goodman Q318048 American philosopher (1906–1998) Philosopher 1906-08-07 1998-11-25 USA United States USA 0 33 66.13 557 Ahmad Sirhindi Q2493613 Philosopher (1564-1624) Philosopher 1564-07-06 1624 Mughal Empire IND 0 33 65.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sirhindi1.png?width=320 557 Carl Stumpf Q57497 German philosopher (1848–1936) Philosopher 1848-04-21 1936-12-25 DEU Germany DEU 0 33 65.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carlstumpf.jpg?width=320 557 Hans Vaihinger Q76518 German philosopher (1852–1933) Philosopher fictionalism; materialism; as if 1852-09-25 1933-12-18 DEU Germany DEU 0 33 65.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Vaihinger.jpg?width=320 557 Gaetano Mosca Q351527 Italian political scientist and journalist (1858–1941) Philosopher 1858-04-01 1941-11-08 Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 33 64.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gaetano%20Mosca.gif?width=320 557 Byung-Chul Han Q495875 German philosopher of South Korean origin Philosopher 1959 KOR South Korea KOR 0 33 64.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2015%20Byung-Chul%20Han%20(cropped)2.jpg?width=320 557 Constantin von Tischendorf Q76743 German theologian and biblical scholar (1815-1874) Philosopher 1815-01-18 1874-12-07 Kingdom of Saxony DEU 0 33 64.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tischendorf%20um%201870.jpg?width=320 557 André Gorz Q84352 Austrian born French philosopher and journalist (1923-2007) Philosopher degrowth; environmentalism; green anarchism 1923-02-09 2007-09-22 France; Austria AUT 3 33 64.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dorine%20et%20G%C3%A9rard%20Horst%2C%20alias%20Andr%C3%A9%20Gorz.jpg?width=320 557 Jaakko Hintikka Q288756 Finnish philosopher and logician Philosopher analytic philosophy 1929-01-12 2015-08-12 FIN Finland FIN 0 33 63.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaakko%20Hintikka.jpg?width=320 557 P. F. Strawson Q311760 British philosopher (1919–2006) Philosopher 1919-11-23 2006-02-13 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 33 63.27 557 Carl Vogt Q76513 German-Swiss scientist and politician (1817–1895) Philosopher scientific materialism; freethought 1817-07-05 1895-05-05 CHE Switzerland DEU 0 33 63.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vogt1.jpg?width=320 557 Julien Benda Q155270 French essayist and philosopher (1867-1956) Philosopher 1867-12-26 1956-06-07 FRA France FRA 1 33 62.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julien%20Benda.jpg?width=320 557 Hossein Nasr Q471041 Iranian philosopher, theologian and Islamic scholar (born 1933) Philosopher 1933-04-07 IRN Iran IRN 0 33 61.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hossein%20nasr.jpg?width=320 557 Debendranath Tagore Q3020852 Indian philosopher (1817–1905) Philosopher Brahmo Samaj; Bengali Renaissance 1817-05-15 1905-01-19 British Raj IND 0 33 59.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Devendranath%20Tagore%201925.jpg?width=320 557 Mary Whiton Calkins Q988129 American philosopher and psychologist (1863–1930) Philosopher 1863-03-30 1930-02-26 USA United States USA 0 33 57.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Whiton%20Calkins%20face%2C%20undated.jpg?width=320 557 Albert Razin Q67207065 Russian Federation ethnographer and Udmurt language activist Philosopher 1940-06-12 2019-09-10 RUS Russia RUS 0 33 56.76 557 William Lane Craig Q1233528 American Christian apologist and theologian Philosopher 1949-08-23 USA United States USA 0 33 56.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Lane%20Craig.jpg?width=320 557 Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy Q733246 French writer (1618–1693) Philosopher 1618-04-13 1693-04-09 FRA France FRA 0 33 56.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger%20de%20Bussy-Rabutin%20en%20armure%20de%20lieutenant-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20du%20roi%20(bgw17%200152).jpg?width=320 557 Leila Ahmed Q438645 Egyptian-American writer and professor Philosopher 1940-05-29 United States; Egypt EGY 0 33 55.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leila%20Ahmed.jpg?width=320 557 Cornel West Q712469 American philosopher, political activist and writer (born 1953) Philosopher 1953-06-02 USA United States USA 1 33 52.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cornel%20West%20by%20DW%20Nance%205%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 588 Hwang Jini Q464510 Korean gisaeng, poet, dancer and philosopher (1506-1544) Philosopher 1506 1544 Joseon PRK 0 32 68.65 588 Anne Conway Q260404 English philosopher Philosopher 1631-12-14 1679-02-18 Kingdom of England GBR 0 32 68.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Samuel%20van%20Hoogstraten%20-%20Perspective%20View%20with%20a%20Woman%20Reading%20a%20Letter%20-%2066%20-%20Mauritshuis.jpg?width=320 588 Gershom Scholem Q138850 German-Israeli philosopher (1897–1982) Philosopher 1897-12-05 1982-02-21 Germany; Israel DEU 5 32 67.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gershom%20Scholem%201935%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 588 Giulio Cesare Vanini Q553128 Italian philosopher Philosopher pantheism; scholasticism 1585 1619-02-09 ITA 0 32 67.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/6655%20-%20Roma%20-%20Ettore%20Ferrari%2C%20Giulio%20Cesare%20Vanini%20(1889)%20-%20Foto%20Giovanni%20Dall'Orto%2C%206-Apr-2008.jpg?width=320 588 Phaedo of Elis Q380190 4th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher eretrian school -401 -400 GRC 0 32 67.17 588 Nana Asma’u Q1964420 Nigerian princess and poet Philosopher 1793 1864 Sokoto Caliphate NGA 0 32 66.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nana%20Asma'u%20Calligraphy%2003.png?width=320 588 Paul Natorp Q76504 German philosopher and historian (1854–1924) Philosopher Marburg School 1854-01-14 1924-08-17 Kingdom of Prussia; German Reich DEU 0 32 66.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Natorp.jpg?width=320 588 Dicaearchus Q352621 4th-century BC Greek philosopher and geographer Philosopher peripatetic school -345 -285 GRC Classical Athens ITA 1 32 66.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dicearco%20di%20Messina.png?width=320 588 Huiyuan Q1194206 Chinese Buddhist monk (334–416) Philosopher 0334 0416 China CHN 1 32 65.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hui%20Yuan.jpg?width=320 588 Georg Henrik von Wright Q350183 Finland Swedish philosopher, professor and member of the Academy of Finland (1916–2003) Philosopher 1916-06-14 2003-06-16 FIN Finland FIN 0 32 65.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GHvonWright.jpg?width=320 588 Bion of Borysthenes Q359231 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Cynicism -325 -246 UKR 0 32 65.11 588 Yang Zhu Q469931 Chinese founder of Yangist philosophy (440–c.360 BC) Philosopher -369 -318 Wei 0 32 64.82 588 Maximus Planudes Q218672 Byzantine anthologist, translator Philosopher 1260 1305 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 32 64.31 588 Stein Rokkan Q319704 Norwegian political scientist Philosopher 1921-07-04 1979-07-22 NOR Norway NOR 0 32 63.89 588 Dharmakirti Q457990 Indian Buddhist philosopher (fl.c.600–670) Philosopher 0600 0660 IDN 0 32 63.61 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dharmakirti.gif?width=320 588 Paul Nizan Q723621 French philosopher, politician, writer (1905-1940) Philosopher 1905-02-07 1940-05-23 FRA France FRA 0 32 63.61 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nizanpaul.jpg?width=320 588 Charles Bernard Renouvier Q220856 French philosopher Philosopher freethought; critical philosophy 1815-01-01 1903-09-01 FRA France FRA 0 32 63.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charles%20Renouvier.png?width=320 588 Edvard Westermarck Q722835 Finnish academic (1862–1939) Philosopher 1862-11-20 1939-09-03 FIN Finland FIN 0 32 63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward%20westermarck.jpg?width=320 588 Ferdinand Christian Baur Q60749 German theologian (1792–1860) Philosopher 1792-06-21 1860-12-02 Kingdom of Württemberg DEU 0 32 62.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FerdinandChristianBaur.jpg?width=320 588 Daisaku Ikeda Q467395 Japanese Buddhist leader (1928–2023) Philosopher 1928-01-02 2023-11-15 JPN Japan JPN 0 32 62.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DaisakuIkedaTokyoMay2010.jpg?width=320 588 Vincenzo Gioberti Q378706 Italian philosopher and politician (1801-1852) Philosopher 1801-04-05 1852-10-26 Kingdom of Sardinia ITA 0 32 61.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ritratto%20di%20Vincenzo%20Gioberti%2C%20seconda%20met%C3%A0%20XVIII%20sec.%20-%20Accademia%20delle%20Scienze%20di%20Torino%20-%20Ritratti%200065%20B.jpg?width=320 588 Derek Parfit Q962160 British philosopher (1942–2017) Philosopher 1942-12-11 2017-01-01 GBR United Kingdom CHN 0 32 59.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Derek%20Parfit%20at%20Harvard-April%2021%2C%202015-Effective%20Altruism%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 588 Michael Oakeshott Q959541 British philosopher (1901-1990) Philosopher 1901-12-11 1990-12-19 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 32 58.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Oakeshott.jpg?width=320 588 Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke Q332470 English politician and Viscount (1678-1751) Philosopher 1678-09-16 1751-12-23 Kingdom of Great Britain; Kingdom of England GBR 0 32 58.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20St%20John%2C%201st%20Viscount%20Bolingbroke%20(1678-1751).jpg?width=320 612 Gennadius Scholarius Q381211 Patriarch of Constantinople Philosopher 1400 1473 Ottoman Empire; Byzantine Empire TUR 0 31 70.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gennadios%20II%20Sholarios.jpg?width=320 612 Yajnavalkya Q1423663 One of the Great Sages of Vedic India Philosopher -700 0 31 68.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yajnavalkya%20and%20Janaka.jpg?width=320 612 Zhiyi Q197778 Chinese Buddhist monk and founder of Tiantai tradition (538–597) Philosopher 0538 0597 China CHN 1 31 67.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sramana%20Zhiyi.jpeg?width=320 612 Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach Q61929 German legal scholar (1775-1833) Philosopher 1775-11-14 1833-05-29 Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach DEU 0 31 67.14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anselm%20von%20Feuerbach.jpg?width=320 612 Hegesias of Cyrene Q437876 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher -400 -300 LBY 0 31 67.07 612 Anaxarchus Q366031 4th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher Pre-Socratic philosophy; atomism -380 -320 GRC 0 31 65.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaxarchus%20Abderites%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 612 Ammonius Hermiae Q123147 5th-century Greek philosopher Philosopher 0435 0517 Byzantine Empire EGY 0 31 65.51 612 Karl Leonhard Reinhold Q112258 Austrian philosopher Philosopher German idealism 1757-10-26 1823-04-10 Austrian Empire AUT 0 31 65.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Leonhard%20Reinhold.jpg?width=320 612 Zhou Dunyi Q197962 Chinese cosmologist, philosopher and writer (1017–1073) Philosopher 1017 1073 Song dynasty; Northern Song dynasty CHN 0 31 65.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%88%91%E5%91%A8%E6%95%A6%E9%A2%90.jpg?width=320 612 Karl Korsch Q60208 German politician (1886-1961) Philosopher continental philosophy 1886-08-15 1961-10-21 DEU Germany DEU 1 31 65.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Korsch-karl.jpg?width=320 612 Alfred Schmidt Q215896 German philosopher and social scientist (1931-2012) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1931-05-19 2012-08-28 DEU Germany DEU 4 31 64.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfredschmidt.jpg?width=320 612 Peter the Iberian Q928092 Georgian saint Philosopher 0411 0491 Kingdom of Iberia 0 31 64.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20the%20Iberian%2C%20Monastery%20of%20the%20Cross.jpg?width=320 612 Friedrich Albert Lange Q61674 German philosopher and sociologist (1828-1875) Philosopher 1828-09-28 1875-11-21 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 1 31 64.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Albert%20Lange.jpg?width=320 612 Antony Flew Q451451 British analytic and evidentialist philosopher (1923-2010) Philosopher 1923-02-11 2010-04-08 GBR United Kingdom GBR 1 31 64.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antony%20flew.jpg?width=320 612 Paul Virilio Q507014 French philosopher (1932–2018) Philosopher 1932-01-04 2018-09-10 FRA France FRA 0 31 63.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Virilio%20Groningen.JPG?width=320 612 Hermann von Keyserling Q60690 Baltic German philosopher (1880–1946) Philosopher 1880-07-20 1946-04-26 DEU Germany EST 0 31 63.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hermann%20Graf%20Keyserling%201919.%20Foto%20von%20Richard%20W%C3%B6rsching%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 612 Vallabha Q2343604 Hindu philosopher and founder of Pushtimarg, a Vaishnav Hindu sect Philosopher 1479 1531 IND India IND 1 31 63.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Vallabhacharyudu.JPG?width=320 612 Mary Parker Follett Q237173 American academic (1868-1933) Philosopher 1868-09-03 1933-12-18 USA United States USA 0 31 63.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Parker%20Follett.jpg?width=320 612 Péter Pázmány Q559828 Hungarian Catholic cardinal, theologian and statesman (1570–1637) Philosopher 1570-10-14 1637-03-19 Kingdom of Hungary ROU 0 31 63.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pazmany%20Peter%20ismeretlen%20mester%20alkotasan.JPG?width=320 612 Henry More Q528802 English philosopher (1614–1687) Philosopher 1614-10-12 1687-09-01 Kingdom of England GBR 0 31 63.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Henry%20More%2C%20RP-P-OB-46.333.jpg?width=320 612 Francesco Algarotti Q439081 Italian philosopher (1712-1764) Philosopher 1712-12-11 1764-05-03 Republic of Venice ITA 0 31 63.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-%C3%89tienne%20Liotard%20-%20Portret%20van%20Graaf%20Francesco%20Algarotti.jpg?width=320 612 Svetozar Marković Q376036 Serbian political activist, literary critic and philosopher (1846-1875) Philosopher 1846-09-09 1875-02-26 Principality of Serbia SRB 0 31 63.02 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Svetozar%20Markovic.jpg?width=320 612 Motoori Norinaga Q384647 Japanese scholar and philosopher (1730–1801) Philosopher 1730-06-21 1801-10-05 JPN Japan JPN 8 31 62.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Motoori%20Norinaga%20self%20portrait.jpg?width=320 612 Mykhailo Drahomanov Q1359722 Ukrainian academic (1841–1895) Philosopher 1841-09-18 1895-06-20 Russian Empire UKR 0 31 62.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mykhailo%20Petrovych%20Drahomanov%2C%201870s.jpg?width=320 612 Kumārila Bhaṭṭa Q774847 Master alchemist who documented rasayana (mercurial processing) and metal purifications. Philosopher 0700 0700 IND 1 31 61.09 612 Jaimini Q2758596 ancient Indian rishi (sage) Philosopher -390 IND 0 31 60.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaimini%20and%20the%20birds.jpg?width=320 612 Vasilij Vasilʹevič Rozanov Q719418 Russian philosopher (1856-1919) Philosopher continental philosophy 1856-05-02 1919-02-05 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic; Russian Empire RUS 0 31 60.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vasily%20Rozanov.jpg?width=320 612 Perry Anderson Q456392 British historian (born 1938) Philosopher 1938-09-11 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 31 59.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Perry%20Anderson%20at%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%20Porto%20Alegre.jpg?width=320 612 Sarada Devi Q3278399 spiritual consort of Ramakrishna (1853–1920) Philosopher 1853-12-22 1920-07-20 British Raj IND 0 31 59.61 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Holy%20mother%20sarada.jpg?width=320 612 R. M. Hare Q471923 British moral philosopher (1919–2002) Philosopher 1919-03-12 2002-01-29 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 31 58.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/R.%20M.%20Hare%20(c.%201988).png?width=320 612 Rambhadracharya Q53619 Hindu religious leader Philosopher 1950-01-14 IND India IND 1 31 57.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jagadguru%20Rambhadracharya.jpg?width=320 612 Josiah Royce Q471260 American philosopher (1855–1916) Philosopher Hegelianism 1855-11-20 1916-09-14 USA United States USA 0 31 57.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Josiah%20Royce.jpeg?width=320 644 Candrakīrti Q456963 Indian Mahayana scholar of the Madhyamaka school Philosopher 0600 0650 IND India IND 0 30 68.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Candrakirti.gif?width=320 644 Archelaus Q343607 5th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher -500 -430 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 30 68.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Achelaus%20Atheniensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320 644 Yi Hwang Q486291 Korean Confucian scholar (1502 -1571) Philosopher 1501 1570 Joseon KOR 0 30 67.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20of%20Yi%20Hwang.jpg?width=320 644 Gautama Q1496313 Vedic sage Philosopher -2000 -2000 0 30 67.46 644 Maine de Biran Q382582 French philosopher (1766-1824) Philosopher 1766-11-29 1824-07-20 FRA France FRA 1 30 66.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie%20Francois%20Pierre%20Gonthier%20Maine%20de%20Biran.%20Photogravure%20Wellcome%20L0023084%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 644 Michel de Certeau Q553887 French Jesuit and scholar (1925–1986) Philosopher 1925-05-17 1986-01-09 FRA France FRA 0 30 66.75 644 Johannes Althusius Q60389 German–Dutch jurist and Calvinist political philosopher and father of modern federalism (1563-1638) Philosopher 1557 1638-08-12 Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg DEU 0 30 66.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JohannesAlthusius.png?width=320 644 Jean-Luc Nancy Q503017 French philosopher (1940–2021) Philosopher phenomenology 1940-07-26 2021-08-23 FRA France FRA 0 30 66.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Luc%20Nancy%2020100328%20Salon%20du%20livre%20de%20Paris%204.jpg?width=320 644 Jean Améry Q15969 Austrian-born essayist and Holocaust survivor (1912-1978) Philosopher 1912-10-31 1978-10-17 AUT Austria AUT 0 30 65.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Am%C3%A9ry%20par%20F%C3%A9lix%20De%20Boeck%201951.jpg?width=320 644 Karl Löwith Q75790 German philosopher (1897-1973) Philosopher 1897-01-09 1973-05-26 DEU Germany DEU 1 30 65.87 644 Jan Patočka Q381720 Czech essayist and philosopher (1907-1977) Philosopher phenomenology 1907-06-01 1977-03-13 Czechoslovakia CZE 0 30 65.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Patocka%201971.jpg?width=320 644 Albertus de Saxonia Q61044 German theologian and philosopher (c.1320-1390) Philosopher 1316 1390-07-16 DEU 0 30 65.47 644 Bardaisan Q354342 Syrian gnostic, scientist, philosopher and poet (154-222) Philosopher 0154-07-10 0222 TUR 0 30 65.1 644 Karl Christian Friedrich Krause Q213585 German philosopher Philosopher 1781-05-06 1832-09-27 Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg DEU 0 30 64.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Christian%20Friedrich%20Krause%20-%20Litographie%20von%20Dragendorff.png?width=320 644 Jean Hyppolite Q540407 French philosopher (1907–1968) Philosopher Postmodernism 1907-01-08 1968-10-26 FRA France FRA 0 30 64.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jeanhyppolitejonzac.jpg?width=320 644 Pietro d'Abano Q313174 Italian physician, philosopher and philologist (ca 1257-1316) Philosopher School of Padua 1250 1316 Republic of Venice ITA 2 30 64.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pietro%20d'Abano.jpg?width=320 644 Metrodorus of Lampsacus Q780259 3rd-century BC Greek Epicurean philosopher Philosopher Epicureanism -331 -278 TUR 0 30 64.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Metrodorus%20Louvre.jpg?width=320 644 Roman Ingarden Q355355 Polish philosopher (1893–1970) Philosopher 1893-02-05 1970-06-14 POL Poland POL 0 30 64.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Witkacy%20Roman%20Ingarden%201937.jpg?width=320 644 Étienne Balibar Q289333 French philosopher Philosopher Marxism 1942-04-23 FRA France FRA 1 30 64.24 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Balibar%20in%20Berkeley%20-2014.jpg?width=320 644 Anton Wilhelm Amo Q595486 Ghanaian-German philosopher Philosopher 1703 1759 Gold Coast GHA 0 30 63.91 644 Ernst Nolte Q65108 German historian and philosopher (1923–2016) Philosopher 1923-01-11 2016-08-18 DEU Germany DEU 1 30 63.77 644 Johann Bernhard Basedow Q60247 German philosopher (1724–1790) Philosopher 1724-09-11 1790-07-25 DEU Hamburg DEU 0 30 63.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PPN663960185%20I.%20B.%20Basedow%20(1740).jpg?width=320 644 Mechthild of Magdeburg Q269687 German mystic Philosopher 1207 1282 DEU Germany 0 30 63.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Merazhofen%20Pfarrkirche%20Chorgest%C3%BChl%20links%20Mechthild.jpg?width=320 644 Eduard Zeller Q61862 German philosopher and theologian (1814-1908) Philosopher 1814-01-22 1908-03-19 Kingdom of Württemberg 0 30 62.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eduard%20Zeller%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 644 Émile Boutroux Q274969 French philosopher and historian (1845–1921) Philosopher 1845-07-28 1921-11-22 FRA France FRA 0 30 62.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Boutroux.jpg?width=320 644 Joseph Dietzgen Q60972 German philosopher (1828-1888) Philosopher 1828-12-09 1888-04-15 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 30 62.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Josef%20Dietzgen%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 644 Nisargadatta Maharaj Q175532 Indian guru (1897-1981) Philosopher 1897-04-17 1981-09-08 IND India IND 0 30 62.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nisargadatta%20Maharaj.jpg?width=320 644 Ludovico Antonio Muratori Q471529 Italian priest, writer, librarian, historian and diplomat Philosopher 1672-10-21 1750-01-23 ITA 0 30 61.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludovico%20Antonio%20Muratori.png?width=320 644 Konstantin Leontiev Q542090 Russian philosopher (1831-1891) Philosopher 1831-01-25 1891-11-24 Russian Empire RUS 0 30 61.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leont'ev.jpg?width=320 644 Alexander Zinoviev Q449538 Russian philosopher and writer (1922–2006) Philosopher continental philosophy 1922-10-29 2006-05-10 RUS Russia RUS 0 30 60.57 644 Patricia Churchland Q242616 Canadian philosopher Philosopher eliminative materialism; humanism; Western philosophy 1943-07-16 United States; Canada CAN 0 30 59.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Patricia%20Churchland%2C%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 644 David Lewis Q384522 American philosopher (1941–2001) Philosopher atheism 1941-09-28 2001-10-14 USA United States USA 0 30 59.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Lewis%20(1962)%20(cropped).webp?width=320 644 Samuel Alexander Q379900 Australian-born British philosopher (1859-1938) Philosopher 1859-01-06 1938-09-13 United Kingdom; Australia AUS 0 30 59.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SamuelAlexander.gif?width=320 644 Olavo de Carvalho Q729048 Brazilian journalist, writer, astrologer, essayist, polemicist, digital influencer and ideologue (1947-2022) Philosopher 1947-04-29 2022-01-24 BRA Brazil BRA 3 30 59.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Olavo%20de%20Carvalho%20em%202019%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 644 Ram Dass Q290536 American spiritual teacher, author and psychologist Philosopher 1931-04-06 2019-12-22 USA United States USA 0 30 58.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ram%20Dass.jpg?width=320 644 Achille Mbembe Q340234 Cameroonian philosopher and political scientist (born 1957) Philosopher postcolonialism 1957-07-27 CMR Cameroon CMR 2 30 58.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Achille%20Mbembe%202.JPG?width=320 644 George Henry Lewes Q1275943 British philosopher (1817-1878) Philosopher 1817-04-18 1878-11-30 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 30 53.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PSM%20V09%20D668%20George%20Henry%20Lewes.jpg?width=320 644 Mary Midgley Q2898525 British philosopher and ethicist (1919–2018) Philosopher 1919-09-13 2018-10-10 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 30 53.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Midgley.JPG?width=320 682 Günther Anders Q60884 German-Austrian philosopher (1902–1992) Philosopher 1902-07-12 1992-12-17 Austria; Germany; United States POL 0 29 69.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/G%C3%BCnther%20Stern%20and%20Hannah%20Arendt%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 682 Siger of Brabant Q355903 Belgian philosopher, c. 1240–1284 Philosopher 1235 1284-11-17 Holy Roman Empire BEL 14 29 68.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Siger%20de%20Brabant.jpg?width=320 682 Theodoros the Atheist Q381765 ancient Greek philosopher (ca. 340–250 BCE) Philosopher Cyrenaics -340 -250 Ptolemaic Kingdom LBY 0 29 67.02 682 Marpa Chokyi Lodro Q379577 Tibetan Buddhist teacher Philosopher 1012 1097 CHN 0 29 65.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marpa%20painting%20Holy%20isle.jpg?width=320 682 Gersonides Q353633 medieval Jewish philosopher Philosopher 1288 1344-04-20 Crown of Aragon; Principality of Orange FRA 0 29 65.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Levi%20ben%20Gerson.jpg?width=320 682 Johannes Bugenhagen Q77260 German theologian (1485-1558) Philosopher German Renaissance 1485-07-03 1558-04-30 DEU Germany POL 0 29 64.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucas%20Cranach%20(I)%20-%20Johannes%20Bugenhagen.jpg?width=320 682 Arthur Coleman Danto Q365129 American art critic and philosopher (1924–2013) Philosopher 1924-01-01 2013-10-25 USA United States USA 0 29 64.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arthur%20Danto%2C%202012.jpg?width=320 682 Alexander of Hales Q457968 English Franciscan theologian and philosopher (c.1185-1245) Philosopher 1185 1245-08-28 Kingdom of England GBR 3 29 64.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexanderofhales.png?width=320 682 Fulbert of Chartres Q529302 French Christian bishop, (960-1028 CE) Philosopher 0960 1028-04-16 Kingdom of France FRA 4 29 63.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fulbert%20de%20Chartres.jpg?width=320 682 Kuno Fischer Q61255 German philosopher (1824–1907) Philosopher 1824-07-23 1907-07-05 Kingdom of Prussia POL 0 29 63.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst%20Kuno%20Berthold%20Fischer%20(HeidICON%203746)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 682 Alexius Meinong Q78600 Austrian philosopher (1853–1920) Philosopher 1853-07-17 1920-11-27 AUT Austria UKR 0 29 62.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexius%20Meinong%201900.jpg?width=320 682 Denis de Rougemont Q123698 Swiss writer (1906-1985) Philosopher 1906-09-08 1985-12-06 CHE Switzerland CHE 0 29 62.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis%20de%20Rougemont%20by%20Erling%20Mandelmann.jpg?width=320 682 Ṛṣabhanātha Q9429 Founder of Jainism and first Tirthankara Philosopher IND 0 29 61.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20of%20lord%20adinath%20bhagwan%20at%20kundalpur.JPG?width=320 682 Franz Xaver von Baader Q76512 German philosopher and theologian (1765-1841) Philosopher 1765-03-27 1841-05-23 Kingdom of Bavaria DEU 0 29 61.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Xaver%20von%20Baader.jpg?width=320 682 Ian Hacking Q188357 Canadian philosopher (1936–2023) Philosopher historical epistemology 1936-02-18 2023-05-10 CAN Canada CAN 0 29 60.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ian%20Hacking%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 682 Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Q469840 Turkish novelist, playwright, and Islamist conspiracy theorist (1904–1983) Philosopher 1904-05-26 1983-05-25 TUR Turkey TUR 0 29 60.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Necip%20Faz%C4%B1l%20K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek%202014-05-04%2010-06%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 682 J. M. E. McTaggart Q463553 British philosopher (1866-1925) Philosopher British idealism 1866-09-03 1925-01-18 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 1 29 59.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JME%20McTaggart.jpg?width=320 682 Azmi Bishara Q313589 Palestinian intellectual, academic, politician, and writer; founder of the Balad Party Philosopher 1956-07-22 ISR Israel ISR 0 29 59.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Azmi%20Bishara%20(00370528).jpg?width=320 682 J. L. Mackie Q713642 Australian philosopher (1917-1981) Philosopher atheism 1917-08-25 1981-12-12 AUS Australia AUS 0 29 57.76 682 Nick Land Q7027450 British philosopher Philosopher accelerationism; neo-reactionary movement 1962-03-14 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 29 55.62 682 Patricia Hill Collins Q465252 African-American scholar Philosopher black feminism; feminist sociology 1948-05-01 USA United States USA 14 29 55.24 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PatriciaHillCollins.jpg?width=320 682 Sara Danius Q4944209 Swedish academic Philosopher 1962-04-05 2019-10-12 SWE Sweden SWE 0 29 53.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sara%20Danius%20-%202016%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 704 Bharadwaja Q690753 one of the revered Vedic sages (maharishi) in Ancient India, who was a renowned scholar, economist and an eminent physician Philosopher -2000 -2000 0 28 67.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bharadwaja.jpg?width=320 704 Gargi Vachaknavi Q2731767 ancient Indian philosopher Philosopher -700 0 28 67.74 704 Jyotirao Phule Q314394 Indian social reformer (1827-1890) Philosopher 1827-04-11 1890-11-28 British Raj IND 0 28 67.24 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mphule.jpg?width=320 704 Eubulides Q461007 4th-century BCE Greek philosopher Philosopher Megarian school -500 -400 TUR 0 28 66.97 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vaticano%202011%20(88)%20Eubulides.JPG?width=320 704 Zhang Daoling Q197172 legendary Han dynasty Chinese Taoist leader, grandfather of Zhang Lu Philosopher 0034 0156 Eastern Han CHN 0 28 66.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhang%20Daoling.jpg?width=320 704 Axel Honneth Q60735 German philosopher Philosopher 1949-07-18 DEU Germany DEU 0 28 66.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Axel%20Honneth%20al%20Magn%C3%A0nim%20(33996599194)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 704 Vittorino da Feltre Q725843 Italian Renaissance-Humanist and teacher Philosopher 1378 1446-02-11 ITA 0 28 65.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giusto%20di%20gand%20e%20pedro%20berruguete%2C%20vittorino%20da%20feltre.jpg?width=320 704 Karl-Otto Apel Q58853 German philosopher (1922–2017) Philosopher 1922-03-15 2017-05-15 DEU Germany DEU 1 28 65.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Koapel.jpg?width=320 704 Salomon Maimon Q465763 Lithuanian Jewish philosopher (1753–1800) Philosopher 1754 1800-11-22 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Russian Empire BLR 0 28 65.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Salomon%20Maimon%20portrait%20(cropped).png?width=320 704 Clitomachus Q466951 2nd-century BC Greek academic skeptic philosopher Philosopher Platonism -187 -110 GRC Classical Athens TUN 0 28 65.41 704 Nikos Poulantzas Q505296 Greek-French philosopher Philosopher continental philosophy; Western Marxism 1936-09-21 1979-10-03 Greece; France GRC 0 28 64.93 704 Vilém Flusser Q215623 Czech philosopher and photographer Philosopher 1920-05-12 1991-11-27 BRA Brazil CZE 0 28 64.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vilem%20Flusser%201940.jpg?width=320 704 Zoilus Q218451 Greek grammarian, philosopher and literary critic (c.400–320 BC) Philosopher Cynicism -400 -320 GRC 0 28 64.73 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zoilus%20zit%20bij%20een%20gedekte%20tafel%20De%20Gustibus%20non%20est%20disputandum%20(titel%20op%20object)%2C%20RP-P-1882-A-6040.jpg?width=320 704 Hermann Samuel Reimarus Q706888 German philosopher Philosopher 1694-12-22 1768-03-01 Holy Roman Empire DEU 0 28 64.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hermann%20Samuel%20Reimarus.jpg?width=320 704 Conrad Celtes Q60625 German Renaissance humanist scholar and poet (1459-1508) Philosopher German Renaissance 1459-02-10 1508-02-14 DEU Germany DEU 1 28 64.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conrad%20celtes.jpg?width=320 704 Eduard Spranger Q61151 German psychologist (1882-1963) Philosopher 1882-06-17 1963-09-17 DEU Germany DEU 0 28 64.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spranger.jpg?width=320 704 Maurice Blondel Q364310 French philosopher (1861-1949) Philosopher 1861-11-02 1949-06-04 FRA France FRA 1 28 64.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maurice%20Blondel.jpg?width=320 704 Ariston of Chios Q646951 ancient Greek stoic philosopher Philosopher stoicism -300 -300 GRC 0 28 64.22 704 Stephen Toulmin Q472676 English philosopher (1922–2009) Philosopher 1922-03-25 2009-12-04 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 28 63.07 704 Aedesia Q2382393 philosopher (0410-0480) Philosopher Neoplatonism 0500 0500 Byzantine Empire 0 28 63.06 704 Numenius of Apamea Q707344 2nd century Greco-Roman philosopher Philosopher neopythagoreanism 0200 0200 Ancient Rome SYR 0 28 62.99 704 Sarah Kofman Q448427 philosopher from France Philosopher 1934-09-14 1994-10-15 FRA France FRA 0 28 62.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sarah%20Kofman.jpg?width=320 704 Wang Fuzhi Q714374 Chinese essayist, historian and philosopher (1619–1692) Philosopher 1619 1692 Qing dynasty; Ming dynasty CHN 1 28 62.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wang%20Fuzhi.jpg?width=320 704 John Argyropoulos Q26648 Greek lecturer, philosopher and humanist Philosopher 1415 1487-07-05 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 28 62.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Argyropoulos%20(1866).jpg?width=320 704 Wolfhart Pannenberg Q61374 German theologian (1928–2014) Philosopher 1928-10-02 2014-09-04 DEU Germany POL 0 28 62.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20B%20145%20Bild-F065001-0017%2C%20Bonn%2C%20CDU-Friedenskongress%2C%20Pannenberg.jpg?width=320 704 Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller Q819293 German-born British philosopher Philosopher 1864-08-16 1937-08-06 GBR United Kingdom DEU 0 28 62.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/F.%20C.%20S.%20Schiller%2C%201935.jpg?width=320 704 Alcidamas Q444459 4th century BC Greek sophist and rhetorician Philosopher -450 -350 TUR 1 28 62.32 704 Kazimierz Twardowski Q381994 Polish philosopher, psychologist and logician (1866–1938) Philosopher 1866-10-20 1938-02-11 Austria–Hungary; Second Polish Republic AUT 0 28 62.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kazimierz%20Twardowski%201933.jpg?width=320 704 Jean-Luc Marion Q460824 French philosopher (born 1946) Philosopher phenomenology 1946-07-03 FRA France FRA 0 28 61.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Luc%20Marion.png?width=320 704 Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei Q737448 Iranian Shia cleric, philosopher, jurist and mystic Philosopher 1892 1981-11-15 IRN Iran IRN 3 28 61.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad%20Husayn%20Tabataba'i%20-%201940s.jpg?width=320 704 Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg Q61280 German philosopher, philologist, Prussian university professor (1802-1872) Philosopher 1802-11-30 1872-01-24 Grand Duchy of Oldenburg DEU 0 28 61.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Trendelenburg.jpg?width=320 704 Vladimir Jankélévitch Q728489 French philosopher (1903–1985) Philosopher 1903-08-31 1985-06-06 FRA France FRA 0 28 61.7 704 Florian Znaniecki Q599197 Polish sociologist (1882–1958) Philosopher 1882-01-15 1958-03-23 POL Poland POL 0 28 61.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Florian%20Znaniecki%201.jpg?width=320 704 François Bernier Q375438 French physician and traveller Philosopher 1620-09-25 1688-09-22 Kingdom of France 0 28 61.06 704 Ernest Nagel Q553870 American philosopher (1901-1985) Philosopher 1901-11-16 1985-09-20 USA United States SVK 0 28 60.49 704 Arai Hakuseki Q467616 Japanese scholar and official (1657–1725) Philosopher 1657-03-24 1725-06-29 JPN Japan JPN 7 28 60.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arai%20Hakuseki%20-%20Japanischer%20Gelehrter.jpg?width=320 704 Feng Youlan Q557220 Chinese philosopher and historian (1895–1990) Philosopher 1895-12-04 1990-11-26 CHN People's Republic of China CHN 1 28 60.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feng%20Youlan.jpg?width=320 704 Peter Lamborn Wilson Q551377 American political writer, poet, and essayist (1945–2022) Philosopher 1945-10-20 2022-05-22 USA United States USA 2 28 59.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pirate%20Utopias%2C%20autographed.jpg?width=320 704 Jaime Balmes Q2439397 Spanish philosopher (1810–1848) Philosopher 1810-08-28 1848-07-09 ESP Spain ESP 0 28 58.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaime%20Balmes%20(Real%20Academia%20de%20la%20Historia)%2C%20cropped.jpg?width=320 704 Richard Swinburne Q712709 British philosopher of religion Philosopher 1934-12-26 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 28 58.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Swinburne.jpeg?width=320 704 Anna Kingsford Q466175 English physician and social reformer (1846–1888) Philosopher 1846-09-16 1888-02-22 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 1 28 58.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anna%20Kingsford%203.jpg?width=320 704 Samuel Clarke Q381073 English philosopher and clergyman (*1675 – †1729) Philosopher 1675-10-11 1729-05-17 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 0 28 58.53 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rev%20Samuel%20Clarke.jpg?width=320 704 Stanisław Staszic Q708435 Polish philosopher and writer (1755–1826) Philosopher 1755-11-06 1826-01-20 Congress Poland; Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth POL 0 28 58.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Staszic.PNG?width=320 704 Boris Parygin Q116789 Russian academic (1930–2012) Philosopher 1930-06-19 2012-04-09 RUS Russia RUS 3 28 57.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Parygin%20Boris%20D.%202010.JPG?width=320 704 John Scott Haldane Q559029 British physiologist (1860–1936) Philosopher 1860-05-03 1936-03-15 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 28 56.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Scott%20Haldane%201910.jpg?width=320 704 Dugald Stewart Q218254 Scottish philosopher and mathematician Philosopher 1753-11-22 1828-06-11 GBR 0 28 56.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20Raeburn%20(1756-1823)%20-%20Professor%20Dugald%20Stewart%20(1753%E2%80%931828)%2C%20Philosopher%20-%20PG%20821%20-%20National%20Galleries%20of%20Scotland.jpg?width=320 704 Allan Bloom Q948966 American philosopher, classicist, and academician (1930–1992) Philosopher 1930-09-14 1992-10-07 USA United States USA 1 28 56.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/19.%20Internationales%20Management-Gespr%C3%A4ch-Allan%20Bloom-HSGN%20028-00796.jpg?width=320 704 Richard Price Q561101 British philosopher, preacher and mathematician (1723–1791) Philosopher 1723-02-23 1791-04-19 GBR Wales GBR 0 28 54.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr%20Richard%20Price%2C%20DD%2C%20FRS%20-%20Benjamin%20West.jpg?width=320 704 Volker Zotz Q84207 Austrian religious studies scholar Philosopher 1956-10-28 AUT Austria DEU 0 28 54.73 704 Richard Crashaw Q553900 English poet and cleric (c.1613 – 1649) Philosopher 1612 1649-08-21 Kingdom of England GBR 0 28 50.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Crashaw.jpg?width=320 754 Guan Zhong Q457972 Chinese chancellor and reformer (c. 720–645 BC) Philosopher -720 -645 CHN 0 27 68.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qihuangongguanzhong.jpg?width=320 754 Linji Yixuan Q326950 Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (?–866) Philosopher 0850 0866 Tang dynasty CHN 1 27 67.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RinzaiGigen.jpg?width=320 754 Polemon Q553856 Greek philosopher and scholarch (died 270/269 BC) Philosopher Platonism -400 -270 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 27 65.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuremberg%20chronicles%20-%20f%20081r%202.png?width=320 754 Crantor Q434773 3rd-century BC Greek philosopher and scholarch Philosopher Platonism -344 -275 TUR 0 27 65.35 754 Agrippa the Skeptic Q365115 Skeptic philosopher Philosopher 0100 0100 0 27 64.97 754 Zeno of Sidon Q189759 Epicurean philosopher from the Phoenician city of Sidon (150-c. 75 BCE) Philosopher Epicureanism -150 -70 LBN 0 27 64.89 754 Georges Canguilhem Q433741 French philosopher (1904-1995) Philosopher historical epistemology 1904-06-04 1995-09-11 FRA France FRA 0 27 64.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Canguilhem.jpg?width=320 754 Hans Blumenberg Q61189 German philosopher (1920–1996) Philosopher 1920-07-13 1996-03-28 DEU Germany DEU 0 27 64.77 754 Henry Corbin Q467015 French philosopher and and scholar of Islam (1903–1978) Philosopher 1903-04-14 1978-10-07 FRA France FRA 1 27 64.66 754 Crates of Mallus Q503075 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher stoicism -200 -145 TUR 0 27 64.56 754 Aeschines of Sphettus Q409647 4th century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher -430 -360 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 27 64.46 754 Dignāga Q558272 Indian Buddhist philosopher and logician (c.480–c.540) Philosopher 0480 0540 IND 0 27 64.39 754 Yang Xiong Q553520 Chinese linguist, poet and writer (53 BCE – 18 CE) Philosopher -53 0018 Western Han; Xin dynasty CHN 3 27 64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yang%20Xiong.jpg?width=320 754 Gorakhnath Q983584 author of many Hatha Yoga texts, founder of Nath Yogi monasteries within Hinduism Philosopher Hatha yoga; Hinduism 1100 1200 0 27 63.78 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorakshanath.jpg?width=320 754 Ian Stevenson Q731300 Canadian parapsychologist, reincarnation researcher (1918–2007) Philosopher 1918-10-31 2007-02-08 CAN Canada CAN 0 27 63.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ian%20Stevenson%20(Postgraduate%20Medicine%2C%201952).jpg?width=320 754 Bernard of Chartres Q826272 medieval philosopher and theologian(?-after 1126) Philosopher 1080 1126 Kingdom of France 0 27 63.54 754 Hakuin Ekaku Q177059 Japanese Zen Buddhist master (1686-1769) Philosopher 1685-01-19 1769-01-18 JPN Japan JPN 1 27 63.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zen-Master-Hakuin-Ekaku-Self-Portrait-1767.png?width=320 754 Arnold Geulincx Q316559 Flemish Cartesian philosopher Philosopher 1624-01-31 1669-11 Southern Netherlands BEL 0 27 62.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnold%20Geulincx.gif?width=320 754 Ludwig Klages Q60698 German psychologist and philosopher (1872–1956) Philosopher vitalism 1872-12-10 1956-07-29 DEU Germany DEU 0 27 62.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Klages3.jpg?width=320 754 Robert Filmer Q707787 English political theorist (1588–1653) Philosopher 1588 1653-05-26 Kingdom of England GBR 1 27 62.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Filmer%20Portrait.jpg?width=320 754 Narayana Guru Q1260858 Indian spiritual leader and social reformer (1856–1928) Philosopher 1856 1928-09-20 IND 0 27 61.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Narayana%20Guru.jpg?width=320 754 Benito Jerónimo Feijoo Q379753 Spanish monk and scholar Philosopher Spanish Enlightenment; Age of Enlightenment 1677-10-08 1764-09-26 ESP Spain ESP 2 27 61.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Retrato%20p%C3%B3stumo%20del%20padre%20Benito%20Jer%C3%B3nimo%20Feijoo%20(Mariano%20Salvador%20Maella).jpg?width=320 754 Volin Q715195 Russian anarchist (1882–1945) Philosopher 1882-08-11 1945-09-18 FRA France RUS 1 27 61.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photographic%20Portrait%20of%20%22Voline%22%20(Vsevolod%20Mikhailivich%20Eichenbaum).png?width=320 754 David Anhaght Q1173486 Armenian philosopher/5th century Philosopher 0600 0600 0 27 61.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Anhaght2.jpg?width=320 754 James Mark Baldwin Q553132 American philosopher and psychologist (1861–1934) Philosopher idealism 1861-01-12 1934-11-08 France; United States USA 0 27 60.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Mark%20Baldwin%201917.jpg?width=320 754 Hugo Kołłątaj Q127345 historian and philosopher (1750-1812) Philosopher 1750-04-01 1812-02-28 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth UKR 0 27 60.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Huga%20Ka%C5%82antaj.%20%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%20(1801-15).jpg?width=320 754 Paul de Man Q353754 Belgian literary theorist (1919–1983) Philosopher deconstruction 1919-12-06 1983-12-21 Belgium; United States BEL 0 27 60.52 754 Tan Sitong Q1191225 Chinese philosopher (1865-1898) Philosopher 1865-03-10 1898-09-28 Qing dynasty CHN 0 27 60.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tansitong.jpg?width=320 754 Martin Lings Q957553 English writer and scholar (1909-2005) Philosopher 1909-01-24 2005-05-12 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 27 59.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin%20LIngs%20-%20W.jpg?width=320 754 Nikolay Lossky Q380256 Russian philosopher (1870–1965) Philosopher 1870-12-06 1965-01-24 Soviet Union; Russian Empire LVA 0 27 59.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1900%20nikolai%20onufrijewitsch%20losski.jpg?width=320 754 Élisabeth Badinter Q274309 French author, historian, and professor Philosopher 1944-03-05 FRA France FRA 1 27 59.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20Badinter%20lors%20de%20l'inauguration%20du%20lyc%C3%A9e%20international%20Robert-Badinter%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 754 Sandra Harding Q469565 American philosopher of feminist theory, postcolonial theory, and epistemology Philosopher Western philosophy 1935-03-29 2025-03-05 USA United States USA 0 27 59.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sandra%20G%20Harding.tif?width=320 754 Ramananda Q2672093 Founder of Bairagi Sect, Vaishnav-Hindu Saint, Social Reformer Philosopher 1400 1470 IND 0 27 59.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamp%20of%20India%20-%202002%20-%20Colnect%20158243%20-%20Swami%20Ramanand.jpeg?width=320 754 Wendy Brown Q183265 American political theorist Philosopher 1955-11-28 USA United States 0 27 59.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wendy%20Brown%202016%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 754 Rémi Brague Q664619 French philosopher Philosopher 1947-09-08 FRA France FRA 1 27 58.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paris%20-%20R%C3%A9mi%20Brague%20-%201.jpg?width=320 754 Harald Høffding Q703531 Danish philosopher and theologian (1843–1931) Philosopher 1843-03-11 1931-07-02 Kingdom of Denmark DNK 0 27 57.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harald%20H%C3%B8ffding.jpg?width=320 754 Antoinette Brown Blackwell Q549506 American minister (1825–1921) Philosopher 1825-05-20 1921-11-05 USA United States USA 1 27 56.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoinette%20Louisa%20Brown%20Blackwell.jpg?width=320 754 Richard Posner Q533583 United States federal judge (1939-2026) Philosopher 1939-01-11 2026-11-10 USA United States USA 0 27 54.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Posner%20at%20Harvard%20University.jpg?width=320 754 David Benatar Q1173705 South African philosopher (born 1966) Philosopher 1966-12-08 ZAF South Africa ZAF 0 27 53.38 754 Judith Jarvis Thomson Q3120860 American philosopher (1929-2020) Philosopher 1929-10-04 2020-11-20 USA United States USA 0 27 53.25 754 Gary L. Francione Q458591 American legal scholar Philosopher abolitionism 1954-05-24 USA United States USA 0 27 52.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gary%20Francione.jpg?width=320 754 Will Kymlicka Q523005 Canadian philosopher Philosopher 1962 CAN Canada CAN 0 27 51.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Will%20kymlicka.JPG?width=320 796 Ibn al-Rawandi Q1399609 scholar, theologian and philosopher Philosopher atheist 0827 0860 Abbasid Caliphate AFG 0 26 67 796 Zengzi Q1207671 Chinese philosopher and disciple of Confucius (505–435 BC) Philosopher -504 -435 Lu 0 26 66.68 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Zeng%20Shen%20Ziyu%20(%E6%9B%BE%E5%8F%83%20%E5%AD%90%E8%BC%BF).jpg?width=320 796 Giles of Rome Q380647 Roman Catholic archbishop Philosopher 1243 1316-12-30 FRA France ITA 16 26 65.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IRHT%20063616-p.jpg?width=320 796 Arete of Cyrene Q262225 4th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher Cyrenaics -400 -340 LBY 0 26 65.25 796 Al-Shahrastani Q1050887 Persian historian of religions and Islamic scholar (1086–1153) Philosopher 1086 1153 Abbasid Caliphate TKM 2 26 65.13 796 Gerald Cohen Q553987 Canadian political philosopher, founder of analytical Marxism (1941–2009) Philosopher 1941-04-14 2009-08-05 CAN Canada CAN 0 26 64.8 796 Syrianus Q1373037 5th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher 0400 0437 Byzantine Empire EGY 0 26 64.23 796 Andreas Karlstadt Q60589 German theologian (1480 ca-1541) Philosopher spiritualism 1486 1541-12-24 Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg DEU 0 26 64.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UB%20Basel%20Portr%20Falk%20176.jpg?width=320 796 Pierre Hadot Q972152 French historian and philosopher (1922–2010) Philosopher 1922-02-21 2010-04-25 FRA France FRA 0 26 64.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PierreHadot.jpg?width=320 796 Gongsun Long Q1362266 Chinese philosopher of the 3rd century BCE of the School of Names Philosopher -325 -250 1 26 63.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gongsun-Long-portrait-artist-Taipei-Taiwan-National.png?width=320 796 Li Zhi Q698177 Chinese philosopher (1527–1602) Philosopher 1527-12-03 1602-05-06 Ming dynasty CHN 0 26 62.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Li%20Zhi.jpg?width=320 796 Theodor Lipps Q61970 German philosopher (1851-1914) Philosopher 1851-07-28 1914-10-17 German Reich DEU 0 26 62.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TLipps.jpg?width=320 796 Vazgen I Q739349 Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church (1908–1994) Philosopher 1908-10-03 1994-08-18 Armenia; Romania ROU 0 26 61.62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vazgen%20I%20Catholicos%20portrait.png?width=320 796 Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann Q213607 German scientist and zoologist Philosopher 1743-08-17 1815-07-04 Kingdom of Hanover DEU 0 26 61.17 796 Hans Albert Q62309 German philosopher (1921–2023) Philosopher Western philosophy 1921-02-08 2023-10-24 DEU Germany DEU 0 26 61.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Albert%202005.jpg?width=320 796 Yuriy Drohobych Q1372399 Ukrainian astrologist, surgeon and philosopher (1450-1494) Philosopher 1450 1494-02-13 Kingdom of Poland UKR 0 26 60.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamp%20of%20Ukraine%20s343.jpg?width=320 796 Frederick Copleston Q981839 English Jesuit priest and philosopher (1907–1994) Philosopher 1907-04-09 1994-02-03 GBR United Kingdom GBR 1 26 60.72 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frederick%20Copleston%20(1907-1994).jpg?width=320 796 Dietrich von Hildebrand Q14678 German Catholic philosopher and theologian (1889–1977) Philosopher 1889-10-12 1977-01-26 DEU Germany ITA 0 26 60.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dietrich%20von%20Hildebrand%20(1889%E2%80%931977)%20%C2%A9%20Max%20Fenichel%20(1885%E2%80%931942)%20OeNB%209802368.png?width=320 796 Louis Lavelle Q467668 French academic (1883–1951) Philosopher 1883-07-15 1951-09-01 FRA France FRA 0 26 60.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louislavelle.jpg?width=320 796 Liu Yuxi Q706837 Chinese writer and philosopher (772-842) Philosopher 0772 0842 Tang dynasty CHN 0 26 60.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riu%20Yu%20hsi.jpg?width=320 796 Georges Florovsky Q714187 Russian Christian theologian and historian (1893–1979) Philosopher 1893-09-09 1979-08-11 United States; France UKR 0 26 60.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg?width=320 796 Guillaume Faye Q1341731 French political activist and essayist (1949-2019) Philosopher Nouvelle Droite 1949-11-07 2019-03-06 FRA France FRA 1 26 59.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guillaume%20Faye%20par%20Claude%20Truong-Ngoc%20f%C3%A9vrier%202015.jpg?width=320 796 Ivan Aksakov Q467630 Russian writer and slavophile (1823-1886) Philosopher 1823-10-08 1886-02-08 Russian Empire RUS 0 26 58.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.jpg?width=320 796 Abdolkarim Soroush Q308269 Iranian writer and philosopher Philosopher 1945-12-16 IRN Iran IRN 2 26 58.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abdolkarim%20Soroush%2002.jpg?width=320 796 Alfonso Reyes Q462721 Mexican writer, philosopher and diplomat (1889-1959) Philosopher 1889-05-17 1959-12-27 MEX Mexico MEX 0 26 57.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfonsoreyes1924.jpg?width=320 796 Clémence Royer Q2368918 French philosopher and scholar (1830–1902) Philosopher freethought 1830-04-21 1902-02-06 FRA France FRA 0 26 56.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clemence%20Royer%201865%20Nadar.jpg?width=320 796 Wilhelm Gesenius Q61525 German orientalist and theologian (1786–1842) Philosopher 1786-02-03 1842-10-23 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 26 56.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gesenius%20Wilhelm.jpg?width=320 796 Michał Heller Q565279 Polish philosopher, theologian, theoretical physicist and Roman Catholic priest Philosopher 1936-03-12 POL Poland POL 0 26 56.52 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michal%20Heller%20by%20Adam%20Walanus%20(49).jpg?width=320 796 Hendrik Adamson Q3735234 Estonian poet, writer, Esperantist and pedagogue (1891-1946) Philosopher 1891-10-06 1946-03-07 EST Estonia EST 0 26 54.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hendrik%20Adamson.jpg?width=320 796 Yuval Steinitz Q1362317 Israeli politician (born 1958) Philosopher 1958-04-10 ISR Israel ISR 0 26 53.12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5.jpg?width=320 826 Ploutarchos of Athens Q537304 Greek neoplatonic philosopher (c. 350 – 430 AD) Philosopher 0350 0432 Byzantine Empire GRC 0 25 68.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20philosopher%2C%20early%205th%20c%20AD%2C%20224977.jpg?width=320 826 Zisi Q1147803 Chinese philosopher, grandson of Confucius (c. 481–402 BCE) Philosopher -483 -402 Lu 0 25 66.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Kong%20Ji%20Zisi%20(%E5%AD%94%E4%BC%8B%20%E5%AD%90%E6%80%9D).jpg?width=320 826 Charles W. Morris Q357041 American philosopher (1903-1979) Philosopher 1901-05-23 1979-01-15 USA United States USA 0 25 65.55 826 Étienne-Gabriel Morelly Q289139 French philosopher (1717–1778) Philosopher 1717 1778 FRA France FRA 0 25 64.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel%20Morelly.png?width=320 826 Werner Jaeger Q61882 German-American classical philologist (1888-1961) Philosopher 1888-07-30 1961-10-19 United States; Germany DEU 0 25 64.79 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liebermann%20Werner%20Jaeger.jpg?width=320 826 Emerich de Vattel Q122386 jurist from the Principality of Neuchâtel Philosopher 1714-04-25 1767-12-28 Principality of Neuchâtel CHE 0 25 64.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emer%20de%20Vattel%201714-1767.jpg?width=320 826 Diogenes of Babylon Q434203 ancient Greek philosopher of the Stoic school Philosopher stoicism -240 -150 IRQ 0 25 64.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diogenes%20Babylonicus.jpg?width=320 826 Yan Hui Q1155960 Chinese philosopher (c. 521–481 BC) Philosopher -521 -481 Lu 0 25 64.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Yan%20Hui%20Ziyuan%20(%E9%A1%8F%E5%9B%9E%20%E5%AD%90%E6%B7%B5).jpg?width=320 826 Olympiodorus the Younger Q974775 Neoplatonist philosopher (c.495–570) Philosopher 0495 0570 Byzantine Empire EGY 0 25 64.18 826 Zacharias Rhetor Q139567 5th–6th century Bishop of Mytilene Philosopher 0465 0553 Byzantine Empire 1 25 64.14 826 Hemachandra Q2723463 12th-century Jain scholar, grammarian, poet, writer, and mathematician Philosopher 1088 1172 IND 4 25 64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hemachandra.gif?width=320 826 Amalric of Bena Q453365 French theologian Philosopher 1150 1206 FRA France FRA 0 25 63.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amalric%20of%20Bena%20(Clean).jpg?width=320 826 Maximus of Tyre Q456649 2nd century Greek rhetorician and philosopher Philosopher Middle Platonism 0200 0200 LBN 0 25 63.54 826 Pantaenus Q461067 Greek Christian theologian (died c.200) Philosopher stoicism 0200 0216 ITA 0 25 63.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Burghers-Pantaenus.jpg?width=320 826 Diodorus Cronus Q715478 Greek philosopher and dialectician (died c. 284 BC) Philosopher -400 -300 TUR 0 25 63.18 826 Cheng Yi Q558380 Chinese philosopher (1033–1107) Philosopher Cheng-Zhu school 1033 1107-10-12 Song dynasty CHN 0 25 62.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E5%B4%87%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF%E8%AF%B4%E4%B9%A6%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%90.jpg?width=320 826 Kazimierz Łyszczyński Q1354627 Polish philosopher (1634–1689) Philosopher atheism 1634-03-04 1689-03-30 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth BLR 0 25 62.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kazimierz%20%C5%81yszczy%C5%84ski%2C%20portrait.jpg?width=320 826 Arnold Ruge Q61558 German philosopher and political writer (1802–1880) Philosopher 1802-09-13 1880-12-31 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 25 62.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnold%20Ruge%20Schriftsteller.jpg?width=320 826 Theodor Lessing Q61446 German philosopher (1872–1933) Philosopher 1872-02-08 1933-08-30 DEU Germany DEU 4 25 62.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicola%20Perscheid%20-%20Theodor%20Lessing%20nach%201925.jpg?width=320 826 Zhang Zai Q197338 Chinese philosopher, essayist, politician, writer, and cosmologist (1020-1077) Philosopher 1020 1077 Song dynasty; Northern Song dynasty CHN 0 25 62.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chang%20Tsai.jpg?width=320 826 George of Trebizond Q533514 Greek philosopher Philosopher humanism 1395-04-11 1472 Byzantine Empire GRC 0 25 61.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Georg%20Trapezuntius%2C%20RP-P-1909-4357.jpg?width=320 826 Ervin Laszlo Q964137 Hungarian musician and philosopher (1932–2026) Philosopher 1932-06-12 2026-06-29 United States; Hungary HUN 0 25 60.96 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Laszlo%20Ervin.jpg?width=320 826 Charles Kay Ogden Q503276 English linguist, philosopher, writer (1889–1957) Philosopher 1889-06-01 1957-03-21 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 25 60.87 826 Arthur Oncken Lovejoy Q504753 American philosopher and intellectual historian (1873-1962) Philosopher 1873-10-10 1962-12-30 Germany; United States DEU 0 25 60.6 826 Albrecht Ritschl Q63173 German theologian (1822-1889) Philosopher 1822-03-25 1889-03-20 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 25 60.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlbrechtRitschl.jpg?width=320 826 Ber Borochov Q720022 founder of the Labor Zionist movement (1881-1917) Philosopher 1881-07-03 1917-12-17 Russian Republic; Russian Empire; Ukrainian People's Republic UKR 0 25 60.41 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ber%20Borochov.jpg?width=320 826 Wilfrid Sellars Q712462 American philosopher (1912-1989) Philosopher 1912-05-20 1989-07-02 USA United States USA 0 25 60.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wilfrid%20Sellars%20Faculty%20Photo.jpg?width=320 826 Paul Deussen Q26714 German Indologist and philosopher (1845–1919) Philosopher 1845-01-07 1919-07-06 DEU Germany DEU 0 25 59.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Deussen%20(1914)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 826 Gabriel Biel Q61369 German theologian and philosopher Philosopher 1418 1495-12-07 Holy Roman Empire DEU 0 25 58.33 826 Carole Pateman Q299627 British feminist, academic political theorist Philosopher 1940-12-11 GBR United Kingdom GBR 2 25 57.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carole%20Pateman%20in%20Brazil%202015%2002.jpg?width=320 826 Cleopatra the Alchemist Q7460 3rd and 4th century Egyptian alchemist and author Philosopher 0 25 56.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleopatra%20the%20alchemist.jpg?width=320 826 Michael Ruse Q518293 British-Canadian science philosopher (1940–2024) Philosopher Western philosophy; atheism 1940-06-21 2024-11-01 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 25 56.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Ruse%20photo%20scruffy%20Mcgruff%20and%20pet%20human.jpg?width=320 826 Uku Masing Q594450 Estonian philosopher and theologian (1909-1985) Philosopher 1909-08-11 1985-04-25 EST Estonia EST 0 25 56.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Uku%20Masing.jpg?width=320 826 Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Q712484 American educator and founder of the American School for the Deaf Philosopher 1787-12-10 1851-09-10 USA United States USA 0 25 54.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20hopkins%20gallaudet%20posthumous%20oil%20painting%20by%20george%20f%20wright%201851.jpg?width=320 826 Simon Blackburn Q287357 English academic philosopher (born 1944) Philosopher atheism 1944-07-12 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 25 52.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simon%20Blackburn.jpg?width=320 826 Susan Haack Q3173010 English professor of philosophy and law Philosopher 1945-07-23 2026-03-10 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 25 52.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susan%20Haack%20talking%20at%20the%20Copernicus%20Center.jpg?width=320 826 Richard David Precht Q44040 German philosopher and author Philosopher 1964-12-08 DEU Germany DEU 4 25 51.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20David%20Precht.jpg?width=320 826 Leonard Peikoff Q1235503 Canadian-American philosopher Philosopher Objectivist movement 1933-10-15 United States; Canada CAN 2 25 49.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leonard%20Peikoff.tiff?width=320 864 Boetius of Dacia Q428694 13th-century Danish philosopher Philosopher Modistae 1240 1284 Sweden; Kingdom of Denmark DNK 0 24 68.58 864 Bartolus de Saxoferrato Q439050 Italian law professor (1313–1357) Philosopher 1313-11-18 1357-07-29 ITA 0 24 68.37 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Bartolus%20de%20Saxoferrato%20Bartolus%20de%20Saxo%20Ferratio%20(titel%20op%20object)%2C%20RP-P-1909-4351.jpg?width=320 864 Luis de Molina Q436077 Spanish priest and writer Philosopher School of Salamanca 1535-09-29 1600-10-12 ESP Spain ESP 0 24 65.49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Molina%20-%20De%20Justitia%20et%20jure%2C%201759%20-%20272.tif?width=320 864 William of Champeaux Q267825 French scholastic theologian and philosopher Philosopher 1070 1121 FRA France FRA 0 24 65.4 864 Zaki al-Arsuzi Q144693 Syrian philosopher (1899–1968) Philosopher Ba'athism 1899-06 1968-07-02 SYR Syria SYR 0 24 65.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20philosopher%20Zaki%20al-Arsuzi.jpg?width=320 864 Cebes Q965144 ancient Greek philosopher (4th century BC) Philosopher -500 -400 GRC 0 24 64.47 864 Berengar of Tours Q435006 medieval theologian (vers 990-1088) Philosopher 0998 1088-01-06 FRA France FRA 0 24 64.44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/B%C3%A9renger%20de%20Tours.jpg?width=320 864 Guarino da Verona Q539577 Italian humanist Philosopher 1374 1460-12-13 ITA 8 24 64.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guarino%20da%20Verona%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 864 Wang Bi Q459865 Chinese philosopher and author Philosopher 0226 0249 Cao Wei CHN 0 24 63.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%87%B3%E8%81%96%E5%85%88%E8%B3%A2%E5%8D%8A%E8%BA%AB%E5%83%8F%20%E5%86%8A-107-%E7%8E%8B%E5%BC%BC.jpg?width=320 864 Hippon Q716416 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher -500 -460 ITA Rhegion ITA 0 24 63.65 864 Rudolph Goclenius Q64272 German philosopher (1547-1628) Philosopher 1547-03-11 1628-06-08 DEU Germany DEU 0 24 63.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goclenius.jpg?width=320 864 Onesicritus Q447476 ancient Greek historian and admiral Philosopher -360 -290 GRC 0 24 63.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thalestris%2C%20Queen%20of%20the%20Amazons%2C%20visits%20Alexander%20(1696).jpg?width=320 864 Georges Politzer Q601482 French philosopher, Marxist theoretician and resistance member (1903-1942) Philosopher 1903-05-03 1942-05-23 FRA France ROU 0 24 62.96 864 Paolo Sarpi Q1349158 Venetian patriot, scholar, scientist and church reformer Philosopher 1552-08-24 1623-01-15 Republic of Venice ITA 0 24 62.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Sarpi%202.jpg?width=320 864 Menedemus Q990589 Greek philosopher (345/44 – 261/60 BC) Philosopher eretrian school -340 -265 GRC 0 24 62.7 864 Ahmad al-Tayyeb Q338708 Imam of al-Azhar Mosque in Egypt Philosopher 1946-01-06 EGY Egypt EGY 0 24 62.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ahmed%20el-Tayeb%201.jpg?width=320 864 Jean Wahl Q573120 French philosopher (1888–1974) Philosopher 1888-05-25 1974-06-19 FRA France FRA 0 24 62.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20de%20Jean%20Wahl%20(cropped2).jpg?width=320 864 Hermarchus Q542808 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher Epicureanism -325 -250 GRC 0 24 62.27 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bearded%20Philosopher%20-%20Hermarcus%20or%20Democritus%20Palazzo%20Massimo%20alle%20Terme.jpg?width=320 864 Yeshayahu Leibowitz Q215927 Israeli intellectual (1903-1994) Philosopher Neo-Kantianism 1903-01-29 1994-08-18 ISR Israel LVA 0 24 62.09 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yeshaia%20Leibowitz.%20Photograph%20by%20Grubner.%20Wellcome%20V0026693.jpg?width=320 864 Nasr Abu Zayd Q560307 Egyptian Quranic thinker, author, and academic (1943-2010) Philosopher 1943-07-10 2010-07-05 Kingdom of the Netherlands; Egypt EGY 0 24 62.08 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nas%20Abu%20Zeid.jpg?width=320 864 Lubna of Cordoba Q3264654 Al-Ándalus slave and intellectual Philosopher 0922 0984 al-Andalus ESP 0 24 62.07 864 Henry of Ghent Q707637 scholastic philosopher Philosopher scholasticism 1217 1293-09-15 BEL 0 24 61.97 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20Goethals%2C%20PA01085.jpg?width=320 864 Lie Yukou Q2984064 4th-century BCE Chinese philosopher and author Philosopher -450 -375 China CHN 0 24 61.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Album%20of%2018%20Daoist%20Paintings%20-%207.jpg?width=320 864 Joseph Albo Q559622 rabbi (1380–1444) Philosopher 1380 1444 Crown of Castile ESP 0 24 61.77 864 Karel Kosik Q559795 Czech philosopher, literary theorist and university educator (1926–2003) Philosopher 1926-06-26 2003-02-21 CZE Czech Republic CZE 0 24 61.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KarelKosik.jpg?width=320 864 Paul de Lagarde Q61310 German polymath, biblical scholar and orientalist (1827-1891) Philosopher 1827-11-02 1891-12-22 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 24 61.55 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Anton%20de%20Lagarde.png?width=320 864 František Tomášek Q712590 Czech cardinal, professor and theologist (1899-1992) Philosopher 1899-06-30 1992-08-04 Czechoslovakia CZE 0 24 61.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franti%C5%A1ek%20Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1ek.jpg?width=320 864 Favorinus Q554387 Roman sophist and Academic skeptic philosopher (c.80–c.160) Philosopher Hellenistic art 0085 0200 Ancient Rome FRA 0 24 61.27 864 Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī Q2658411 Iranian Shia Islamic scholar, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer and poet Philosopher 1547-02-26 1621-09-01 LBN 4 24 61.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shaykh%20Baha'i%2C%20false%20ascription%20to%20Sadiqi%20Beg%2C%20signed%20by%20the%20%22slave%20Muhammad%20'Ali%22%2C%20dated%201744-5.%20Malek%20Museum%2C%20Tehran.jpg?width=320 864 Francesco Filelfo Q4622 Italian Renaissance humanist (1398–1481) Philosopher 1398-08-02 1481-08-09 ITA March of Ancona 21 24 61.01 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francesco%20Filelfo%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 864 Denis Pétau Q1187608 French Jesuit theologian Philosopher 1583-08-21 1652-12-11 Kingdom of France FRA 0 24 60.92 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis%20Petau%2C%207B489182%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 864 Myson of Chenae Q920354 ancient Greek wise man Philosopher -700 0 24 60.78 864 William of Conches Q615260 12th-century French scholastic philosopher (1080-ca. 1154) Philosopher 1080 1154 Kingdom of France FRA 6 24 60.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20of%20Conches.jpg?width=320 864 Arethas of Caesarea Q290771 Byzantine theologian Philosopher 0860 0935 Byzantine Empire GRC 0 24 60.62 864 Hermippus of Smyrna Q933860 3rd-century BC Greek biographer and philosopher Philosopher -300 -300 Smyrna 0 24 60.58 864 Pierre Nicole Q719942 French Jansenists Philosopher 1625-10-19 1695-11-16 FRA France FRA 0 24 60.04 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre-Nicole-transparent.png?width=320 864 Erich Neumann Q61171 German-Israeli writer, psychologist and philosopher (1905-1960) Philosopher 1905-01-23 1960-11-05 Israel; Germany DEU 0 24 59.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Erich%20Neumann%2C%20psychologist.jpg?width=320 864 Édouard Le Roy Q274358 French mathematician and philosopher (1870-1954) Philosopher 1870-06-18 1954-11-09 FRA France FRA 0 24 59.8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albert%20Leroy.jpg?width=320 864 Johannes Agricola Q76554 German theologian and humanist (1494-1566) Philosopher German Renaissance 1494-04-29 1566-10-02 DEU 0 24 59.76 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Agricola%20by%20Jenichen%201565.jpg?width=320 864 Stanley Cavell Q725020 American philosopher (1926-2018) Philosopher 1926-09-01 2018-06-19 USA United States USA 1 24 59.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stanley%20Cavell%2C%20Paris%202015.jpg?width=320 864 Musaeus of Athens Q728059 legendary ancient poet and musician Philosopher -500 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 24 59.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peleus%20Painter%20ARV%201039%2013%20Musaios%20with%20Melousa%20and%20Terpsichore%20-%20woman%20between%20two%20youths%20(06).jpg?width=320 864 Chinmayananda Saraswati Q173273 Indian Hindu spiritual teacher (1916-1993) Philosopher 1916-05-08 1993-08-03 IND India IND 0 24 58.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Swami%20Chinmayananda%20on%20his%20day%20of%20Sannyas%20initiation%2C%20with%20Guru%20Swami%20Sivananda%20and%20other%20disciples%2C%20Feb%2025%2C%201949%2C%20Maha%20Shivratri%20Day.jpg?width=320 864 Hubert Dreyfus Q971585 American philosopher (1929–2017) Philosopher 1929-10-15 2017-04-22 USA United States USA 0 24 58.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hubert%20Dreyfus.jpg?width=320 864 Seyla Benhabib Q263235 Turkish-American philosopher and political scientist (born 1950) Philosopher 1950-09-09 United States; Turkey TUR 0 24 58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seyla%20Benhabib%2025.jpg?width=320 864 Susan George Q270735 American and French political and social scientist, activist and writer (1934-2026) Philosopher 1934-06-29 2026-02-14 United States; France USA 0 24 57.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susan%20George%2C%202010%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 864 Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet Q15474 Scottish metaphysician (1788-1856) Philosopher 1788-03-08 1856-05-06 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 0 24 56.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Hamilton%20Philos.jpg?width=320 864 Josef Pieper Q61163 German philosopher (1904-1997) Philosopher 1904-05-04 1997-11-06 DEU Germany DEU 0 24 56.56 864 Pritilata Waddedar Q2435073 British Indian Bengali woman freedom fighter (1911–1932) Philosopher Indian independence movement 1911-05-05 1932-09-23 British Raj BGD 0 24 56.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Original%20Archived%20photo%20of%20Pritilata%20Waddedar.jpg?width=320 864 Ernest Belfort Bax Q1356254 British barrister and journalist (1854–1926) Philosopher 1854-07-23 1926-11-26 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 2 24 55.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Story%20of%20French%20Rev%20(1922%2C%20p%20006).jpg?width=320 864 Geydar Dzhemal Q2422401 Azerbaijani-Russian philosopher, politician, and writer (1947-2016) Philosopher 1947-11-06 2016-12-05 RUS Russia RUS 0 24 55.91 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geydar%20Dzhemal%20in%202013.png?width=320 864 Ralph Cudworth Q528261 English clergyman, theologian, philosopher, and Cambridge Platonist (1617–88) Philosopher 1617 1688-06-26 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 0 24 55.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ralph%20Cudworth.jpg?width=320 864 André Comte-Sponville Q247016 French philosopher (born 1952) Philosopher humanism; atheism; materialism 1952-03-12 FRA France FRA 0 24 55.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andr%C3%A9%20Comte-Sponville%20-%20Salon%20du%20livre%20de%20Paris%20-%2023%20mars%202014.JPG?width=320 864 Michael Hardt Q918655 American political philosopher, literary theorist and author of 2000 book Empire (born 1960) Philosopher autonomism; Western philosophy; queer theory 1960-01 USA United States USA 0 24 54.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marx200%20(41907175452).jpg?width=320 864 Walter Kaufmann Q62977 German-American philosopher (1921–1980) Philosopher Western philosophy; continental philosophy 1921-07-01 1980-09-04 United States; Germany DEU 0 24 54.03 864 James Burnham Q1240178 American philosopher (1905–1987) Philosopher 1905-11-22 1987-07-28 USA United States USA 1 24 53.57 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Burnham%201927%20Crop.jpg?width=320 919 Al-Baydawi Q287573 Persian Islamic scholar (died 1319) Philosopher 1201 1286 Ilkhanate IRN 3 23 64.85 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qadi%20Nasir%20al-Din%20Abu%20Sa'id%20'Abdullah%20Baydawi%3B%20Kitab%20Nizam%20al-Tawarikh%2C%20probably%20Tabriz%2C%20Safavid%20Iran%2C%2016th%20century.jpg?width=320 919 Chaïm Perelman Q456301 Belgian philosopher of law (1912-1984) Philosopher New rhetorics 1912-05-20 1984-01-22 Belgium; Poland POL 1 23 64.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cha%C3%AFm%20Perelman.jpg?width=320 919 Zaleucus Q145090 7th-century BC Greek lawgiver Philosopher -663 -600 0 23 64.82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zaleucus.jpg?width=320 919 Eugen Fink Q61628 German philosopher (1905-1975) Philosopher 1905-12-11 1975-07-25 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 64.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Freiburg%20Reihe%20Professoren%2C%20Fink%2C%20Gurutt%2C%20Heuer%2C%20Szilasi%2C%20Bauch%2C%20Heiss%2C%20Friedrich%20-%20W134Nr.047831%20-%20Willy%20Pragher%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 919 Zou Yan Q227022 Zhou Dynasty philosopher Philosopher -305 -240 Qi 0 23 64.16 919 Barlaam of Seminara Q384263 Italian theologian Philosopher 1290 1348-06-09 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 23 64.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barlaam%2C%20Carrying%20a%20Should.jpg?width=320 919 Peter Deunov Q2073176 Christian philosopher, Teacher of Esoteric Christianity (1864–1944) Philosopher 1864-07-11 1944-12-27 BGR Bulgaria BGR 0 23 64.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beinsa%20Duno.jpg?width=320 919 Ravidas Q2639769 Buddhism Philosopher 1450 1520 IND 0 23 63.85 919 Johannes Sturm Q66382 German educator (1507–1589) Philosopher humanism 1507-10-11 1589-03-03 Duchy of Luxembourg DEU 0 23 63.82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Sturm%20by%20Jacob%20van%20der%20Heyden.jpg?width=320 919 Cristoforo Landino Q711964 humanist, philosopher and writer from Italy Philosopher 1424-02-17 1498-10-03 ITA Italy ITA 0 23 63.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cristoforo%20Landino%20-%20Angel%20Appearing%20to%20Zacharias%20(detail).jpg?width=320 919 Jacob Moleschott Q518623 Dutch philosopher (1822-1893) Philosopher scientific materialism 1822-08-09 1893-05-20 NLD Kingdom of the Netherlands NLD 0 23 62.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr.%20Jacob%20Moleschott.jpg?width=320 919 Asclepigenia Q586050 ancient Greek philosopher and mystic Philosopher 0400 0485 Byzantine Empire GRC 0 23 62.4 919 Cerinthus Q447428 Syrian theologian and philosopher Philosopher 0100 0200 TUR 0 23 62.35 919 Luigi Guido Grandi Q982368 mathematician and philosopher from Italy Philosopher 1671-10-10 1742-07-04 ITA 2 23 62.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guidograndi.jpg?width=320 919 Helmuth Plessner Q76522 German philosopher and sociologist (1892–1985) Philosopher 1892-09-04 1985-06-12 DEU Germany DEU 1 23 62.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helmuth%20Plessner%201939.jpg?width=320 919 Lucius Annaeus Cornutus Q507036 1st century AD Roman Stoic philosopher Philosopher stoicism 0020 0080 Ancient Rome LBY 1 23 62.08 919 Symon Budny Q941595 Belarusian and Polish humanist Philosopher 1530-01 1593-01-13 Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth POL 2 23 62.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Symon%20Budny.png?width=320 919 Yun Hyu Q380577 Joseon scholar & civil servant (1617–1680) Philosopher 1617-10-14 1680-05-20 Joseon KOR 0 23 61.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%EC%9C%A4%ED%9C%B4%20%EC%B4%88%EC%83%81%20(%EC%96%BC%EA%B5%B4).jpg?width=320 919 Hecataeus of Abdera Q471916 Greek philosopher and historian (c.360–c.290 BC) Philosopher -400 -300 GRC 0 23 61.49 919 Émile Boirac Q18436 French philosopher, parapsychologist, promoter of Esperanto and writer (1851–1917) Philosopher 1851-08-26 1917-09-20 FRA France DZA 0 23 61.06 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Boirac%202.jpg?width=320 919 August Böckh Q63183 German classical scholar and antiquarian (1785–1867) Philosopher 1785-11-24 1867-08-03 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 23 60.71 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philipp%20August%20B%C3%B6ckh%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320 919 Johann Heinrich Alsted Q454743 German theologist (1558-1638) Philosopher 1588 1638-11-09 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 60.59 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Heinrich%20Alsted%20by%20Audran.jpg?width=320 919 Rudolf Stammler Q77651 German jurist, law theorist, philosopher (1856-1938) Philosopher Neo-Kantianism 1856-02-19 1938-04-25 German Reich DEU 0 23 60.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Stammler.jpg?width=320 919 Firmin Abauzit Q688658 French, and then Genevan, physician, theologian and philosopher (1679–1767) Philosopher 1679-11-12 1767-03-20 Kingdom of France; Republic of Geneva FRA 0 23 60.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Firmin%20Abauzit%20-%20Gelehrter.jpg?width=320 919 Ajita Kesakambali Q153187 6th century BCE Indian materialist philosopher Philosopher -500 IND India 0 23 59.85 919 Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert Q765465 Dutch writer, philosopher, translator, politician and theologian (1522-1590) Philosopher humanism 1522 1590-10-29 Habsburg Netherlands NLD 0 23 59.61 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dirck%20Volckertsz.%20Coornhert%2C%20after%20Cornelis%20Cornelisz%20van%20Haarlem.jpg?width=320 919 Keshub Chunder Sen Q1397486 Indian academic (1838–1884) Philosopher 1838-11-19 1884-01-08 British Raj IND 0 23 59.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Keshab%20Chandra%20Sen.jpg?width=320 919 Rüdiger Safranski Q61915 German philosopher Philosopher 1945-01-01 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 59.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Safranski.jpg?width=320 919 Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock Q336921 Philosopher of morality, education and mind, and writer on existentialism (1924-2019) Philosopher 1924-04-14 2019-03-20 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 23 59.18 919 Herbert Feigl Q93678 Austrian philosopher (1902–1988) Philosopher 1902-12-14 1988-06-01 Austria; United States CZE 0 23 58.71 919 Merab Mamardashvili Q470453 Georgian philosopher (1930-1990) Philosopher 1930-09-15 1990-11-25 Soviet Union GEO 0 23 58.4 919 Joseph Raz Q1380371 Israeli philosopher (1939–2022) Philosopher 1939-03-21 2022-05-02 ISR Israel ISR 0 23 57.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph%20Raz%20-%2020090224.jpg?width=320 919 Edmund Gettier Q450940 American philosopher (1927–2021) Philosopher 1927-10-31 2021-03-23 USA United States USA 1 23 57.48 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edmund%20L%20Gettier%20III%20ca%201960s%20umass.jpg?width=320 919 Robert Spaemann Q63338 German philosopher (1927–2018) Philosopher 1927-05-05 2018-12-10 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 57.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Spaemann%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 919 Martin Chemnitz Q63146 German theologian (1522-1586) Philosopher 1522-11-19 1586-04-08 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 57.31 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin-Chemnitz.jpg?width=320 919 Ivan Merz Q2378574 Bosnian-Croatian academic, Catholic layperson, writer, schoolteacher, polyglot and blessed of the Catholic Church (1896–1928) Philosopher 1896-12-16 1928-05-10 Austria–Hungary; Yugoslavia BIH 0 23 57.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bl%20Ivan%20Merz%20u%20Bazilici%20Srca%20Isusova%2013%20rujna%202008.jpg?width=320 919 Julián Marías Q520726 Spanish philosopher (1914-2005) Philosopher 1914-06-17 2005-12-15 ESP Spain ESP 0 23 56.97 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20%20julian%20marias%20retrato%20s.jpg?width=320 919 Hermann Gunkel Q62695 German evangelical theologian (1862–1932) Philosopher 1862-05-23 1932-03-11 DEU Germany DEU 0 23 56.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gunkel.jpg?width=320 919 Egon Bondy Q543319 Czech poet, philosopher and writer (1930–2007) Philosopher 1930-01-20 2007-04-09 CZE Czech Republic CZE 0 23 56.63 919 Maitreyi Q4986009 Vedic philosopher from ancient India Philosopher -1000 -1000 0 23 56.61 919 John Finnis Q3312283 Australian legal scholar and philosopher Philosopher 1940-07-28 Australia; United States AUS 0 23 54.98 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Finnis%20on%20After%20Dark%2026th%20June%201987.jpg?width=320 919 Iris Marion Young Q543381 American philosopher (1949-2006) Philosopher 1949-01-02 2006-08-01 USA United States USA 0 23 54.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iris%20Marion%20Young.jpg?width=320 919 Paul Kurtz Q703303 American professor of philosophy (1925-2012) Philosopher secular humanism 1925-12-21 2012-10-20 USA United States USA 0 23 53.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Kurtz%201979.jpg?width=320 919 Lea Ypi Q109453577 Albanian philosopher and professor of political theory at the London School of Economics Philosopher 1979-09-08 ALB Albania ALB 3 23 47.43 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lea%20Ypi%20at%20the%20British%20Library.jpg?width=320 919 A. C. Grayling Q278583 English philosopher Philosopher atheism 1949-04-03 GBR United Kingdom ZMB 0 23 46.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AC%20Grayling.jpg?width=320 964 Crates of Athens Q712755 3rd-century BC Greek Platonist philosopher Philosopher Platonism -400 -268 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 22 65.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crates%20of%20Athens%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320 964 Shneur Zalman of Liadi Q547033 Lithuanian Orthodox Rabbi and first Rebbe of Chabad (1745–1812) Philosopher 1745-09-15 1812-12-26 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Russian Empire BLR 9 22 64.87 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schneur%20Zalman%20of%20Liadi.jpg?width=320 964 Liu Ji Q699485 Chinese philosopher and politician (1311–1375) Philosopher 1311-07-09 1375-05-24 Ming dynasty CHN 2 22 63.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liu%20Ji.jpg?width=320 964 Shen Buhai Q559421 Chinese philosopher and politician (c.400–c.337 BC) Philosopher -385 -337 CHN 0 22 63.74 964 N. T. Wright Q335125 Anglican bishop Philosopher 1948-12-01 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 22 63.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NTWright071220.jpg?width=320 964 Zalmoxis Q145218 Thracian god Philosopher -713 UKR 0 22 62.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zalmoxis%20Aleksandrovo.jpg?width=320 964 Amelius Q248624 3rd century Neoplatonist philosopher and writer Philosopher 0200 0300 Ancient Rome 0 22 62.45 964 Lucien Goldmann Q513448 Romanian-French philosopher Philosopher Marxism 1913-06-20 1970-10-03 Romania; France ROU 1 22 62.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luicien%20Goldmann%20in%201964%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 964 Anthony Collins Q573040 English philosopher (1676-1729) Philosopher 1676-07-01 1729-12-24 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 0 22 62.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnthonyCollins.jpg?width=320 964 Melchor Cano Q644162 Spanish theologian (1509-1560) Philosopher 1509-01-16 1560-10-10 ESP Spain ESP 0 22 61.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melchor%20Cano%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 964 Eknath Q2587826 Indian Hindu saint, philosopher, and poet (1533– 26 February 1599) Philosopher 1533 1599 IND 0 22 61.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eknath%202003%20stamp%20of%20India.jpg?width=320 964 Moshe Chaim Luzzatto Q982845 Italian orthodox rabbi (1707-1746) Philosopher 1707 1746-05-06 Republic of Venice ITA 2 22 61.47 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moshe%20Chaim%20Luzzatto%20(ramhal)%20-%20Wall%20painting%20in%20Acre%2C%20Israel.jpg?width=320 964 Leo Löwenthal Q77146 German sociologist (1900–1993) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1900-11-03 1993-01-21 DEU Germany DEU 0 22 61.36 964 Józef Maria Bocheński Q673672 Polish philosopher (1902-1995) Philosopher 1902-08-30 1995-02-08 POL Poland POL 1 22 61.13 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ojciec%20Boche%C5%84ski.jpg?width=320 964 Jean Guitton Q551761 French philosopher and theologian (1901-1999) Philosopher 1901-08-18 1999-03-21 FRA France FRA 1 22 60.97 964 Julius Pollux Q548104 2nd century Greek grammarian and sophist Philosopher 0200 0238 Ancient Rome EGY 0 22 60.8 964 Antun Saadeh Q610062 Lebanese politician (1904-1949) Philosopher 1904-03-01 1949-07-08 LBN Lebanon LBN 1 22 60.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antun%20Saadeh.jpg?width=320 964 Ferenc Dávid Q559685 (c.1510–1579) Hungarian noble Philosopher 1510 1579-11-15 Principality of Transylvania ROU 0 22 60.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FerencDavid.jpg?width=320 964 Leontion Q2414934 ancient courtesan and philosopher Philosopher Epicureanism -400 -360 0 22 60.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epicurus%20en%20Leontium%2C%20Ludwig%20Gottlieb%20Portman%2C%201803.jpg?width=320 964 Tomáš Halík Q679516 Czech Catholic priest, philosopher, and theologian Philosopher 1948-06-01 CZE Czech Republic CZE 0 22 59.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Make%20the%20World%20Think%20Again%20Reason%2C%20Hope%2C%20and%20Faith%20in%20an%20Age%20of%20Populism%20(34084479516).jpg?width=320 964 Camillo Berneri Q969881 Italian philosopher (1897–1937) Philosopher 1897-05-20 1937-05-05 Kingdom of Italy ITA 2 22 59.65 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Camillo%20Berneri.jpg?width=320 964 Lanza del Vasto Q554949 philosopher, poet, artist, activist (1901–1981) Philosopher 1901-09-29 1981-01-05 France; Italy ITA 0 22 59.63 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lanza.jpg?width=320 964 Nikephoros Blemmydes Q928509 Byzantine philosopher Philosopher 1197 1269 Byzantine Empire TUR 0 22 59.24 964 Androcles Q512602 legendary figure in Aesop, with lion Philosopher 0100 0100 Ancient Rome 0 22 59.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Illustration%20at%20page%20107%20in%20Europa's%20Fairy%20Book.png?width=320 964 Chang Ping-lin Q197162 Chinese linguist (1868-1936) Philosopher 1868-12-25 1936-06-14 Republic of China; Qing dynasty CHN 0 22 58.58 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhangtaiyan1899.jpg?width=320 964 Gregory of Tatev Q2996527 philosopher, theologian, and saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church (1346-1410) Philosopher 1346 1410-01-05 Kingdom of Armenia GEO 0 22 58.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Commentary%20to%20David's%20psalms%20-%20portrait%20of%20Grigor%20Tatevatsi%201449.jpg?width=320 964 Friedrich Paulsen Q27913 German philosopher and educator (1846–1908) Philosopher Neo-Kantianism 1846-07-16 1908-08-14 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 22 58.18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulsen.1907.jpg?width=320 964 Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi Q4115227 Iraqi poet and philosopher (1863–1936) Philosopher 1863-06-18 1936-02-24 Kingdom of Iraq; Ottoman Empire; Mandatory Iraq IRQ 0 22 57.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jamil%20Sidqi%20al-Zahawi%20(BW%20portrait).jpg?width=320 964 Karl Ludwig von Haller Q125462 Swiss jurist (1768-1854) Philosopher 1768-08-01 1854-05-20 CHE Switzerland CHE 0 22 57.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KarlLudwigHaller.jpg?width=320 964 Ivan Kireyevsky Q981960 Russian philosopher (1806-1856) Philosopher 1806-04-03 1856-06-23 Russian Empire RUS 0 22 56.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kireevsky.jpg?width=320 964 Tadeusz Kotarbiński Q714839 Polish philosopher (1886–1981) Philosopher 1886-03-31 1981-10-03 POL Poland POL 0 22 56.77 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tadeusz%20Kotarbi%C5%84ski.jpg?width=320 964 John Hick Q531931 English philosopher of religion and theologian (1922-2012) Philosopher 1922-01-20 2012-02-09 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 22 56.73 964 Aleksei Losev Q1248105 Russian philosopher and philologist (1893-1988) Philosopher continental philosophy 1893-09-23 1988-05-24 Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic; Russian Empire; Soviet Union RUS 0 22 56.58 964 Anna Tumarkin Q124439 Swiss professor (1875-1951) Philosopher 1875-02-16 1951-08-07 CHE Switzerland BLR 0 22 56.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94%20%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg?width=320 964 Joseph B. Soloveitchik Q374965 American rabbi and theologian (1903–1993) Philosopher 1903-02-27 1993-04-09 DEU Germany BLR 2 22 56.11 964 Phan Thanh Gian Q470095 Vietnamese official (1796-1867) Philosopher 1796-11-11 1867-08-04 VNM Vietnam VNM 0 22 55.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phan%20Thanh%20Gian.jpg?width=320 964 Max Bense Q62373 German philosopher (1910-1990) Philosopher 1910-02-07 1990-04-29 DEU Germany FRA 0 22 55.69 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Max%20bense.jpg?width=320 964 George Gerbner Q634125 American writer, freelancer and sociologist (1919–2005) Philosopher 1919-08-08 2005-12-24 USA United States HUN 0 22 55.54 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Gerbner.jpg?width=320 964 Barbara Cassin Q1984757 French philologist and philosopher (born 1947) Philosopher 1947-10-24 FRA France FRA 1 22 55.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barbara%20Cassin%20(14360162318)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 964 Bernard Bosanquet Q822329 English philosopher (1848–1923) Philosopher 1848-06-14 1923-02-08 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland GBR 1 22 55.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BernardBosanquetPhilosopher.jpg?width=320 964 David Malet Armstrong Q1173590 Australian philosopher (1926-2014) Philosopher 1926-07-08 2014-05-13 AUS Australia AUS 0 22 54.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DavidMArmstrong.jpg?width=320 964 John McDowell Q1252398 South African philosopher and academic Philosopher 1942-03-07 ZAF South Africa ZAF 0 22 54.94 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20McDowell.JPG?width=320 964 Hector Boece Q652097 Scottish philosopher and historian (1465–1536) Philosopher 1465 1536 Kingdom of Scotland GBR 0 22 54.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HectorBoece.jpg?width=320 964 Michael Novak Q3177150 American theologian, philosopher, journalist, novelist, and diplomat (1933-2017) Philosopher 1933-09-09 2017-02-17 USA United States USA 0 22 53.23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MichaelNovak%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 964 Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn Q113951 Austrian noble and political theorist (1909-1999) Philosopher 1909-07-31 1999-05-26 AUT Austria AUT 0 22 53.22 964 Alister McGrath Q451103 Northern Irish theologian, Anglican priest, and academic (born 1953) Philosopher 1953-01-23 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 22 53.22 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alister%20McGrath.jpg?width=320 964 Ralph Barton Perry Q32679 American philosopher (1876–1957) Philosopher 1876-07-03 1957-01-22 USA United States USA 0 22 52.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ralph%20Barton%20Perry%20(1876%E2%80%931957).png?width=320 964 Julia Annas Q437981 British philosopher (born 1946) Philosopher 1946-06-13 United States; United Kingdom 0 22 52.14 964 Stephen Walt Q535356 American political scientist Philosopher 1955-07-02 USA United States USA 0 22 51.88 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Walt%20in%20Amsterdam.jpg?width=320 964 Peter Kreeft Q555572 theologian, philosopher, penman, university teacher (1937-) Philosopher 1937-03-16 USA United States USA 0 22 51.7 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Kreeft%20ca%202006.jpg?width=320 964 Rosemary Radford Ruether Q198346 American theologian (1936–2022) Philosopher 1936-11-02 2022-05-21 USA United States USA 0 22 50.05 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rosemary%20Radford%20Ruether%20%C2%A9Lynn%20Gilbert.jpg?width=320 1015 Porcia Q255448 daughter of Cato the Younger, wife of Brutus (c. 73 BC - 43 BC) Philosopher -100 0043 Ancient Rome 0 21 66.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portia%20Catonis.jpg?width=320 1015 Cesare Ripa Q721704 Italian art historian Philosopher 1560 1622-01-22 ITA Italy ITA 1 21 65.33 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Della%20nouissima%20Iconologia%20di%20Cesare%20Ripa%20Perugino%20Caualier%20de%20SS.%20Mauritio%20and%20Lazzaro%20-%20parte%20prima%20(-terza)%20-%20nella%20quale%20si%20descriuono%20diuerse%20imagini%20di%20virtu%2C%20vitij%2C%20affetti%2C%20passioni%20humane%2C%20(14767093413).jpg?width=320 1015 Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi Q3180928 Persian Muslim scholar (c. 1145 – 1234) Philosopher Suhrawardiyya 1145 1234 IRN 0 21 64.44 1015 John Cantius Q275624 Polish priest, Scholastic philosopher, physicist and theologian Philosopher 1390-07-01 1474-01-02 Kingdom of Poland POL 0 21 63.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jan%20Kanty.jpg?width=320 1015 Richard of Saint Victor Q1344799 12th-century Scottish mystic, theologian, and philosopher Philosopher 1110 1173-03-10 Kingdom of France GBR 15 21 63.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20de%20Saint-Victor%20(d%C3%A9tails%20d'une%20mignature%20de%20Giovanni%20di%20Paolo%2C%20XVe%20si%C3%A8cle).png?width=320 1015 Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī Q2637918 12th century Iraqi Islamic philosopher, physicist and physician Philosopher Islamic philosophy 1080 1165 IRQ 0 21 63.32 1015 Herman of Carinthia Q725859 12th-century Carinthian astrologer Philosopher 1100 1160 Holy Roman Empire HRV 0 21 63.1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euclid%20and%20Herman%20-%20Ashmole%20MS%20304%2C%20fol%202.jpg?width=320 1015 Gaius Marius Victorinus Q708247 Roman philosopher, theologian and writer Philosopher 0290 0364 Ancient Rome 2 21 62.98 1015 Philippus of Opus Q555818 ancient Greek philosopher Philosopher -400 -400 ITA 0 21 62.67 1015 Anathon Aall Q487387 Norwegian academic (1867–1943) Philosopher 1867-08-15 1943-01-09 NOR Norway NOR 0 21 62.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnathonAall.jpg?width=320 1015 Calcidius Q729244 Platonic philosopher (4th century AD) Philosopher 0400 0500 Ancient Rome 0 21 62.26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Timaeus%20trans%20calcidius%20med%20manuscript.jpg?width=320 1015 Johannes Nikolaus Tetens Q63081 German-Danish philosopher (1736-1807) Philosopher 1736-09-16 1807-08-17 Kingdom of Denmark; Germany DEU 1 21 62.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Nicolaus%20Tetens.%20Stipple%20engraving%20crop%20Wellcome%20V0005763.jpg?width=320 1015 Hayashi Razan Q558279 Japanese philosopher (1583–1657) Philosopher 1583 1657-03-07 JPN Japan JPN 2 21 61.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1%20%E5%83%8F.jpg?width=320 1015 Wonhyo Q485114 Korean Buddhist monk and commentator (617–686) Philosopher 0617 0686 Silla 10 21 61.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%A8%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%20%EC%98%81%EC%A0%95.JPG?width=320 1015 Friedrich Pollock Q77175 German social scientist (1894–1970) Philosopher Frankfurt School 1894-05-22 1970-12-16 DEU Germany DEU 0 21 61.83 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Pollock%20(1923).jpg?width=320 1015 Gilbert de La Porrée Q583119 French theologian (1070-1076, 1154) Philosopher 1070 1154-09-11 FRA France FRA 0 21 61.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gilbert%20de%20la%20Porr%C3%A9e.jpg?width=320 1015 Charondas Q256819 6th-century BC Greek legislator and statesman Philosopher -600 -600 ITA 0 21 61.32 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caronda.JPG?width=320 1015 Léon Brunschvicg Q951066 French philosopher (1869–1944) Philosopher 1869-11-10 1944-01-18 FRA France FRA 0 21 61.26 1015 Félix Ravaisson-Mollien Q1479519 French academic (1813–1900) Philosopher 1813-10-23 1900-05-18 FRA France BEL 0 21 61.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Felix%20Ravaisson-Mollien.jpg?width=320 1015 Claude Lefort Q373036 French philosopher (1924–2010) Philosopher 1924-04-21 2010-10-03 FRA France FRA 3 21 60.88 1015 Andrea Carlo Ferrari Q493594 Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and archbishop (1850–1921) Philosopher 1850-08-13 1921-02-02 Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 21 60.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrea%20Carlo%20Ferrari.jpg?width=320 1015 Tao Hongjing Q981888 Chinese polymath, writer, alchemist and astronomer, founder of Shangqing Taoism (456–536) Philosopher 0456-06-19 0536-04-20 Liu Song dynasty; Liang dynasty; Southern Qi CHN 5 21 60.28 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TaoHongJing.jpg?width=320 1015 Ramiro Ledesma Ramos Q1345080 Spanish author (1905–1936) Philosopher 1905-05-23 1936-10-29 ESP Spain ESP 0 21 59.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramiro%20Ledesma%20(circa%201930).jpg?width=320 1015 Antipater of Tarsus Q581732 Stoic philosopher Philosopher stoicism -300 -129 TUR 0 21 59.88 1015 Theodor Gomperz Q78683 Austrian philosopher (1832-1912) Philosopher 1832-03-29 1912-08-29 Austrian Empire; Austria–Hungary CZE 0 21 59.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Theodor%20Gomperz%201869.jpg?width=320 1015 Bernard Stiegler Q822727 French philosopher (1952–2020) Philosopher 1952-04-01 2020-08-05 FRA France FRA 4 21 59.6 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2016%20HTNM%20Bernard%20Stiegler%20(30301265471)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 1015 Lars Gustafsson Q372210 Swedish writer (1936-2016) Philosopher 1936-05-17 2016-04-03 SWE Sweden SWE 1 21 59.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lars%20Gustafsson%20in%202012.jpg?width=320 1015 Nemesius Q960345 late 4th century Greek philosopher and bishop of Emesa Philosopher 0350 0420 Byzantine Empire 0 21 59.51 1015 Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Q2607426 Gaudīya Vaisnava Hindu guru and instructor (1874–1937) Philosopher 1874-02-06 1936-12-31 British Raj IND 0 21 59.42 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhaktisiddhanta2.jpg?width=320 1015 Paul Janet Q565381 French philosopher (1823-1899) Philosopher eclecticism 1823-04-30 1899-10-04 FRA France FRA 0 21 59.39 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Janet.jpg?width=320 1015 Daniel Bensaïd Q432730 French philosopher (1946-2010) Philosopher 1946-03-25 2010-01-12 FRA France FRA 0 21 59.34 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DanielBensa%C3%AFd%20abr08%20copia.jpg?width=320 1015 Zeno of Tarsus Q189767 3rd century BCE Greek Stoic philosopher Philosopher stoicism -250 -200 TUR 0 21 59.11 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tarsuslu%20Zenon%2C%20stoac%C4%B1%20filozof%20.jpg?width=320 1015 Christian von Ehrenfels Q78603 Austrian philosopher (1859-1932) Philosopher 1859-06-20 1932-09-08 AUT Austria AUT 0 21 59.03 1015 Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar Q10352345 Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, social reformer and composer (1921–1990) Philosopher 1921-05-21 1990-10-21 IND India IND 0 21 59.02 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PRSarkar%20GentlemanPhoto%203.jpg?width=320 1015 Evald Ilyenkov Q1382977 Russian philosopher (1924–1979) Philosopher continental philosophy 1924-02-18 1979-03-21 Soviet Union RUS 0 21 58.85 1015 Critolaus Q1073837 ancient Greek philosopher from hellenistic Licia Philosopher peripatetic school -200 -120 Seleucid Empire TUR 0 21 58.61 1015 Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Q265902 Yogi (1888-1989) Philosopher 1888-11-18 1989-02-28 IND India IND 0 21 58.27 1015 Jean François de Saint-Lambert Q981928 French poet, philosopher and military officer Philosopher 1716-12-26 1803-02-09 FRA France FRA 0 21 58.19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Saint-Lambert.jpg?width=320 1015 Samuel ibn Tibbon Q338123 French Orthodox rabbi Philosopher 1150 1230 FRA France FRA 0 21 57.58 1015 William Thompson Q1340247 philosopher and political writer from Ireland (1775-1833) Philosopher 1775-06-30 1833-03-28 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland IRL 0 21 57.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinnery%20Thompson.jpg?width=320 1015 Helene von Druskowitz Q86525 Austrian writer and philosopher (1856–1918) Philosopher 1856-05-02 1918-05-31 Cisleithania AUT 0 21 57.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helene%20Druskowitz.gif?width=320 1015 Jean Cavaillès Q515633 French philosopher and mathematician (1903–1944) Philosopher 1903-05-15 1944-04-04 FRA France FRA 0 21 56.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Cavaill%C3%A8s.jpg?width=320 1015 Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Q728305 Polish renaissance scholar (1503-1572) Philosopher 1503-09-20 1572 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth POL 0 21 56.84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrzej%20Frycz%20Modrzewski.JPG?width=320 1015 Rosi Braidotti Q2662864 Italian-Australian feminist (1954-) Philosopher 1954-09-28 AUS Australia ITA 0 21 56.74 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Braidotti.jpg?width=320 1015 William David Ross Q1364954 Scottish philosopher and translator (1877–1971) Philosopher 1877-04-15 1971-05-05 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 21 56.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/W-D-Ross.jpg?width=320 1015 Jaegwon Kim Q180893 American philosopher (1934–2019) Philosopher 1934-09-12 2019-11-27 USA United States KOR 0 21 56.32 1015 Derek Prince Q542043 British missionary (1915-2003) Philosopher 1915-08-14 2003-09-24 United Kingdom; United States IND 0 21 56.21 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gone%20Home%20(5857962728).jpg?width=320 1015 Harry Frankfurt Q740969 American philosopher (1929–2023) Philosopher 1929-05-29 2023-07-16 USA United States USA 1 21 56.03 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harry%20Frankfurt%20at%202017%20ACLS%20Annual%20Meeting.jpg?width=320 1015 Semyon Frank Q981959 Russian philosopher (1877–1950) Philosopher Russian religious philosophy 1877-01-28 1950-12-10 France; United Kingdom RUS 0 21 55.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%20%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA.jpg?width=320 1015 Thomas Sebeok Q2143720 American semiotician (1920-2001) Philosopher 1920-11-09 2001-12-21 United States; Hungary HUN 0 21 55.3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SebeokinTartu%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 1015 Max Black Q687424 British-American philosopher Philosopher 1909-02-24 1988-08-27 USA United States AZE 1 21 54.2 1015 Bernard Lonergan Q530983 Canadian philosopher and theologian (1904–1984) Philosopher 1904-12-17 1984-11-26 CAN Canada CAN 0 21 53.75 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bernard%20Lonergan%20SJ.jpg?width=320 1015 John Peckham Q1322939 Archbishop of Canterbury Philosopher 1227 1292-12-15 GBR 0 21 53.69 1015 R. C. Sproul Q939038 American theologian and pastor (1939–2017) Philosopher 1939-02-13 2017-12-14 USA United States USA 0 21 53.17 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/R.%20C.%20Sproul.jpg?width=320 1015 David Ray Griffin Q521358 American philosopher (1939–2022) Philosopher 1939-08-08 2022-11-25 USA United States USA 0 21 53.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr.griffin.jpg?width=320 1015 Alice von Hildebrand Q275370 Belgian philosopher (1923–2022) Philosopher 1923-03-11 2022-01-14 United States; Belgium BEL 0 21 52.85 1015 Vicente Ferreira da Silva Q30611310 Brazilian logician, mathematician, and philosopher Philosopher 1916-01-10 1963-07-19 BRA Brazil BRA 0 21 52.64 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vicente%20Ferreira%20dSilva.jpg?width=320 1015 J. J. C. Smart Q600759 Australian philosopher and academic (1920–2012) Philosopher 1920-09-16 2012-10-06 Australia; United Kingdom GBR 0 21 52 1073 Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda Q940132 Spanish philosopher and theologian (1490-1573) Philosopher 1490 1573-11-27 ESP Spain 0 20 66.25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Juan%20Gin%C3%A9s%20de%20Sep%C3%BAlveda%20(cropped).jpg?width=320 1073 Myia Q456560 Pythagorean philosopher Philosopher -600 -560 ITA 0 20 65.59 1073 Barrington Moore, Jr. Q241199 American historian and sociologist Philosopher 1913-05-12 2005-10-16 USA United States USA 0 20 65.23 1073 Maximus of Ephesus Q248793 Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher 0310 0372 Ancient Rome TUR 0 20 63.86 1073 Clarence Irving Lewis Q725642 American philosopher (1883–1964) Philosopher 1883-04-12 1964-02-03 USA United States USA 0 20 63.21 1073 Franz Leopold Neumann Q63195 German political activist (1900–1954) Philosopher 1900-05-23 1954-09-02 Weimar Republic; German Empire POL 0 20 63.11 1073 Hermias Q1613489 Greek philosopher Philosopher 0401 0450 Byzantine Empire EGY 0 20 62.7 1073 Glaucon Q1364945 older brother of Plato Philosopher -445 GRC Classical Athens GRC 0 20 62.46 1073 Isaac ben Solomon al-Israeli Q536837 medieval Jewish physician and philosopher Philosopher 0858 0932 Fatimid Caliphate EGY 5 20 61.86 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De%20febribus.jpg?width=320 1073 John Italus Q947651 Byzantine philosopher (11th century) Philosopher 1025 1112 Byzantine Empire ITA 0 20 61.45 1073 Hans Robert Jauss Q61262 German Romance philologist (1921-1997) Philosopher 1921-12-12 1997-03-01 DEU Germany DEU 0 20 61.12 1073 Cheng Hao Q558192 Chinese philosopher (1032–1085) Philosopher Neo-Confucianism; Cheng-Zhu school 1032 1085 Song dynasty CHN 0 20 61.07 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E5%BE%A1%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%A2.jpg?width=320 1073 Metrodorus of Chios Q535769 4th-century BC Greek philosopher Philosopher -500 -400 GRC 0 20 60.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bust%20Metrodoros%20Glyptothek%20Munich.jpg?width=320 1073 Gómez Pereira Q279030 Spanish philosopher Philosopher 1500 1567 ESP Spain ESP 0 20 60.51 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/El%20Greco%2C%20retrato%20de%20un%20m%C3%A9dico.jpg?width=320 1073 Bahya ibn Paquda Q762229 Spanish Jewish philosopher and rabbi (c.1050–1120) Philosopher 1050 1120 Taifa of Zaragoza ESP 0 20 59.86 1073 Michael Löwy Q679718 French sociologist Philosopher 1938-05-06 France; Brazil BRA 3 20 59.81 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20L%C3%B6wy.jpg?width=320 1073 Ernst von Glasersfeld Q112176 German philosopher (1917–2010) Philosopher 1917-03-08 2010-11-12 United States; Austria DEU 0 20 59.35 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst-von-Glasersfeld%202008%203-fach.jpg?width=320 1073 Caspar Bartholin the Elder Q264593 Danish polymath (1585-1629) Philosopher 1585-02-12 1629-07-13 Denmark–Norway SWE 0 20 59.29 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caspar%20Bartholin%20den%20%C3%A6ldre.jpg?width=320 1073 Sosipatra Q291952 4th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Philosopher -400 -400 Ancient Rome TUR 0 20 59.26 1073 Olof Celsius Q954771 Swedish botanist (1670-1756) Philosopher 1670-07-19 1756-06-24 SWE Sweden 0 20 59.21 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Olof%20Celsius%20den%20%C3%A4ldre%20SP176.jpg?width=320 1073 Wei Yuan Q597003 Qing dynasty Chinese scholar (1794-1857) Philosopher 1794-04-23 1856 Qing dynasty CHN 2 20 58.89 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wei%20Yuan.png?width=320 1073 Dominicus Gundissalinus Q1237726 Spanish philosopher Philosopher 1115 1190 ESP Spain ESP 0 20 58.8 1073 Jerzy Żuławski Q1373117 Polish philosopher, writer, poet and playwright of the Young Poland period (1874–1915) Philosopher 1874-07-14 1915-08-09 Austria–Hungary POL 1 20 58.46 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ppor.%20Jerzy%20%C5%BBu%C5%82awski.jpg?width=320 1073 Simón Rodríguez Q1358685 Venezuelan educator, philosopher and politician Philosopher 1771-10-28 1853-02-28 ESP Spain VEN 0 20 58.38 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anonimo%20010.JPG?width=320 1073 Justus Möser Q65087 German jurist and social theorist (1720-1794) Philosopher 1720-12-14 1794-01-08 DEU Germany DEU 0 20 58.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Justus-moeser%201.jpg?width=320 1073 Ada Adler Q346052 Danish classical scholar (1878-1946) Philosopher 1878-02-18 1946-12-28 Kingdom of Denmark DNK 0 20 58.12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ada%20Adler.png?width=320 1073 Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster Q66023 German academic, philosopher, editor and pacifist (1869-1966) Philosopher 1869-06-02 1966-01-09 DEU Germany DEU 1 20 57.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1923%20F%20W%20Foerster.jpg?width=320 1073 István Mészáros Q128179 (1930–2017) Hungarian philosopher Philosopher Budapest School 1930-12-19 2017-10-01 HUN Hungary HUN 0 20 57.52 1073 Damaris Cudworth Masham Q2332520 British philosopher (1659-1708) Philosopher 1659-01-18 1708-04-20 Kingdom of Great Britain GBR 0 20 57.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Damaris%20Cudworth.jpg?width=320 1073 Carlo Cattaneo Q1042024 Italian patriot, philosopher and politician (1801-1869) Philosopher 1801-06-15 1869-02-06 Kingdom of Italy ITA 0 20 57.15 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Matania%20Edoardo%20-%20Ritratto%20giovanile%20di%20Carlo%20Cattaneo%20-%20xilografia%20-%201887.jpg?width=320 1073 Mustafa Mahmoud Q968721 Egyptian scientist and Muslm and author (1921–2009) Philosopher Shadhili 1921-12-27 2009-10-31 EGY Egypt EGY 5 20 57.12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg?width=320 1073 Theodor Benfey Q76162 German philologist (1809-1881) Philosopher 1809-01-28 1881-06-26 Kingdom of Prussia DEU 0 20 56.95 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benfey%2C%20Theodor%20(1809-1881).jpg?width=320 1073 Ladislav Klíma Q1354569 Czech philosopher and bookwriter (1878–1928) Philosopher 1878-08-22 1928-04-19 Czechoslovakia CZE 1 20 56.66 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ladislav%20Kl%C3%ADma.jpg?width=320 1073 Dimitris Kitsikis Q939629 Greek academic (1935–2021) Philosopher 1935-06-02 2021-08-28 GRC Greece GRC 0 20 56.56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dimitri%20kitsikis.jpg?width=320 1073 Abram Deborin Q129126 Russian philosopher (1881–1963) Philosopher 1881-06-16 1963-03-08 Russian Empire; Soviet Union LTU 0 20 55.89 1073 Ion Dragoumis Q737889 Greek diplomat and philosopher (1878–1920) Philosopher 1878-09-14 1920-08-13 Kingdom of Greece GRC 0 20 55.82 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ion%20Dragoumis.jpg?width=320 1073 Liang Shuming Q1167488 Chinese philosopher (1893-1988) Philosopher 1893-10-18 1988-06-23 CHN People's Republic of China CHN 1 20 55.4 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liang%20Shuming.jpg?width=320 1073 Sedulius Scottus Q2609522 Irish teacher, Latin grammarian and scriptural commentator Philosopher Carolingian Renaissance 0850 0858 Carolingian Empire 10 20 55.31 1073 Antonio Escohotado Q8201210 Spanish essayist and university professor Philosopher 1941-07-05 2021-11-21 ESP Spain ESP 1 20 53.9 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Escohotado.jpg?width=320 1073 William Alston Q125879 American Christian philosopher (1921–2009) Philosopher 1921-11-29 2009-09-13 USA United States USA 0 20 53.9 1073 Raya Dunayevskaya Q438632 American philosopher (1910-1987) Philosopher Western philosophy 1910-05-01 1987-06-09 USA United States UKR 0 20 52.67 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raya%20Dunayevskaya%201960s.jpg?width=320 1073 Eric A. Havelock Q561416 British classical philologist (1903–1988) Philosopher 1903-06-03 1988-04-04 CAN Canada GBR 0 20 52.39 1073 Ned Block Q1722354 American philosopher and academic Philosopher 1942 USA United States USA 0 20 51.99 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Large%20ned.block.jpg?width=320 1073 Christine Korsgaard Q467518 American philosopher Philosopher 1952-04-09 USA United States USA 0 20 51.36 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christine%20Korsgaard%20at%20Amherst%20College%202.jpg?width=320 1073 Ruth Barcan Marcus Q437943 American philosopher (1921-2012) Philosopher 1921-08-02 2012-02-19 USA United States USA 2 20 51.16 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ruth%20Barcan%20Marcus.jpg?width=320 1073 Nancy Cartwright Q512979 American philosopher Philosopher 1944-01-24 USA United States USA 0 20 50.45 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nancy%20Cartwright%201990s.jpg?width=320 1073 Gadis Arivia Q12483227 Indonesian feminist philosopher, lecturer, scholar, and activist Philosopher 1964-09-08 IDN Indonesia IND 0 20 43.2 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gadis%20Arivia%20at%20the%20International%20Conference%20on%20Feminism%2C%202016-09-24%2003.jpg?width=320 1073 Julian Baggini Q737519 British philosopher, author and journalist (born 1968) Philosopher 1968-09-09 GBR United Kingdom GBR 0 20 42.93 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julian%20Baggini-1.jpg?width=320