Famous philosophers

Source: https://aidb.si/d/philosophers — Pantheon by Datawheel (pantheon.world), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Please cite: Yu, A. Z., Ronen, S., Hu, K., Lu, T. & Hidalgo, C. A. (2016). Pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. Scientific Data 3:150075. doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.75 Dates, citizenship, notable works, descriptions and sitelinks from Wikidata (CC0); images from Wikimedia Commons.

RankNameWikidataDescriptionOccupationMovementBornDiedCitizenshipCountries of citizenshipBirth countryNotable worksSitelinksHPIImage
1AristotleQ868Greek philosopherPhilosopherperipatetic school-384-322GRC932096.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristotle%20Altemps%20Inv8575.jpg?width=320
2ConfuciusQ46045th-century BCE Chinese philosopher and politicianPhilosopherConfucianism-551-479LuCHN131593.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Confucius%2C%20fresco%20from%20a%20Western%20Han%20tomb%20of%20Dongping%20County%2C%20Shandong%20province%2C%20China.jpg?width=320
3PlatoQ8594th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-427-347GRCClassical AthensGRC3830495.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plato%20Silanion%20Musei%20Capitolini%20MC1377.jpg?width=320
4The BuddhaQ9441Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE)PhilosopherNoble Eightfold Path; dharma; nirvana-566-452NPL027899.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Buddha%20in%20Sarnath%20Museum%20(Dhammajak%20Mutra).jpg?width=320
4SocratesQ9135th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosopher-470-399GRCClassical AthensGRC027894.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Socrates%20Louvre.jpg?width=320
6Immanuel KantQ9312German philosopher (1724-1804)PhilosopherGerman idealism; Age of Enlightenment1724-04-221804-02-12Kingdom of PrussiaRUS825692.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Immanuel%20Kant%20-%20Gemaelde%202.jpg?width=320
6René DescartesQ9191French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)Philosopherrationalism1596-03-311650-02-11FRAFranceFRA325692.12https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frans%20Hals%20-%20Portret%20van%20Ren%C3%A9%20Descartes.jpg?width=320
6Friedrich NietzscheQ9358German philosopher (1844-1900)Philosopher1844-10-151900-08-25Kingdom of PrussiaDEU725690.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nietzsche187a.jpg?width=320
9Jean-Jacques RousseauQ6527Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)PhilosopherBaroque music; Enlightenment philosophy1712-06-281778-07-02Republic of GenevaCHE423691.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Jacques%20Rousseau%20(painted%20portrait).jpg?width=320
10Niccolò MachiavelliQ1399Florentine statesman, diplomat, and political theorist (1469–1527)PhilosopherHigh Renaissance1469-05-121527-07-01Republic of FlorenceITA323090.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Niccol%C3%B2%20Machiavelli%20by%20Santi%20di%20Tito.jpg?width=320
11Augustine of HippoQ8018Christian theologian, philosopher, and saint (354–430)Philosopher0354-11-140430-08-29Ancient RomeDZA322890.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Saint%20Augustine%20by%20Philippe%20de%20Champaigne.jpg?width=320
12LaoziQ93336th-century BC semi-legendary Chinese philosopher, founder of TaoismPhilosopherHundred Schools of Thought; Taoism; Eastern philosophy-604-600Zhou dynastyCHN121691.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhang%20Lu-Laozi%20Riding%20an%20Ox%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
13PythagorasQ10261Greek philosopher and mathematician (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; Pythagoreanism-570-495SamosGRC321293.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapitolinischer%20Pythagoras.jpg?width=320
14John LockeQ9353English philosopher and physician (1632-1704)Philosopherempiricism1632-09-081704-11-08Kingdom of EnglandGBR621187.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JohnLocke.png?width=320
15Thomas AquinasQ9438Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church (1225–1274)PhilosopherThomism; scholasticism; just war theory12251274-03-14ITA1620888.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg?width=320
16Friedrich EngelsQ34787German philosopher, sociologist and economist (1820–1895)Philosopher1820-11-281895-08-05GBRUnited KingdomDEU420185.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Engels%20portrait%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
17Georg Wilhelm Friedrich HegelQ9235German philosopher and theologian (1770–1831)PhilosopherHegelianism; historicism; German idealism1770-08-271831-11-14Kingdom of WürttembergDEU819688.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jakob%20Schlesinger%20-%20Hegel%201831.jpg?width=320
18AvicennaQ8011Persian polymath, physician and philosopher (c. 980–1037)Philosopher09801037-06-24UZB319492.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pursina.jpg?width=320
19Francis BaconQ37388English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)Philosopherempiricism1561-02-011626-04-19Kingdom of EnglandGBR218890.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Somer%20Francis%20Bacon.jpg?width=320
20Benedictus de SpinozaQ35802Dutch philosopher (1632–1677)Philosopherrationalism; Western philosophy1632-11-241677-02-21Dutch RepublicNLD217890.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spinoza.jpg?width=320
21Arthur SchopenhauerQ38193German philosopher (1788-1860)Philosopherirrationalism1788-02-221860-09-21Kingdom of PrussiaPOL217787.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arthur%20Schopenhauer%20by%20J%20Sch%C3%A4fer%2C%201859b.jpg?width=320
22Ludwig WittgensteinQ9391Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1889-04-261951-04-29Austria; United KingdomAUT217483.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20Wittgenstein.jpg?width=320
23Søren KierkegaardQ6512Danish theologian, philosopher, poet and social critic (1813–1855)Philosopherexistentialism1813-05-051855-11-11Kingdom of DenmarkDNK1017184.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S%C3%B8ren%20Kierkegaard%20(1813-1855)%20-%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
24Sun TzuQ371516th century BCE Chinese general and military strategistPhilosopher-544-470Qi; WuCHN116683.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%90%B4%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%99%E6%AD%A6.jpg?width=320
25MontesquieuQ15975French philosopher (1689–1755)Philosopher1689-01-181755-02-10Kingdom of FranceFRA116387.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Montesquieu%201.png?width=320
26ThalesQ36303ancient Greek philosopher and mathematicianPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Milesian school-625-546TUR116289.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Illustrerad%20Verldshistoria%20band%20I%20Ill%20107.svg?width=320
26PlutarchQ41523Greek philosopher and historian (c. AD 46 – after AD 119)Philosopher00460120Ancient RomeGRC216283.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plutarch%20of%20Chaeronea-03.jpg?width=320
28Thomas HobbesQ37621English philosopher (1588–1679)Philosopherdeterminism; empiricism; legal positivism1588-04-051679-12-04Kingdom of EnglandGBR416185.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Hobbes%20(portrait).jpg?width=320
29SenecaQ2054Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist (c. 4 BCE–65 CE)Philosopherstoicism-40065-04-10Ancient RomeESP515986.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Duble%20herma%20of%20Socrates%20and%20Seneca%20Antikensammlung%20Berlin%2007.jpg?width=320
29David HumeQ37160Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (1711-1776)PhilosopherAge of Enlightenment; empiricism; naturalism1711-05-071776-08-25Kingdom of Great BritainGBR415983.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Hume%20Ramsay.jpg?width=320
31ErasmusQ43499Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and theologian (1466-1536)PhilosopherRenaissance philosophy1466-11-061536-07-22Seventeen ProvincesNLD615688.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Holbein-erasmus.jpg?width=320
32DemocritusQ41980Greek philosopher (c. 460–c. 370 BC)Philosopheratomism-460-360GRC115486.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unknown%20greek%20pushkin.jpg?width=320
33EpicurusQ43216ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherEpicureanism-342-270GRCClassical AthensGRC015186.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epikouros%20BM%201843.jpg?width=320
34Martin HeideggerQ48301German philosopher (1889–1976)Philosopherphenomenology; Lebensphilosophie; existential philosophy1889-09-261976-05-26DEUGermanyDEU415084.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heidegger%202%20(1960).jpg?width=320
35HeraclitusQ41155Greek philosopher (late 6th/early 5th-century BC)PhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Western philosophy; Ionian School-535-470TUREphesusTUR014789.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ca'%20Rezzonico%20-%20Eraclito%201705%20-%20Giuseppe%20Torretti.jpg?width=320
36Al-GhazaliQ9546Persian Sunni Muslim scholar and mystic (c.1058–1111)Philosopher10581111-12-26Seljuk EmpireIRN514685.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.png?width=320
37ChanakyaQ9045Ancient Indian teacher and strategist who authored the foundational manual on political economyPhilosopher-375-283PAK114477.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chanakya%20artistic%20depiction.jpg?width=320
38Mikhail BakuninQ27645Russian revolutionary anarchist and philosopher (1814–1876)Philosopheratheism; Western philosophy; libertarian socialism1814-05-301876-06-13FRAFranceRUS314382.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bakunin%20Nadar.jpg?width=320
39Michel de MontaigneQ41568French author, philosopher, and statesman (1533–1592)Philosopher1533-03-101592-09-13Kingdom of FranceFRA114083.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Montaigne-Dumonstier.jpg?width=320
40Swami VivekanandaQ47478Indian Hindu monk and philosopher (1863–1902)Philosopher1863-01-121902-07-04British RajIND513982.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Swami%20Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg?width=320
41Henri BergsonQ42156French philosopher (1859–1941)Philosophercontinental philosophy1859-10-181941-01-04FRAFranceFRA013882.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri%20Bergson%2002.jpg?width=320
42Auguste ComteQ12718French philosopher, mathematician and sociologist (1798–1857)Philosopherpositivism1798-01-191857-09-05FRAFranceFRA013385.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20dAuguste%20Comte%20(maison%20dA.%20Comte%2C%20Paris)%20(2424895050).jpg?width=320
42Thomas MoreQ42544English statesman, lawyer and philosopher (1478–1535)Philosopher1478-02-161535-07-16Kingdom of EnglandGBR313381.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Holbein%2C%20the%20Younger%20-%20Sir%20Thomas%20More%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=320
44AverroesQ39837Arab Andalusian Muslim writer and philosopher (1126–1198)Philosopheraristotelianism; Averroism1126-04-211198-12-17ESP413286.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20of%20Averroes%20in%20C%C3%B3rdoba%2C%20Spain.jpg?width=320
45Zhu XiQ9397Chinese historian, neo-Confucian philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty (1130–1200)PhilosopherCheng-Zhu school1130-10-251200-04-30Song dynastyCHN313181.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F.jpg?width=320
46Karl PopperQ81244Austrian-British philosopher of science and social and política e falsificationism and for criticism of Plato, Hegel and Marx as totalitarian opponents of open society (1902-1994)Philosopherliberalism1902-07-281994-09-17Austria; United KingdomAUT713081.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Popper.jpg?width=320
47Michel FoucaultQ44272French philosopher (1926–1984)Philosopheratheism; continental philosophy; Post-structuralism1926-10-151984-06-25FRAFranceFRA612982.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20of%20Michel%20Foucault%20on%201970%20dustjacket%20of%20The%20Order%20of%20Things.jpg?width=320
48Hannah ArendtQ60025German-American political theorist and philosopher (1906–1975)Philosopherphenomenology1906-10-141975-12-04United States; statelessnessDEU612782.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hannah%20Arendt%20auf%20dem%201.%20Kulturkritikerkongress%2C%20Barbara%20Niggl%20Radloff%2C%20FM-2019-1-5-9-16%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
48Antonio GramsciQ83003Italian Marxist philosopher, writer, and politician (1891–1937)PhilosopherNeo-Marxism; Marxist humanism; Western Marxism1891-01-221937-04-27Kingdom of ItalyITA112780.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gramsci.png?width=320
48Pliny the ElderQ82778Roman military commander and writer (AD23/24–79)Philosopher00230079Ancient RomeITA112780.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grande%20Illustrazione%20del%20Lombardo%20Veneto%20Vol%203%20Plinio%20Secondo%20300dpi.jpg?width=320
51LucretiusQ471541st-century BC Roman poet and philosopherPhilosopheratomism-94-55Ancient RomeITA012583.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucretius1.png?width=320
52Diogenes of SinopeQ591804th-century BC Greek Cynic philosopherPhilosopherCynicism-400-323TURSinopeTUR012288.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diogenes-statue-Sinop-enhanced.jpg?width=320
52NagarjunaQ1711953rd-century Indian Buddhist philosopherPhilosopher01500250IND012280.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nagarjuna%20at%20Samye%20Ling%20Monastery.JPG?width=320
54Herbert SpencerQ144535English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903)Philosopherutilitarianism; freethought; positivism1820-04-271903-12-08United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR312080.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herbert%20Spencer.jpg?width=320
54Thomas CarlyleQ151403Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher (1795–1881)Philosopher1795-12-041881-02-05Kingdom of Great Britain; United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR912071.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Carlyle.%20Photograph%20by%20Elliott%20%26%20Fry.%20Wellcome%20V0027634%20(Cropped).jpg?width=320
56EpictetusQ183144Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50–c. 138)Philosopherstoicism00500138Ancient RomeTUR011881.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epictetus%20from%20L.%20Annaei%20Senecae%20philosophi%20Opera%2C%201605%2C%20title%20page%20detail.png?width=320
57RamakrishnaQ183126Indian mystic and religious preacher (1836–1886)Philosopher1836-02-181886-08-16British RajIND011581.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramakrishna.jpg?width=320
58AnaxagorasQ830415th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Pluralist school-500-428TUR011482.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaxagoras%20Lebiedzki%20Rahl.jpg?width=320
58Johann Gottlieb FichteQ102585German philosopher (1762–1814)PhilosopherGerman idealism; German Romanticism1762-05-191814-01-27DEUGermanyDEU011481.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Gottlieb%20Fichte%20by%20Friedrich%20Bury.jpg?width=320
60ParmenidesQ125551late 6th/early 5th century BC Greek pre-Socratic philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Eleatics-515-470ITA011384.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Busto%20di%20Parmenide%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
61AnaximanderQ42458pre-Socratic Greek philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Milesian school-610-546MiletusTUR111283.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaximander.jpg?width=320
61George BerkeleyQ82049Irish idealist philosopher and Anglican bishop (1685–1753)Philosopherimmaterialism; empiricism1685-03-121753-01-14Kingdom of IrelandIRL811279.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Berkeley%20by%20Jonh%20Smibert.jpg?width=320
63Ludwig FeuerbachQ76422German philosopher and anthropologist (1804–1872)Philosopheratheism; German idealism1804-07-281872-09-13Kingdom of BavariaDEU211080.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20Feuerbach%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
64Maria MontessoriQ131117Italian physician and educator (1870-1952)Philosopher1870-08-311952-05-06ITAItalyITA010984.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maria%20Montessori%20(portrait).jpg?width=320
64Carl von ClausewitzQ76430German-Prussian general and military theorist (1780–1831)Philosopher1780-06-011831-11-16Kingdom of PrussiaDEU110979.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clausewitz.jpg?width=320
66EmpedoclesQ833755th century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Pluralist school-494-434AkragasITA210883.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Empedocles.%20Line%20engraving%2C%201580.%20Wellcome%20V0001766.jpg?width=320
66ProtagorasQ169243Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (c.490–c.420 BC)PhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; sophism-490-420GRC010883.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Salvator%20Rosa%20-%20D%C3%A9mocrite%20et%20Protagoras.jpg?width=320
66MenciusQ188903Chinese Confucian philosopher (372–289 BC)Philosopher-372-289ZhuCHN010879.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Meng%20Ke%20(%E5%AD%9F%E8%BB%BB).jpg?width=320
66Pierre-Joseph ProudhonQ5749French politician, philosopher, anarchist and socialist (1809-1865)Philosopher1809-01-151865-01-19Belgium; FranceFRA510879.12https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20Pierre-Joseph%20Proudhon%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
70Jeremy BenthamQ60887British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer (1748–1832)Philosopherutilitarianism1748-02-151832-06-06FRAFranceGBR010778.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jeremy%20Bentham%20by%20Henry%20William%20Pickersgill%20detail.jpg?width=320
71Jiddu KrishnamurtiQ179266Indian spiritual philosopher, mystic, speaker and writer (1895–1986)Philosopher1895-05-121986-02-17INDIndiaIND410675.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jiddu%20Krishnamurti%2001.jpg?width=320
72PlotinusQ134189Hellenistic Platonist philosopher and founder of Neoplatonism (c. 204/5–270)Philosopher02050270Ancient RomeEGY110482.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Monti%20-%20Servizio%20fotografico%20(Roma%2C%201969)%20-%20BEIC%206353762.jpg?width=320
72Jürgen HabermasQ76357German sociologist and philosopher (1929–2026)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1929-06-182026-03-14DEUGermanyDEU410479.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JuergenHabermas%20retouched.jpg?width=320
74Peter AbelardQ4295French scholastic philosopher, theologian and preeminent logician (c.1079-1142)Philosopherscholasticism; nominalism; Classical period10791142-04-28Kingdom of FranceFRA1710380.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abelard.jpg?width=320
75Edmund HusserlQ58586German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (1859–1938)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1859-04-081938-04-27German Reich; Austrian EmpireCZE210280.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edmund%20Husserl%201910s.jpg?width=320
75Rudolf Christoph EuckenQ47695(1846-1926) German philosopherPhilosopherGerman idealism; continental philosophy1846-01-051926-09-15Weimar Republic; Kingdom of Prussia; German EmpireDEU010279.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eucken-im-Alter.png?width=320
75Johann Gottfried HerderQ155547German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)PhilosopherAge of Enlightenment; romantic nationalism1744-08-251803-12-18Kingdom of PrussiaPOL410279.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Gottfried%20Herder%202.jpg?width=320
75Aurobindo GhoshQ192207Indian Bengali philosopher, yogi, maharishi, poet and nationalist (1872–1950)Philosopher1872-08-151950-12-05INDIndiaIND710271.21https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sri%20aurobindo.jpg?width=320
79Jacques DerridaQ130631French philosopher (1930–2004)PhilosopherPost-structuralism; deconstruction1930-07-152004-10-09FRAFranceDZA010178.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Derrida%20EHESS%20(cropped).png?width=320
80Zhuang ZhouQ47739Chinese Taoist philosopher (c. 369–286 BC)Philosopher-369-288SongCHN110081.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhuangzi.png?width=320
80XenophanesQ131671Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher (c.570–c.478 BC)Philosopherancient philosophy; Pre-Socratic philosophy-570-478TUR010080.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xenophanes%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320
80TertullianQ174929Roman Christian theologian and writer (c. 155 – c. 220)Philosopher01600240Ancient RomeTUN310078.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tertullian2.png?width=320
83FarabiQ16046010th century Persian philosopher and juristPhilosopher08700951Abbasid CaliphateAFG59984.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Farabi.jpg?width=320
83John Amos ComeniusQ12735Czech teacher, educator, philosopher and writer (1592-1670)Philosopher1592-03-281670-11-15Habsburg monarchyCZE09982.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jan%20Amos%20Comenius%20(Komensky)%20(1592-1670).%20Tsjechisch%20humanist%20en%20pedagoog.%20Als%20voorganger%20van%20de%20Moravische%20of%20Boheemse%20Broedergemeente%20verdreven%20en%20sedert%201656%20gevestigd%20te%20Amsterdam%20Rijksmuseum%20SK-A-2161.jpeg?width=320
83Walter BenjaminQ61078German cultural critic, philosopher and social critic (1892–1940)PhilosopherMarxism1892-07-151940-09-26German Reich; Kingdom of PrussiaDEU59978.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Walter%20Benjamin%20vers%201928.jpg?width=320
83Slavoj ŽižekQ184750Slovenian philosopher (born 1949)PhilosopherLjubljana school of psychoanalysis; continental philosophy; Lacanianism1949-03-21SVNSloveniaSVN09974.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Slavoj%20%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
87OshoQ148285Indian guru and leader of the Rajneesh movement (1931–1990)PhilosopherRajneesh movement1931-12-111990-01-19INDIndiaIND09883.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhagwan%20beweging%20gekwetst%20door%20reclame-affiche%20van%20het%20NRC%20met%20de%20tekst%20profeet%2C%20Bestanddeelnr%20933-0734-cropped.jpg?width=320
87Zeno of EleaQ132157Greek philosopher (c. 495 – c. 430 BC)Philosopher-490-425ITA19881.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portretbuste%20van%20Zeno%20van%20Elea%20Paradigmata%20graphices%20variorum%20artificum%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1907-4495.jpg?width=320
87Karl JaspersQ76509German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher (1883–1969)Philosophercontinental philosophy1883-02-231969-02-26Switzerland; GermanyDEU19880.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Jaspers%201910.jpg?width=320
87TheophrastusQ160362Greek philosopher (c.371-c.287 BC)Philosopherperipatetic school-371-287GRCClassical AthensGRC89880.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Teofrasto%20Orto%20botanico%20head.jpg?width=320
87Wilhelm von HumboldtQ77888Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)PhilosopherGerman new humanism1767-06-221835-04-08Kingdom of PrussiaDEU09878.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/W.v.Humboldt.jpg?width=320
87William of OckhamQ43936English Franciscan friar and theologian (c.1287–1347)Philosophernominalism; scholasticism12871349-04-17Kingdom of EnglandGBR49877.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20of%20Ockham.png?width=320
87Simone WeilQ157309French philosopher, writer, and social activist (1909–1943)Philosopher1909-02-031943-08-24FRAFranceFRA69876.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simone%20Weil%201943.jpg?width=320
87Ādi ShankaraQ180967An Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta and revitalized Sanskrit scholasticism.PhilosopherBhakti movement07880820IND09875.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raja%20Ravi%20Varma%20-%20Sankaracharya.jpg?width=320
95Roger BaconQ171677English polymath, philosopher and friar (c.1219/20–c.1292)Philosopherscholasticism12201292-06-18Kingdom of EnglandGBR119478.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger-bacon-statue.jpg?width=320
96Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph SchellingQ60070German philosopher (1775–1854)PhilosopherGerman idealism1775-01-271854-08-20CHESwitzerlandDEU19380.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Wilhelm%20Joseph%20Schelling%2C%201848%20daguerreotype%20-%20cropped.jpg?width=320
96BoethiusQ102851Roman senator and philosopher of the early 6th century (480–524)Philosopher04800524Ostrogothic KingdomITA69378.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boethius%20initial%20consolation%20philosophy.jpg?width=320
96Joseph PriestleyQ159636English chemist, theologian, educator, and political theorist (1733–1804)Philosopher1733-03-241804-02-06GBRUnited KingdomGBR09376.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priestley.jpg?width=320
96Miguel de UnamunoQ185085Spanish poet (1864-1936)PhilosopherGeneration of '981864-09-291936-12-31ESPSpainESP29373.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Miguel%20de%20Unamuno%20Meurisse%201925.jpg?width=320
100Zeno of CitiumQ171303Greek philosopher, founder of StoicismPhilosopherstoicism-334-263KitionCYP09280.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Monti%20-%20Servizio%20fotografico%20(Napoli%2C%201969)%20-%20BEIC%206353768.jpg?width=320
101Anaximenes of MiletusQ80612Greek Ionian Pre-Socratic philosopher (c.586–c.526 BC)PhilosopherMilesian school; Pre-Socratic philosophy-585-525TUR09176.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaximenes.jpg?width=320
101Max StirnerQ76725German philosopher (1806–1856)Philosophersolipsism; Young Hegelians; Ethical egoism1806-10-251856-06-26Kingdom of Bavaria; Kingdom of PrussiaDEU19175.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Engels%20-%20Die%20Freien%20(1842)-1.1%20V01-1.2%20raw%20RGASPI%20(Stirner%20cropped).jpg?width=320
101Judith ButlerQ219368American feminist gender studies philosopher (born 1956)PhilosopherPost-structuralism1956-02-24USAUnited StatesUSA49169.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Judith%20Butler%20al%20CCCB%202018%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
104Ibn ArabiQ46420Sufi scholar and Sunni philosopher (1165–1240)Philosopher1165-08-041240-11-23Almohad CaliphateESP59080.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20Arabi.jpg?width=320
104Oswald SpenglerQ57112German historian and philosopher (1880-1936)PhilosopherConservative Revolution1880-05-291936-05-08DEUGermanyDEU19075.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20183-R06610%2C%20Oswald%20Spengler.jpg?width=320
104Marshall McLuhanQ193871Canadian educator, philosopher, and scholar (1911–1980)Philosopher1911-07-211980-12-31CANCanadaCAN09072.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marshall%20McLuhan.jpg?width=320
107GorgiasQ179785Greek presocratic philosopher and sophist (483–375 BC)Philosophersophist; sophism; Pre-Socratic philosophy-485-375GRC08880.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorgia%20di%20Leontini.png?width=320
107Gregory of NazianzusQ44011Christian saint and theologian (c. 329 – 390)Philosopher03300389-01-26Ancient RomeTUR18880.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gregor-Chora%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
107Gilles DeleuzeQ184226French philosopher (1925–1995)Philosophermaterialism; continental philosophy; Western philosophy1925-01-181995-11-04FRAFranceFRA68878.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AVT%20Gilles-Deleuze%206342.webp?width=320
107Emmanuel SwedenborgQ185832Swedish 18th century scientist and theologian (1688-1772)Philosopher1688-02-081772-03-29SWESwedenSWE48876.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emanuel%20Swedenborg%2C%201688-1772%2C%20%C3%A4mbetsman%20(Per%20Krafft%20d.%C3%A4.)%20-%20Nationalmuseum%20-%2015710.tif?width=320
111AntisthenesQ179149Greek philosopher, founder of Cynicism (c.446–c.366 BCE)PhilosopherCynicism-445-365GRCClassical AthensGRC08778.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antisthenes%20BM%201838.jpg?width=320
111Herbert MarcuseQ60030German philosopher, sociologist, and political theorist (1898–1979)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1898-07-191979-07-29Germany; United States; SwitzerlandDEU58775.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herbert%20Marcuse%20in%20Newton%2C%20Massachusetts%201955.jpeg?width=320
113Rudolf SteinerQ78484Austrian social reformer, occultist and esotericist (1861–1925)Philosopheranthroposophy1861-02-271925-03-30Austria; Croatia; SwitzerlandHUN08680.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Steiner%20um%201905.jpg?width=320
113Athanasius of AlexandriaQ44024Pope of Alexandria from 328 to 373 (296–373)Philosopher02960373-05-03Ancient RomeEGY28679.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ikone%20Athanasius%20von%20Alexandria.jpg?width=320
113KabirQ31255115th-century Indian mystic poet and saintPhilosopherSant Mat; bhakti; Bhakti movement13981518IND18674.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kabir%20(postage%20stamp).jpg?width=320
113John RawlsQ172544American philosopher, philosophy teacherPhilosopheranalytic philosophy1921-02-212002-11-24USAUnited StatesUSA38674.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Rawls%20(1971%20photo%20portrait).jpg?width=320
113Paramahansa YoganandaQ312549Yogi, Kriya Yoga guru and founder of Self-Realization Fellowship (1893-1952)Philosopher1893-01-051952-03-07INDIndiaIND18671.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paramahansa%20Yogananda.jpg?width=320
118Al-KindiQ179759Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician and physician (c.801–873)Philosopher08010870Abbasid CaliphateIRQ68580.39
118John WycliffeQ173893English theologian and dissident in the Roman Catholic ChurchPhilosopher13241385-01-08Kingdom of EnglandGBR08576.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wycliffe%20by%20Kirby.jpg?width=320
118Jean BaudrillardQ182847French sociologist, philosopher and cultural theorist (1929–2007)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; Post-structuralism; degrowth1929-07-272007-03-06FRAFranceFRA38574.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WikipediaBaudrillard20040612-cropped.png?width=320
118José Ortega y GassetQ153020Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist (1883–1955)PhilosopherNoucentisme1883-05-091955-10-18ESPSpainESP08574.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jos%C3%A9%20Ortega%20y%20Gasset%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
118VyasaQ330521Legendary ancient Indian sage, compiler of the Vedas, and author of the MahabharataPhilosopher-390-310Kuru KingdomIND28570.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sculpture%20of%20Vyasa.jpeg?width=320
123Roland BarthesQ179109French philosopher and essayist (1915–1980)Philosopherstructuralism1915-11-121980-03-26FRAFranceFRA28480.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roland%20Barthes%201969.jpg?width=320
123Benedetto CroceQ192348Italian philosopher (1866-1952)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1866-02-251952-11-20ITAItalyITA08472.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benedetto%20Croce%2001.jpg?width=320
123George SantayanaQ237833Spanish-American philosopherPhilosopher1863-12-161952-09-26ESPSpainESP08469.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Santayana.jpg?width=320
126OrigenQ170472Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian (c. 185 – c. 253)Philosopher01850254Ancient RomeEGY08384.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Origen%20(3x4).jpg?width=320
126Nicholas of CusaQ154751German philosopher (1401 – 1464)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance14011464-08-20Holy Roman EmpireDEU318380.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicholas%20of%20Cusa.jpg?width=320
126Emil CioranQ193405Romanian-French philosopher and essayist (1911–1995)Philosophercontinental philosophy; anti-intellectualism; existentialism1911-04-081995-06-20ROURomaniaROU38378.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cioran%20in%20Romania.jpg?width=320
129Ernest RenanQ157155French philosopher and writer (1823–1892)Philosopher1823-02-281892-10-02FRAFranceFRA38274.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernest%20Renan%201876-84.jpg?width=320
130LeucippusQ1655895th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosophermaterialism; Pre-Socratic philosophy; atomism-500-500MiletusTUR08080.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pinacoteca%20Querini%20Stampalia%20-%20Leucippus%20-%20Luca%20Giordano.jpg?width=320
130John of DamascusQ51884Christian monk, priest, hymnographer and apologist (675/6-749)Philosopher06750749-12-08Umayyad CaliphateSYR18079.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ioann%20Damaskin%20ikona.jpg?width=320
130Ibn TaymiyyahQ491558Islamic scholar, jurist and philosopher (1263–1328)Philosopher1263-01-291328-10-04Abbasid Caliphate of CairoTUR78077.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B7%20%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9.png?width=320
130Isaiah BerlinQ205162Russo-British-Latvian Jewish social and political theorist, philosopher and historian of ideas (1909–1997)Philosopher1909-06-061997-11-05GBRUnited KingdomLVA18072.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg?width=320
134BonaventureQ43746Franciscan, bishop, cardinal, Doctor of the Church, Catholic saint (1221–1274)Philosopher12211274-07-22ITA217977.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7ois%2C%20Claude%20(dit%20Fr%C3%A8re%20Luc)%20-%20Saint%20Bonaventure.jpg?width=320
134Hans-Georg GadamerQ76356German philosopher (1900–2002)Philosopher1900-02-112002-03-13DEUGermanyDEU27977.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Gadamer.png?width=320
134Martin BuberQ84423German Jewish Existentialist philosopher and theologian (1878–1965)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1878-02-081965-06-13Austria; Germany; IsraelAUT37976.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin%20Buber%20portrait.jpg?width=320
134Giambattista VicoQ178709Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian and juristPhilosopher1668-06-231744-01-23Kingdom of NaplesITA47976.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giovan%20Battista%20Vico.jpg?width=320
138Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-SimonQ82934French early socialist theorist (1760-1825)Philosopherutopian socialism1760-10-171826-05-19FRAFranceFRA07877.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Claude%20Henri%20de%20Rouvroy.jpg?width=320
138John Duns ScotusQ190089priest, friar, philosopher, theologian, college teacherPhilosopher12661308-11-16Kingdom of ScotlandGBR07876.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scoto%20(Duns%20Scoto).jpg?width=320
140Giovanni Pico della MirandolaQ182128Italian Renaissance philosopher (1463–1494)PhilosopherRenaissance1463-03-051494-11-26Duchy of MirandolaITA117779.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pico1.jpg?width=320
140Tommaso CampanellaQ191850Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet (1568-1639)Philosopher1568-09-141639-05-21Kingdom of NaplesITA27776.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cozza%20Tommaso%20Campanella.jpg?width=320
140Charles FourierQ181707French utopian socialist and philosopher (1772–1837)Philosopherutopian socialism1772-04-071837-10-10FRAFranceFRA17776.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Foliot%20-%20Jean%20Gigoux%20-%20Portrait%20de%20Charles%20Fourrier%20(cropped)%20(1).jpg?width=320
140Edith SteinQ76749Jewish-German Catholic nun, theologian and philosopher (1891–1942)Philosopher1891-10-121942-08-09DEUGermanyDEU07776.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edith%20Stein%20(ca.%201938-1939).jpg?width=320
140Louis AlthusserQ184169French Marxist philosopher (1918–1990)PhilosopherMarxism; structural Marxism; structuralism1918-10-161990-10-22FRAFranceDZA47775.82https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louis%20Althusser%20sketch%20(8420987781)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
140Claude Adrien HelvétiusQ190302French philosopher; (1715-1771)Philosopheratheism1715-01-261771-12-26FRAFranceFRA07774.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Claude%20Adrien%20Helvetius%2C%20Collection%20des%20Grands%20Hommes%2C%20G.4189(3).jpg?width=320
140Julia KristevaQ159876Bulgarian philosopher, psychoanalyst & academicPhilosopherPost-structuralism; Western philosophy1941-06-24Bulgaria; FranceBGR27773.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julia%20Kristeva%20%C3%A0%20Paris%20en%202008.jpg?width=320
140Ramana MaharshiQ288441Indian spiritual teacher (1879–1950)PhilosopherNeo-Vedanta1879-12-301950-04-14INDIndiaIND07771.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sri%20Ramana%20Maharshi%20-%20Portrait%20-%20G.%20G%20Welling%20-%201948.jpg?width=320
148Philo of AlexandriaQ189597Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria (c. 20 BCE-c. 50 CE)PhilosopherMiddle Platonism; stoicism-150050Ancient RomeEGY57676.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philon.jpg?width=320
148Clement of AlexandriaQ188883Christian theologian (c.150 – c.215)Philosopher01500215Ancient RomeGRC27675.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clement%20alexandrin.jpg?width=320
150Ramon LlullQ193660Majorcan writer and philosopher (c.1232–1315/6)Philosopher12321316Kingdom of MajorcaESP187577.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramon%20Llull.jpg?width=320
150Georgi PlekhanovQ182905Russian philosopher (1856–1918)Philosopher1856-11-291918-05-30Russian EmpireRUS17573.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgi%20Valentinovich%20Plekhanov%2C%20ca.%201917.jpg?width=320
150Baltasar GraciánQ360512Aragonese Jesuit and baroque prose writer and philosopher in Castilian language (1601-1658)Philosopher1601-01-081658-12-06ESPSpainESP07573.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Graci%C3%A1n%20Graus%20(detalle).jpg?width=320
153Meister EckhartQ76548German philosopher and theologianPhilosopher12601328-02-05DEUGermanyDEU07478.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eckharts%20wirtschaft.jpg?width=320
153IsocratesQ221182Greek rhetorician and writer (436–338 BC)Philosopher-436-338GRCClassical AthensGRC07476.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Isocrates%20pushkin.jpg?width=320
153Han FeiQ28959Chinese Legalist, 280–233 BCEPhilosopher-280-233HanCHN17475.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20Of%20Han%20Fei.png?width=320
153Nikolai BerdyaevQ184656Russian philosopher (1874–1948)Philosopherpersonalism; existentialism; Russian religious philosophy1874-03-181948-03-24FRAFranceUKR07472.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NBerdyaev.jpg?width=320
157Pierre BayleQ214816French philosopher and writer (1647–1706)Philosopherskepticism1647-11-181706-12-28FRAFranceFRA17374.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre%20Bayle%20by%20Louis%20Ferdinand%20Elle.jpg?width=320
157William GodwinQ188569English journalist, political philosopher and novelist (1756–1836)Philosopher1756-03-031836-04-07Kingdom of Great Britain; United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR17370.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Godwin%20by%20Henry%20William%20Pickersgill.jpg?width=320
159Marsilio FicinoQ192374Italian philosopher and Catholic priest (1433–1499)Philosopher1433-10-281499-10-10Republic of FlorenceITA07277.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marsilio%20Ficino%20-%20Angel%20Appearing%20to%20Zacharias%20(detail).jpg?width=320
159Max SchelerQ76521German philosopher (1874-1928)Philosopher1874-08-221928-05-19DEUGermanyDEU17275.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Max%20Scheler.jpg?width=320
159François FénelonQ310002French archbishop, theologian and writer (1651–1715)Philosopher1651-08-061715-01-07FRAFranceFRA07271.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Salignac%20de%20la%20Mothe-F%C3%A9nelon.PNG?width=320
162AristippusQ189506Greek philosopher, founder of Cyrenaicism (c.435–c.356 BCE)PhilosopherCyrenaics-435-366LBY07179.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristippus.jpg?width=320
162Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat de CondorcetQ201477French philosopher, mathematician, and political scientist (1743–1794)PhilosopherEnlightenment philosophy1743-09-171794-03-28FRAFranceFRA67175.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20de%20Condorcet.PNG?width=320
162Pierre Teilhard de ChardinQ189564French philosopher, Jesuit priest, and paleontologistPhilosopher1881-05-011955-04-10FRAFranceFRA07173.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TeilhardP%201955.jpg?width=320
162Joseph de MaistreQ309854Savoyard philosopher, writer, lawyer, and diplomat (1753-1821)Philosopher1753-04-011821-02-26Kingdom of SardiniaFRA07173.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jmaistre.jpg?width=320
166Georg LukácsQ151523Hungarian marxist philosopher and literary critic (1885–1971)Philosopher1885-04-131971-06-04HUNHungaryHUN07075.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luk%C3%A1cs%20Gy%C3%B6rgy.jpg?width=320
166XunziQ216072Chinese Confucian philosopher (c. 310 – after 238 BCE)Philosopher-313-238Qi; ZhaoCHN17075.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Xun%20Zi.jpg?width=320
166Karl KautskyQ76586Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist (1854–1938)Philosopher1854-10-161938-10-17DEUGermanyCZE17074.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Kautsky.jpg?width=320
166Peter SingerQ211539Australian moral philosopher (born 1946)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; animal rights movement; effective altruism1946-07-06AUSAustraliaAUS27069.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Singer%202017%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
166Ayaan Hirsi AliQ214475Dutch-American political activist and authorPhilosopher1969-11-13United States; Kingdom of the NetherlandsSOM57057.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ayaan%20Hirsi%20Ali%20by%20Gage%20Skidmore.jpg?width=320
171Muhammad ibn Jarir al-TabariQ192124Iranian scholar, historian and commentator on the Qur'an (839–923)Philosopher08390922Abbasid CaliphateIRN36978.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A.png?width=320
171MoziQ2724115th-century BC Chinese philosopher and founder of MohismPhilosopher-470-391Zhou dynastyCHN06976.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%20%D0%9C%D0%BE-%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8B.jpg?width=320
171Benjamin ConstantQ123089French-Swiss politician, writer on politics and religion (1767-2011)Philosopherliberalism; Romanticism1767-10-251830-12-08Switzerland; FranceCHE16973.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri-Benjamin%20Constant%20de%20Rebecque.png?width=320
171Daniel DennettQ215263American philosopher (1942–2024)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1942-03-282024-04-19USAUnited StatesUSA06967.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Daniel%20Dennett%202.jpg?width=320
175PorphyryQ2034453rd-century Phoenician Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopher02330301Ancient RomeLBN76880.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Porphyry%20of%20Tyre%20from%20Les%20vrais%20pourtraits%20et%20vies%20des%20hommes%20illustres%20grecz%2C%20latins%20et%20payens.jpg?width=320
175Zygmunt BaumanQ158092Polish philosopher and sociologist (1925-2017)Philosopher1925-11-192017-01-09United Kingdom; PolandPOL06876.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zigmunt%20Bauman%20na%2020%20Forumi%20vydavciv(Cropped).jpg?width=320
175Mikhail BakhtinQ185375Russian intellectual and philosopher (1895–1975)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1895-11-171975-03-07Soviet Union; Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic; Russian EmpireRUS16875.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mikhail%20bakhtin.jpg?width=320
175Rudolf CarnapQ76519German philosopher and logician (1891–1970)Philosopherlogical positivism1891-05-181970-09-14USAUnited StatesDEU06874.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Carnap%201895.jpeg?width=320
179Friedrich SchleiermacherQ76576German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar (1768-1834)PhilosopherGerman idealism1768-11-211834-02-12Kingdom of PrussiaPOL16775.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Daniel%20Ernst%20Schleiermacher.jpg?width=320
180BodhidharmaQ187172Indian-Chinese philosopher and Buddhist MonkPhilosopher04830540Northern WeiIRN16678.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BodhidharmaYoshitoshi1887.jpg?width=320
180Carl SchmittQ77148German jurist, political theorist and professor of law (1888–1985)PhilosopherConservative Revolution; Western philosophy1888-07-111985-04-07DEUGermanyDEU26674.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1929%20report%20on%20Carl%20Schmitt.jpg?width=320
180Max HorkheimerQ76826German philosopher and sociologist (1895–1973)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1895-02-141973-07-07Germany; United StatesDEU36674.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AdornoHorkheimerHabermasbyJeremyJShapiro2.png?width=320
180Julius EvolaQ334147Italian philosopher and esotericist (1898-1974)Philosopherindividualism; Conservative Revolution; neo-fascism1898-05-191974-06-11MEXApodacaITA86673.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Evola.jpg?width=320
180Paulo FreireQ164797lawyer, college teacher, authorPhilosopher1921-09-192011-05-02BRABrazilBRA16673.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulo%20Freire%201977.jpg?width=320
185Muhammad ibn Abd al-WahhabQ69351Islamic Saudi scholar, jurist and eponym of Wahhabi movement (1703–1792)Philosopher17031792-06-02First Saudi StateSAU186578.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8.png?width=320
185Ram Mohan RoyQ335269Indian religious, social, and educational reformer, and humanitarianPhilosopherBengali Renaissance1772-05-221833-09-27Company rule in IndiaIND06575.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Raja%20Ram%20Mohun%20Roy%2C%201833.jpg?width=320
185Vladimir SolovyovQ282280Russian philosopher (1853-1900)Philosopher1853-01-281900-08-13Russian EmpireRUS06571.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VS%20Solovyov.jpg?width=320
185Raymond AronQ160640French philosopher, sociologist, journalist, and political scientist (1905–1983)Philosopher1905-03-141983-10-17FRAFranceFRA06571.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RaymondAron-StudioHarcourt-1956.png?width=320
189Shri RamanujacharyaQ174179812th-century Iconic indian social reformer and proponent of the Vishishtadvaita Vedanta school of philosophy.PhilosopherBhakti movement10171137INDIndiaIND16469.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20Of%20Equality%20Samatha%20Murthy.jpg?width=320
190Willard Van Orman QuineQ214969American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)Philosopher1908-06-252000-12-25USAUnited StatesUSA76377.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Willard%20Van%20Orman%20Quine%20on%20Bluenose%20II%20in%20Halifax%20NS%20harbor%201980.jpg?width=320
190Ernst CassirerQ57188German philosopher (1874–1945)PhilosopherMarburg School1874-05-281945-04-13SWESwedenPOL06375.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ErnstCassirer.jpg?width=320
190Cesare BeccariaQ223723jurist, philosopher and politician from Italy (1738-1794)PhilosopherRomanticism in Italy1738-03-151794-11-20Duchy of MilanITA16374.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cesare%20Beccaria.jpg?width=320
190Jean-François LyotardQ193257French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist (1924-1998)Philosopher1924-08-101998-04-21FRAFranceFRA06374.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Francois%20Lyotard%20cropped.jpg?width=320
190Moses MendelssohnQ76997German-Jewish philosopher and theologian (1729–1786)Philosophercontinental philosophy1729-09-061786-01-04DEUGermanyDEU46373.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moses%20Mendelson%20P7160073.JPG?width=320
190Shen KuoQ270085Chinese scientist and statesman (1031-1095)Philosopher10311095Song dynastyCHN16372.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beijing%20Ancient%20Observatory%2020090715-19%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
196Johannes Scotus EriugenaQ184500Irish Catholic philosopher and theologian (c. 800 – c. 877)Philosopher08100877Gaelic IrelandIRL156278.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Scottus%20Eriugena.jpg?width=320
196Julien Offray de La MettrieQ7068French physician and philosopher (1709–1751)Philosophermaterialism; atheism1709-12-251751-11-11FRAFranceFRA06274.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Julien%20Offray%20de%20La%20Mettrie.jpg?width=320
196Ernst BlochQ57240German philosopher (1885–1977)PhilosopherExpressionism1885-07-081977-08-04Switzerland; Czech Republic; United Kingdom; GermanyDEU36273.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20183-35545-0009%2C%20Berlin%2C%20Ernst%20Bloch%20auf%2015.%20Schriftstellerkongress.jpg?width=320
199Jean BodinQ190944French philosopher, historian, lawyer, law teacher, authorPhilosopher15301596-06-07FRAFranceFRA16178.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Bodin.jpg?width=320
199Bernard BolzanoQ184735Bohemian mathematician and priest (1781–1848)Philosopher1781-10-051848-12-18Kingdom of BohemiaCZE56174.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BBolzano.jpg?width=320
199Nicolas MalebrancheQ309818French philosopherPhilosopheroccasionalism1638-08-061715-10-13FRAFranceFRA36174.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20Malebranche%20-%20Versailles%20MV%202929.jpg?width=320
199Christian WolffQ76510German philosopher (1679–1754)Philosopherrationalism1679-02-031754-04-09Kingdom of PrussiaPOL06174.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christian%20Wolff.jpg?width=320
199Gaston BachelardQ270800French writer and philosopher (1884-1962)Philosopherhistorical epistemology1884-06-271962-10-16FRAFranceFRA46172.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gaston%20Bachelard.jpg?width=320
199Gabriel MarcelQ154145French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist (1889-1973)PhilosopherChristian existentialism1889-12-071973-10-08FRAFranceFRA16172.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gabriel%20Marcel%20en%201969.jpg?width=320
199Robert NozickQ205927American political philosopher (1938–2002)Philosopher1938-11-162002-01-23USAUnited StatesUSA66169.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Nozick%201977%20Libertarian%20Review%20cover.jpg?width=320
206Friedrich FröbelQ76679German educatorPhilosopher1782-04-211852-06-21Principality of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtDEU06078.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Fr%C3%B6bel.jpg?width=320
206George GurdjieffQ217771philosopher, mystic, and writer (c. 1866–1877 – 1949)Philosopher1866-01-131949-10-29Russian EmpireARM26078.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Gurdjieff.JPG?width=320
206ProclusQ2718095th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopherNeoplatonism0412-02-090485-04-18Byzantine EmpireTUR56076.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/In%20primum%20Euclidis%20elementorum%20librum%2001.jpg?width=320
206Athanasius KircherQ76738German Jesuit scholar (1601 or 1602-1680)Philosopher1602-05-021680-11-27Holy Roman EmpireDEU26075.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Athanasius%20Kircher.jpg?width=320
206Sextus EmpiricusQ2365942nd-century Roman philosopher and physicianPhilosopherpyrrhonism01600210Ancient RomeEGY16074.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sexti%20Empirici%20Adversus%20mathematicos.djvu?width=320
206Pierre GassendiQ192315French philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, priest, and scientist (*1592 – †1655)Philosopher1592-01-221655-10-24Kingdom of FranceFRA26074.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Pierre%20Gassendi%20by%20Claude%20Mellan.png?width=320
206Muhammad AbduhQ311826Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer (1849-1905)Philosopher1849-01-011905-07-11Ottoman EmpireEGY16073.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad%20Abduh.jpg?width=320
213PadmasambhavaQ2315828th-century Vajrayana MasterPhilosopher07170762IND05978.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guru%20-%20Boudha.jpg?width=320
213Emmanuel LevinasQ153034Jewish-French-Lithuanian philosopher (1906-1995)Philosopher1906-01-121995-12-25Lithuania; FranceLTU15977.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emmanuel%20Levinas.jpg?width=320
213Ferdinand TönniesQ21163German sociologist, economist and philosopher (1855–1936)Philosopher1855-07-261936-04-09DEUGermanyDEU05975.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ferdinand%20T%C3%B6nnies.jpg?width=320
213Jakob BöhmeQ77017German Christian mystic and theologian (1575-1624)Philosopher1575-05-041624-11-17DEUGermanyPOL15975.24https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Jakob%20B%C3%B6hme%2C%20RP-P-OB-2353.jpg?width=320
213PosidoniusQ185770Greek Stoic philosopher (c.135 – c.51 BC)Philosopherstoicism-135-51TUR05975.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Posidonio%2C%20replica%20augustea%20(23%20ac.-14%20dc%20ca)%20da%20originale%20del%20100-50%20ac.%20ca.%206142.JPG?width=320
213Maurice Merleau-PontyQ212639French phenomenological philosopherPhilosopherphenomenology; structuralism1908-03-141961-05-03FRAFranceFRA05974.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maurice%20Merleau-Ponty.jpg?width=320
213Al-JahizQ293497Arabic writer (776–869)Philosopher07750868-12IRQ75972.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Al-Jahiz%20stamp%2C%201968%2C%20Syria.jpg?width=320
213G. E. MooreQ295386English philosopher (1873–1958)Philosopher1873-11-041958-10-24GBRUnited KingdomGBR25970https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1914%20George%20Edward%20Moore%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
213Henri-Frédéric AmielQ123916Swiss philosopher and poet (1821-1881)PhilosopherGerman idealism1821-09-271881-05-11CHESwitzerlandCHE05967.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry-Frederic%20Amiel%20by%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Artus.png?width=320
213Roger ScrutonQ445939English conservative philosopher and writer (1944–2020)Philosopherconservatism1944-02-272020-01-12GBRUnited KingdomGBR05967.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger%20Scruton%20by%20Pete%20Helme.jpg?width=320
223Chrysippus of SoliQ211411Greek Stoic philosopher (c.279–c.206 BC)Philosopherstoicism-281-208TURSoliTUR05876.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chrysippos%20BM%201846.jpg?width=320
223IamblichusQ310916Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher (c. 245 – c. 325)PhilosopherNeoplatonism02450325Ancient RomeSYR25872.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iamblichus.jpg?width=320
223Imre LakatosQ296249Hungarian philosopher of mathematics and science (1922-1974)Philosopher1922-11-091974-02-02United Kingdom; HungaryHUN35872.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Professor%20Imre%20Lakatos%2C%20c1960s.jpg?width=320
223Roger GaraudyQ160619French philosopher, politician and Holocaust denier (1913-2012)Philosopher1913-07-172012-06-13FRAFranceFRA05872.15
223Alain BadiouQ311005French writer and philosopherPhilosopher1937-01-17FRAFranceMAR05870.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20Badiou-2.jpg?width=320
223Otto WeiningerQ78513Austrian philosopher and writer (1880-1903)Philosopher1880-04-031903-10-04CisleithaniaAUT15870.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Otto%20Weininger%201903%20-%20Heliograv%C3%BCre%20Paulussen.jpg?width=320
223A. J. AyerQ243757English philosopher (1910–1989)Philosopherlogical positivism; atheism1910-10-291989-07-26GBRUnited KingdomGBR05866.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfred%20Jules%20Ayer.png?width=320
230Johann Friedrich HerbartQ76685German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline (1776-1841)Philosopher1776-05-041841-08-14Grand Duchy of OldenburgDEU05776.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20F%20Herbart.jpg?width=320
230Paul RicœurQ192066French philosopher (1913–2005)Philosopher1913-02-272005-05-20FRAFranceFRA05775.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Ricoeur%20Balzan.png?width=320
230Solomon ibn GabirolQ23935511th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopherPhilosopher10211058Caliphate of CórdobaESP15773.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20Gabirol%2C%20Caesarea.jpg?width=320
230Adam WeishauptQ159481German philosopher and founder of the Illuminati (1748–1830)Philosopher1748-02-061830-11-18Kingdom of BavariaDEU05772.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Adam%20Weishaupt.jpg?width=320
234Ivan IllichQ84186Austrian philosopher and theologian (1926–2002)Philosopherdegrowth; environmentalism1926-09-042002-12-02Germany; Austria; United StatesAUT25671.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1969%20press%20photo%20of%20Ivan%20Illich.jpg?width=320
234Guy DebordQ298075French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker (1931–1994)PhilosopherSituationist International; Letterist International1931-12-281994-11-30FRAFranceFRA05670.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guy%20Debord%2C%20painted%20portrait.jpg?width=320
234MadhvacharyaQ33537113th-century Hindu Dvaita philosopherPhilosopher12381317Hoysala EmpireIND05665.81
237Apollodorus of AthensQ205704ancient Greek grammarian and historianPhilosopher-180-120GRCClassical AthensGRC15578.45
237PyrrhoQ192313Greek philosopher and founder of Pyrrhonism (c.360-c.270 BC)Philosopherpyrrhonism-365-275GRC05576.97https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pyrrho%20Heliensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
237Wilhelm DiltheyQ60080German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher (1833–1911)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1833-11-191911-10-01Kingdom of PrussiaDEU05576.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20Dilthey.jpg?width=320
237John VennQ216811British logician and philosopher (1834-1923)Philosopher1834-08-041923-04-04United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR35575.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Venn%202.jpg?width=320
237Étienne Bonnot de CondillacQ272119French academicPhilosopher1714-09-301780-08-03FRAFranceFRA05574.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Bonnot%20de%20Condillac%20by%20Pierre-Michel%20Alix%20after%20Giuseppe%20Baldrighi.png?width=320
237Han YuQ318998Chinese historian, poet, philosopher and politician (768–824)Philosopher07680824-12-29Tang dynastyCHN05569.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Han%20Yu.jpg?width=320
237E. H. CarrQ274764British historian, journalist, diplomat and political scientist (1892–1982)Philosopher1892-06-281982-11-03GBRUnited KingdomGBR15568.14
244Alexander Gottlieb BaumgartenQ76517German philosopher (b. 1714)Philosopher1714-07-171762-05-27DEUGermanyDEU15476.2
244Hans KelsenQ84165Austrian lawyer (1881–1973)Philosopher1881-10-111973-04-19United States; AustriaCZE05475.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Kelsen%20(1881%E2%80%931973)%20~1930%20%C2%A9%20Georg%20Fayer%20(1892%E2%80%931950)%20OeNB%208026867.jpg?width=320
244Ibn TufaylQ251259Arab Muslim polymath (c. 1105–1185)Philosopher11101185Almohad Caliphate; Almoravid dynastyESP15475.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20%E1%B9%ACufail%2C%20Sayr%20mulhimah%20min%20al-Sharq%20wa-al-Gharb.png?width=320
244Paul FeyerabendQ78497Austrian-born philosopher of sciencePhilosopher1924-01-131994-02-11Germany; Austria; United StatesAUT45472.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Feyerabend%20Berkeley.jpg?width=320
244Bias of PrieneQ3659776th-century BC Greek sagePhilosopher-600-530TUR05472.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bias%20Pio-Clementino%20Inv279.jpg?width=320
244Alfred TarskiQ207534Polish-American logician (1901-1983)Philosopher1901-01-141983-10-26United States; PolandPOL175470.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlfredTarski1968%20(cropped).jpeg?width=320
244AnacharsisQ325026Scythian philosopherPhilosopher-700-600UKR05470.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anacharsis.jpg?width=320
244Georges SorelQ313666French philosopher and sociologistPhilosopher1847-11-021922-08-29FRAFranceFRA05470.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Sorel.jpg?width=320
244Moritz SchlickQ57193German philosopher (1882-1936)Philosopher1882-04-141936-06-22DEUGermanyDEU05470.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schlick%20sitting.jpg?width=320
244Leszek KołakowskiQ157318Philosopher, historian of ideas (1927–2009)Philosopher1927-10-232009-07-17POLPolandPOL15467.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leszek%20Ko%C5%82akowski%20Anefo.jpg?width=320
254KanadaQ29049Vedic sage and founder of Deepak school of Hindu philosophyPhilosopher-200-16005376.49
254XenocratesQ2141214th-century BC Greek philosopher, mathematician and scholarchPhilosopherPlatonism-396-314GRCClassical AthensTUR05373.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xenocrates.jpg?width=320
254Bruno BauerQ76878German philosopher and theologian (1809–1882)Philosopheratheism1809-09-061882-04-15Duchy of Saxe-AltenburgDEU05370.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bruno%20Bauer.jpg?width=320
254John SearleQ295012American philosopher (1932–2025)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1932-07-312025-09-17USAUnited StatesUSA15369.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Searle%20speaking%20at%20Google%201.jpg?width=320
254Louis CouturatQ20724French logician, mathematician, philosopher and linguist (1868–1914)Philosopher1868-01-171914-08-03FRAFranceFRA15369.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louis-Couturat2.jpg?width=320
254Richard RortyQ215258American philosopher (1931–2007)Philosopher1931-10-042007-06-08USAUnited StatesUSA05368.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Rorty%20in%201959.png?width=320
254Paul TillichQ60104German-American theologian and philosopherPhilosopher1886-08-201965-10-22USAUnited StatesPOL05368.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tillich%20Park%20Bust.jpg?width=320
261Apollonius of TyanaQ2970401st century AD Greek Neopythagorean philosopherPhilosopherneopythagoreanism00150100TUR05274.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apollonius%20of%20Tyana.jpg?width=320
261OrosiusQ311456Roman historian and theologian (c.375/385 – c.420 AD)Philosopher03850418Ancient RomePRT55273.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulo%20Orosio%20-%20Detalle.jpg?width=320
261Abraham ibn EzraQ27067012th-century Sephardic rabbi and astrologerPhilosopher10921167-01-30ESP35271.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Psalterium-Ibn-Ezra.jpeg?width=320
261Jacques MaritainQ45723French philosopher (1882–1973)PhilosopherChristian democracy; human rights; Christian humanism1882-11-181973-04-28FRAFranceFRA05270.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maritain%20Jacques.jpg?width=320
261Chilon of SpartaQ346016th century BC Spartan philosopher, ephor and writerPhilosopher-600-520SpartaGRC05270.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chilon%20of%20Sparta00.jpg?width=320
261Hilary PutnamQ221697American philosopher and mathematicianPhilosopherscientific realism1926-07-312016-03-13USAUnited StatesUSA15267.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hilary%20Putnam.jpg?width=320
261Leo StraussQ77144History of Political Philosophy scholar (1899-1973)Philosopher1899-09-201973-10-18United States; GermanyDEU35266.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leo%20Strauss%20USA%201939.jpg?width=320
268Melissus of SamosQ2337115th-century BC Greek Eleatic philosopherPhilosopherEleatics; Pre-Socratic philosophy-470-430GRC15175.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melissus%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320
268Francisco SuárezQ316339Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian (1548-1617)PhilosopherSchool of Salamanca1548-01-151617-09-25ESPSpainESP05173.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Retrato-del-padre-francisco-suarez-valladolid-s.-xvii.png?width=320
268Ibn al-NafisQ319146Arab polymath and physician (1213–1288)Philosopher12151288-12-24SYR45171.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibn%20al-Nafis.jpg?width=320
268AśvaghoṣaQ3125522nd century Buddhist Indian poet and philosopherPhilosopher00800150IND15171.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ashvaghosha.jpg?width=320
268Bruno LatourQ355237French sociologist and philosopher (1947–2022)Philosopher1947-06-222022-10-08FRAFranceFRA05171.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bruno%20Latour%20in%20Taiwan%20P1250394%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
268Rudolf BultmannQ76327German theologian (1884–1976)Philosopher1884-08-201976-07-30DEUGermanyDEU15170.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Bultmann%20als%20Portr%C3%A4tb%C3%BCste%20von%20Michael%20Mohns.JPG?width=320
268Juan Luis VivesQ316357Spanish philosopherPhilosopherhumanism1492-03-151540-05-06ESPSpainESP05169.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LuisVives.jpg?width=320
268Nasir KhusrawQ32879611th-century Persian Isma'ili poet, scholar, philosopher, and missionaryPhilosopherlist of converts to Shia Islam1004-09-091088Seljuk Empire; Ghaznavid EmpireTJK25169.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamps%20of%20Tajikistan%2C%20030-03.jpg?width=320
268Saul KripkeQ298521American philosopher and logician (1940–2022)Philosopher1940-11-132022-09-15USAUnited StatesUSA15165.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kripke.JPG?width=320
268Alan WattsQ354867British American author and lecturer (1915–1973)Philosophercomparative philosophy; Eastern philosophy1915-01-061973-11-16United States; United KingdomGBR15164.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alan%20Watts%20UVM%2015%20June%201958%20Hon.%20D.D%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
268Olaf StapledonQ337373British novelist and philosopher (1886–1950)Philosopher1886-05-101950-09-06GBRUnited KingdomGBR35163.97
279Jean BuridanQ275500medieval philosopher (ca. 1300-1358)Philosopherlogic; nominalism12951358Kingdom of FranceFRA45075.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iohannes%20Buridanus%20(Paris%20ca.%201370%2C%20Krak%C3%B3w%20cod.%20BJ%201771%2C%20fol.%20142v).jpg?width=320
279Alcmaeon of CrotonQ1883325th-century BC Greek physician and philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Pythagoreanism-510-450ITA15073.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alcmeone%20di%20Crotone.jpg?width=320
279Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariQ316349Muslim theologian (874–936)Philosopher08730935IRQ55072.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abu%20al-Hasan%20al-Ashari.png?width=320
279Giorgio AgambenQ311687Italian philosopher (b. 1942)Philosophercontinental philosophy1942-04-22ITAItalyITA15072.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agamben.png?width=320
279Michael PsellosQ29410911th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court officialPhilosopherNeoplatonism10181078-05Byzantine EmpireTUR15072.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Psellos.jpg?width=320
279Franz BrentanoQ57196German philosopher and psychologist as well as refounder of the theory of intentionality (1838–1917)Philosopher1838-01-161917-03-17Kingdom of PrussiaDEU15072.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Brentano.jpeg?width=320
279George Herbert MeadQ295978American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist (1863–1931)Philosopher1863-02-271931-04-26USAUnited StatesUSA15072.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Herbert%20Mead.jpg?width=320
279CleanthesQ310149Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer (3rd-century BC)Philosopherstoicism-331-232TURAssosTUR15072.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleanthes%20from%20L.%20Annaei%20Senecae%20philosophi%20Opera%2C%201605%2C%20title%20page%20detail.png?width=320
279Giovanni GentileQ312295Italian philosopher, educator, fascist theoretician and politician (1875-1944)PhilosopherHegelianism1875-05-291944-04-15Kingdom of ItalyITA05069.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giovanni%20Gentile.png?width=320
279Masanobu FukuokaQ334997Japanese farmer and philosopher (1913-2008)Philosopher1913-02-022008-08-16JPNJapanJPN15067.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Masanobu%20Fukuoka%2C%202002%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
279Martha NussbaumQ235470American philosopher (born 1947)Philosopher1947-05-06USAUnited StatesUSA05067.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martha%20Nussbaum%20wikipedia%2010-10.jpg?width=320
279Murray BookchinQ315910American libertarian socialist author, orator, and philosopher (1921–2006)Philosopher1921-01-142006-07-30USAUnited StatesUSA85067.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Murray%20Bookchin%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
291Nicole OresmeQ31077714th century French philosopher and bishopPhilosopher13201382-07-19Kingdom of FranceFRA254971.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oresme.jpg?width=320
291Wang YangmingQ378462Chinese philosopher and general (1472–1529)PhilosopherNeo-Confucianism; Yangmingism1472-11-091529-01-19Ming dynastyCHN04970.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%94%A1%E4%B8%96%E6%96%B0%20%E7%8E%8B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E8%BD%B4%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
291Elena Cornaro PiscopiaQ466851Venetian philosopher (1646–1684)Philosopher1646-06-051684-07-26Republic of VeniceITA04970.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elena%20Piscopia%20portrait.jpg?width=320
291David StraussQ57219German theologian (1808–1874)Philosopher1808-01-271874-02-08CHESwitzerlandDEU14969.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Friedrich%20Strauss%20BW.jpg?width=320
291Anne SullivanQ239135American teacher (1866–1936)Philosopher1866-04-041936-10-20USAUnited StatesUSA04969.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnneSullivanMacy.jpg?width=320
291Fukuzawa YukichiQ355447Modern Enlightenment thinker, educator, philosopher, scholar, author, writer, journalist, translator, entrepreneur, and founder of Keio University in Japan's Meiji era (1835-1901)Philosopher1835-01-101901-02-03JPNJapanJPN154969.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fukuzawa%20Yukichi%201891.jpg?width=320
291Luce IrigarayQ28918Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher, linguist, psycholinguist, psychoanalyst and cultural theorist (born 1930)Philosopher1930-05-03France; BelgiumBEL04968.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luce%20Irigaray%20(Quotidiano%20dei%20Lavoratori%2C%201975).jpg?width=320
291AlainQ275003French philosopher (1868–1951)Philosopher1868-03-031951-06-02FRAFranceFRA64963.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Chartier%20portrait.jpg?width=320
299Diogenes of ApolloniaQ1919645th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopher-460-500BGRApollonia PonticaBGR04874.11
299PelagiusQ1625934th-century theologian, namesake of PelagianismPhilosopherPelagianism03540420Ancient RomeGBR14872.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pelagius.jpg?width=320
299Sebastian BrantQ60351German humanist and satirist (1458-1521)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance14581521-05-10DEUGermanyFRA74871.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Duerer%20brant.jpg?width=320
299Houston Stewart ChamberlainQ57737British-German racialist philosopher (1855–1927)Philosopher1855-09-091927-01-09Weimar Republic; United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR04870.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20Bild%20119-1600-06%2C%20Houston%20Stewart%20Chamberlain.jpg?width=320
299Félicité de La MennaisQ334973French priest, philosopher and political theorist (1782–1854)Philosopher1782-06-191854-02-27FRAFranceFRA04868.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lanc%C3%B4me%20-%20Portrait%20de%20F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9%20Robert%20de%20Lamennais%20(1782-1854)%2C%20%C3%A9crivain%20et%20philosophe%20-%20P848%20-%20Mus%C3%A9e%20Carnavalet%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
299John Langshaw AustinQ272615English philosopher (1911–1960)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1911-03-261960-02-08GBRUnited KingdomGBR04868.39
299Tariq RamadanQ122988Swiss Muslim scholarPhilosopher1962-08-26CHESwitzerlandCHE04858.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tariq%20Ramadan%2C%202017%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
306CarneadesQ284994ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-213-129LBY04772.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carneades.jpg?width=320
306Pseudo-Dionysius the AreopagiteQ312816Greek philosopherPhilosopher05000510Byzantine Empire14772.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fra%20Angelico%20%E2%80%94%20Crucifixion%20with%20Saints.jpg?width=320
306Johann ReuchlinQ61067German humanist and scholar of Greek and Hebrew (1455-1522)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance1455-02-071522-07-10Holy Roman EmpireDEU04771.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Reuchlin%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
306Ammonius SaccasQ310173Hellenistic Platonist philosopher (175-242)Philosopher01750242Ancient RomeEGY04771.27
306Lev ShestovQ314189Russian existentialist philosopher (1866 – 1938)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; Christian existentialism1866-02-051938-11-19France; SwitzerlandUKR14770.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Si%20L%C3%A9on%20Chestov%20noong%201927.jpg?width=320
306Cleobulus of LindosQ365950ancient philosopherPhilosopher-630-560GRC04770https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleovoulos.jpg?width=320
306Ban ZhaoQ177081late 1st/early 2nd century Chinese historian, philosopher and scholarPhilosopher00450116Eastern HanCHN14768.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Banzhao.jpg?width=320
306Francis HutchesonQ316367Scottish philosopher (1694–1746)Philosopher1694-08-081746-08-08IRLIrelandGBR04767.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francis%20Hutcheson%20b1694.jpg?width=320
306Pavel FlorenskyQ336769Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor and Neomartyr (1882–1937)Philosopher1882-01-211937-12-08Soviet Union; Russian Empire; Russian Socialist Federative Soviet RepublicAZE14767.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pavel%20Florensky.jpg?width=320
306KapilaQ574355vedic sage in Hindu traditionPhilosopher-550-500Shakya04766.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapila%20muni.jpg?width=320
306Gilbert RyleQ313386British philosopherPhilosopher1900-08-191976-10-06GBRUnited KingdomGBR04765.89
306Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-TyneQ242640English aristocrat, prolific writer, and scientistPhilosopher16231673-12-15Kingdom of EnglandGBR24764.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Margaret%20Cavendish%2C%20Duchess%20of%20Newcastle%2C%20by%20Peter%20Lely.jpg?width=320
306Reinhold NiebuhrQ358561American Protestant theologian (1892–1971)Philosopher1892-06-211971-06-01USAUnited StatesUSA04763.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rev.%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr%201927%20Edit.jpg?width=320
306Eric HofferQ588692American philosopher (1902–1983)Philosopher1902-07-251983-05-21USAUnited StatesUSA14762.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eric%20Hoffer%20in%20LBJ%20Oval%20Office.jpg?width=320
320HippasusQ2988605th-century BC Pythagorean philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; Pythagoreanism-600-500ITA04673.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hippasus%20Metapontinus%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
320MilarepaQ58431Tibetan yogiPhilosopher10401135CHN04672.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhutanese%20painted%20thanka%20of%20Milarepa%20(1052-1135)%2C%20Late%2019th-early%2020th%20Century%2C%20Dhodeydrag%20Gonpa%2C%20Thimphu%2C%20Bhutan.jpg?width=320
320Fakhr al-Din al-RaziQ33370312th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopherPhilosopher11501210IRN114671.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fakhr%20al-Din%20al-Razi.png?width=320
320Antonio NegriQ310341Italian political philosopher (1933–2023)Philosopherautonomism1933-08-012023-12-16ITAItalyITA14669.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Negri%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
320AristoxenusQ3351564th century BC Greek Peripatetic philosopher and musicologistPhilosopher-360-300ITA04669.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aristosseno.jpg?width=320
320René GirardQ129228French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social sciencePhilosopher1923-12-252015-11-04France; United StatesFRA24669.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ren%C3%A9%20Girard.jpg?width=320
320MacrobiusQ313934ancient Roman author (5th century)PhilosopherNeoplatonism03700430Ancient RomeTUN14668.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macrobius%20and%20Eustachius.jpg?width=320
320Adam FergusonQ183094Scottish philosopher and historian; (1723-1816)PhilosopherScottish Common Sense Realism; Scottish Enlightenment1723-07-011816-02-22United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR04666.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg?width=320
320Thomas NagelQ350239American philosopherPhilosopher1937-07-04USAUnited StatesSRB34666.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Nagel%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
320Ernst Moritz ArndtQ57351German historian, writer and politician (1769-1860)Philosopher1769-12-261860-01-29Kingdom of PrussiaDEU04663.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst%20Moritz%20Arndt.jpg?width=320
330Hasan al-BasriQ293500Arab Muslim scholar, theologian, preacher and judge (c.642–728)Philosopher06420728Umayyad Caliphate; Rashidun CaliphateSAU04573.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A.png?width=320
330G. E. M. AnscombeQ229646British analytic philosopherPhilosopher1919-03-182001-01-05GBRUnited KingdomIRL04573.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20Anscombe.jpg?width=320
330ArcesilausQ735273rd-century BC Greek Hellenistic philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-315-240GRCClassical AthensTUR04572.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arcesilaus%20and%20Carneades.jpg?width=320
330PanaetiusQ2974202nd-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherstoicism-185-110GRC04571.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panaetius%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320
330Henri LefebvreQ162597French philosopher (1901-1991)PhilosopherMarxism; critical geography1901-06-161991-06-29FRAFranceFRA04570.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri%20Lefebvre%201971.jpg?width=320
330Félix GuattariQ352465French psychoanalyst (1930–1992)Philosopher1930-03-301992-08-29FRAFranceFRA04570.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA.jpg?width=320
330Johann Georg HamannQ76499German philosopher (1730-1788)PhilosopherSturm und Drang1730-08-271788-06-21Kingdom of PrussiaRUS04569.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Georg%20Hamann%20(1730%E2%80%931788).jpg?width=320
330Otto NeurathQ78570Austrian economist, philosopher and sociologist (1882–1945)Philosopher1882-12-101945-12-22AUTAustriaAUT04569.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Otto%20Neurath.jpg?width=320
330John TolandQ335820Irish philosopher (1670-1722)Philosopher1670-11-301722-03-11Kingdom of Great Britain; Kingdom of IrelandIRL04567.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Toland.jpg?width=320
330Peter SloterdijkQ44845German philosopher (born 1947)Philosopher1947-06-26DEUGermanyDEU04567.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Sloterdijk%2C%20Karlsruhe%2007-2009%2C%20IMGP3019.jpg?width=320
330Alasdair MacIntyreQ310178Scottish-American philosopher (1929–2025)Philosopher1929-01-122025-05-21United Kingdom; United StatesGBR14567.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alasdair%20MacIntyre.jpg?width=320
330Johann Christoph GottschedQ76442German writer, dramaturge, linguist and literary theorist as well as professor of poetics, logic and metaphysics (1700–1766)Philosopher1700-02-021766-12-12Brandenburg-PrussiaRUS04566https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Christoph%20Gottsched.jpg?width=320
330Mortimer J. AdlerQ313929American philosopher, author and educator (1902–2001)Philosopher1902-12-282001-06-28USAUnited StatesUSA04562.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mortimer%20Adler.jpg?width=320
343Thomas ReidQ316347Scottish philosopher (1710–1796)PhilosopherScottish Common Sense Realism; Scottish Enlightenment1710-04-261796-10-07Kingdom of Great BritainGBR34475.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ThomasReid.jpg?width=320
343Gemistus PlethoQ22031315th-century Byzantine Greek philosopherPhilosopher13551452-07-05Byzantine EmpireTUR04474.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benozzo%20Gozzoli%2C%20Pletone%2C%20Cappella%20dei%20Magi.jpg?width=320
343Friedrich Heinrich JacobiQ168004German philosopher (1743-1819)Philosopher1743-01-251819-03-10Kingdom of BavariaDEU04472.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Heinrich%20Jacobi%20portrait.jpg?width=320
343ProdicusQ297402Greek philosopher (c. 465 – c. 395 BC)PhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; sophism-464-380GRCIulisGRC04472.63
343Judah Loew ben BezalelQ363513Czech rabbiPhilosopher15201609-09-17Kingdom of BohemiaPOL04471.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maharal.jpg?width=320
343Eduard von HartmannQ77057German philosopher (1842–1906)Philosopherirrationalism1842-02-231906-06-05Kingdom of PrussiaDEU04471.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Robert%20Eduard%20von%20Hartmann%20(Photographic%20portrait).jpg?width=320
343Synesius of CyreneQ357027Greek bishop of PtolemaisPhilosopher03700413Byzantine EmpireLBY14470.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Syn%C3%A9sios%20de%20Cyr%C3%A8ne.png?width=320
343Syed Abul Ala MaududiQ369907South Asian Islamic scholar, Founder of Jamaat-e-Islami (1903–1979)Philosopher1903-09-251979-09-22PAKPakistanIND34469.3
343A. S. NeillQ316792Scottish educator and theorist (1883-1973)Philosopher1883-10-171973-09-23GBRUnited KingdomGBR24468.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neill%20birthday.jpg?width=320
343Alain de BenoistQ516375French political theoristPhilosopherethnic nationalism; degrowth; Nouvelle Droite1943-12-11FRAFranceFRA14467.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20de%20Benoist%20dans%20le%20documentaire%20Alain%20de%20Benoist.%20R%C3%A9ponses%20de%20Simone%20Olla.png?width=320
343Adolf von HarnackQ164699Baltic German theologian and prominent church historian (1851–1930)Philosopher1851-05-071930-06-10DEUGermanyEST04467.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Adolf%20Harnack.jpg?width=320
343Edward de BonoQ41322Maltese physician and writer (1933–2021)Philosopher1933-05-192021-06-09Crown Colony of MaltaMLT04467.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward%20de%20Bono%20on%20Channel%204%20%22Opinions%22.jpg?width=320
343Ananda CoomaraswamyQ379589Sri Lankan Tamil metaphysician (1877–1947)Philosopher1877-08-221947-09-09British CeylonLKA04465.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coomaraswamy.jpg?width=320
343Juri LotmanQ360084Russian-Estonian semiotician (1922–1993)PhilosopherTartu–Moscow Semiotic School1922-02-281993-10-28ESTEstoniaRUS04464.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yuri%20Lotman.%20Portrait.%201980.jpg?width=320
343Luciano FloridiQ214119Italian philosopherPhilosopher1964-11-16ITAItalyITA24457.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luciano%20Floridi%20a%20Milano.jpg?width=320
358BuddhaghosaQ3352475th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator, translator and philosopherPhilosopher04010500IND04376.08
358HippiasQ2105735th century BC Greek sophistPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; sophism-443-399GRCClassical AthensGRC04375.06
358PriscusQ3117315th-century diplomat, historian and oratorPhilosopher04100471Byzantine EmpireTUR14371.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PriscusofPanium.jpg?width=320
358MazdakQ272300Iranian philosopherPhilosopher04500531IRN04370.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Iranian%20prophet%20Mazdak%20being%20executed.png?width=320
358Richard AvenariusQ76516German philosopher (1843-1896)Philosopher1843-11-191896-08-18Kingdom of PrussiaFRA14368.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Avenarius%20(1843-1896).jpg?width=320
358Moses HessQ213565German philosopher (1812–1875)Philosopher1812-01-211875-04-06DEUGermanyDEU04367.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moses%20Hess.jpg?width=320
358Gustavo GutiérrezQ335384Peruvian theologian (1928–2024)Philosopherliberation theology1928-06-082024-10-22PERPeruPER14366.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gustavo%20gutierrez%20(Peruvian%20theologian).jpg?width=320
358Ernest GellnerQ170078Czech anthropologist, philosopher and sociologistPhilosophercritical rationalism1925-12-091995-11-05GBRUnited KingdomFRA04366.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernest%20Gellner%202.jpg?width=320
358Ronald DworkinQ319803American legal philosopher (1931-2013)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1931-12-112013-02-14USAUnited StatesUSA04366.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ronald%20Dworkin%20at%20the%20Brooklyn%20Book%20Festival.jpg?width=320
358Vinayak Damodar SavarkarQ471040Indian politician (1883–1966)PhilosopherHindu nationalism; Indian independence movement; linguistic purism1883-05-281966-02-26INDIndiaIND44365.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VD%20Savarkar.jpg?width=320
358Antonio LabriolaQ342730Italian philosopher (1843-1904)PhilosopherMarxism1843-07-021904-02-12Kingdom of ItalyITA04364.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Labriola.jpg?width=320
358Jonathan EdwardsQ313073Christian preacher, philosopher, and theologian (1703-1758)PhilosopherFirst Great Awakening1703-10-051758-03-22British AmericaUSA34364.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jonathan%20Edwards%20(Princeton%20Portrait).jpg?width=320
370Diotima of MantineaQ1227107ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopher-450-300GRC04274.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simmler-Deotyma.jpg?width=320
370Marsilius of PaduaQ315357Italian philosopher (1275–1342)Philosopher12751342ITA34271.76https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marsilio%20da%20Padova%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
370Alexandros of AphrodisiasQ3171462nd-3rd century Greek peripatetic philosopher and commentator on AristotlePhilosopherperipatetic school02000215Ancient RomeTUR04271.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrea%20briosco%2C%20aristotele%20e%20alessandro%20di%20afrodisia.JPG?width=320
370CelsusQ3153702nd-century Greek philosopherPhilosopher0200Ancient Rome14270.69
370Martianus CapellaQ348408Latin prose writer of Late AntiquityPhilosopher03600428Western Roman EmpireDZA14269.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martianus%20Capella%20grammaire%202.jpg?width=320
370Edgar MorinQ317880French philosopher and sociologist (1921–2026)Philosophercontinental philosophy1921-07-082026-05-29FRAFranceFRA14268.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edgar%20Morin1.jpg?width=320
370Étienne GilsonQ289739French historian and philosopher (1884-1978)Philosopher1884-06-131978-09-19FRAFranceFRA04267.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Gilson%20%C3%A2g%C3%A9.jpg?width=320
370Hermann LotzeQ57684German philosopher (1817-1881)Philosopher1817-05-211881-07-01Kingdom of SaxonyDEU04266.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Humboldt-Universit%C3%A4tsbibliothek-Lotze.jpg?width=320
370Hu ShihQ47667Chinese scholar, writer and philosopher (1891–1962)PhilosopherNew Culture Movement1891-12-171962-02-24TWNTaiwanCHN34265.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hu%20Shih%201960%20color.jpg?width=320
370Tom ReganQ314146American philosopher (1938–2017)Philosopher1938-11-282017-02-17USAUnited StatesUSA04264.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TomRegan2.jpg?width=320
370Mary DalyQ241392American feminist philosopher and theologian (1928–2010)Philosopher1928-10-162010-01-03USAUnited StatesUSA04257.39
381Euclid of MegaraQ312682Greek philosopher (c. 435 – c. 365 BC)PhilosopherMegarian school-435-365GRCMegaraGRC04171.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euclides%20Megarensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
381Lucien Lévy-BruhlQ324932French philosopher (1857-1939)Philosopher1857-04-101939-03-13FRAFranceFRA04170.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1923%20Lucien%20L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl.jpg?width=320
381Alfred SchützQ94018American sociologist (1899–1959)Philosopher1899-04-131959-05-20Austria; United StatesAUT04170.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schtz1.jpg?width=320
381AenesidemusQ3144671st century BC Greek Pyrrhonist philosopherPhilosopherpyrrhonism-80-10Ancient RomeGRC04170.04
381Rudolf OttoQ76748German theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist (1869–1937)Philosopher1869-09-251937-03-07DEUGermanyDEU04169.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RudolfOtto.jpg?width=320
381Francisco de VitoriaQ312384Spanish philosopherPhilosopherSchool of Salamanca14801546-08-22Kingdom of CastileESP04169.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francisco%20de%20Vitoria.jpg?width=320
381Wilhelm WindelbandQ77045German philosopher (1848–1915)PhilosopherNeo-Kantianism1848-05-111915-10-22Kingdom of PrussiaDEU04168.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wilhelm%20Windelband.jpg?width=320
381Saadia GaonQ328748rabbi, translator, Jewish philosopher and theologian (0882-0942) active during the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt and IrakPhilosopher0882-070942-05-21Abbasid CaliphateEGY44168.42
381Marcus Cornelius FrontoQ3170552nd century Roman rhetorician and advocatePhilosopher01000160Ancient RomeDZA04168
381Christian ThomasiusQ57501German philosopher (1655-1728)Philosopher1655-01-011728-09-23Electorate of SaxonyDEU04167.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christian%20Thomasius.jpg?width=320
381ShantidevaQ4454608th-century Indian Buddhist monk and scholarPhilosopher06850763IND14167.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shantideva(1).gif?width=320
381Pierre DuhemQ314172French physicist and historian of science (1861-1916)Philosopher1861-06-101916-09-14FRAFranceFRA74166.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre%20Duhem.jpg?width=320
381Ivan IlyinQ1282198Russian political philosopher (1883–1954)Philosopher1883-04-091954-12-21CHESwitzerlandRUS04166.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iljin02.jpg?width=320
381Sivananda SaraswatiQ458855Hindu spiritual teacher (1887–1963)Philosopher1887-09-081963-07-14INDIndiaIND04165.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Krishnananda%20and%20Sivananda%201945.jpg?width=320
381Charles TaylorQ311757Canadian philosopher (born 1931)Philosopher1931-11-05CANCanadaCAN14165.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charles%20Taylor%20(2019).jpg?width=320
381María ZambranoQ235134Spanish philosopher (1904–1991)PhilosopherGeneration of ‘271904-04-221991-02-06ESPSpainESP04164.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mar%C3%ADa-Zambrano-1-e1602071174321.png?width=320
381Michel OnfrayQ7060French philosopherPhilosophereuroscepticism; materialism; atheism1959-01-01FRAFranceFRA74158.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michel%20Onfray%20no%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%20Santa%20Catarina%202012%20(8212742449).jpg?width=320
398Pherecydes of SyrosQ3114856th-century BCE Greek mythographer and proto-philosopherPhilosopherOrphism-580-499GRC04072.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pherecydes.jpg?width=320
398Strato of LampsacusQ316353ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherperipatetic school-335-269TUR04070.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Strato%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320
398Pietro PomponazziQ318787Italian philosopher (1462 – 1525)PhilosopherSchool of Padua; scholasticism1462-09-251525-05-28ITA04070.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pietro%20Pomponazzi.jpg?width=320
398Isaac AbrabanelQ319902Portuguese-Spanish Jewish businessman, exegete and philosopher (1437-1508)Philosopher14371508-10-03Kingdom of PortugalPRT14069.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brockhaus%20and%20Efron%20Jewish%20Encyclopedia%20e1%20134-0.jpg?width=320
398Étienne CabetQ289478French philosopher (1788–1856)PhilosopherCharbonnerie1788-01-011856-11-09FRAFranceFRA14069https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Cabet%20(1788-1856)%20m%C3%AAme%20portrait%2C%20l'habit%20simplement%20esquiss%C3%A9%2C%20D.1740.jpg?width=320
398Shihab al-Din SuhrawardiQ282883Persian philosopher and founder of the school of IlluminationismPhilosopher11551191Abbasid CaliphateIRN14068.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shahab%20al-Din%20Suhrawardi.jpg?width=320
398Karl RahnerQ57317German Catholic theologian (1904–1984)Philosopher1904-03-051984-03-30DEUGermanyDEU04068.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Rahner%20by%20Letizia%20Mancino%20Cremer.jpg?width=320
398Hans ReichenbachQ170147German–American philosopherPhilosopher1891-09-261953-04-09DEUGermanyDEU04067.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/H%20Reichenbach.jpg?width=320
398ArnobiusQ342416Christian apologistPhilosopher02550327Ancient RomeTUN04067.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%20-Arnobius%20of%20Sicca.jpg?width=320
398Norberto BobbioQ332693Italian legal scholar (1909–2004)Philosopher1909-10-182004-01-09ITAItalyITA04066.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Norberto%20bobbio.jpg?width=320
398Victor CousinQ434346French philosopher (1792–1867)Philosopher1792-11-281867-01-14FRAFranceFRA24066.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Victor%20Cousin%20by%20Gustave%20Le%20Gray%2C%20late%201850s-crop.jpg?width=320
398Bernardino TelesioQ457986Italian philosopherPhilosopher1509-11-171588-10-12ITA04065.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bernardino%20Telesio.jpg?width=320
398Eric VoegelinQ704039American philosopher (1901–1985)Philosopher1901-01-031985-01-19United States; GermanyDEU04063.96
398Alain FinkielkrautQ380443French philosopher (born 1949)PhilosopherNew Philosophers1949-06-30France; PolandFRA34060.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alain%20Finkielkraut.jpg?width=320
398Robert Anton WilsonQ314215American author, futurist, and agnostic mystic (1932-2007)Philosopher1932-01-182007-01-11USAUnited StatesUSA04058.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Anton%20Wilson%20(crop).jpg?width=320
413TheanoQ2354266th-century BC Pythagorean philosopherPhilosopher-600-600ITA03973.38
413Bayazid BastamiQ3802419th century Persian Sufi mysticPhilosopher08040848Abbasid CaliphateIRN03971.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abu%20yazid.png?width=320
413Ibn MiskawayhQ481384Persian philosopher and historian ( 932–1030)Philosopher09321030Buyid dynastyIRN13970.88
413Heraclides PonticusQ316334Greek philosopher and astronomer (c.390–c.310 BC)PhilosopherPlatonism-385-322TUR03970.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heraclides%20Ponticus%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
413Hugh of Saint VictorQ317554German-French canon regular and theologianPhilosopher10961141Kingdom of France; Duchy of SaxonyDEU203969.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hugostv.jpg?width=320
413Jacobus ArminiusQ313070Dutch theologian, inspirator of Arminianism, champion of tolerance (1560-1609)Philosopher1560-10-201609-10-19Dutch RepublicNLD03969.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Arminius%202.jpg?width=320
413Alexandre KojèveQ354504Russian-born French philosopher and statesmanPhilosophercontinental philosophy1902-05-111968-06-04statelessness; FranceRUS03969.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexandre%20Koj%C3%A8ve.jpg?width=320
413Hermann CohenQ76709German philosopher (1842–1918)PhilosopherMarburg School; Western philosophy1842-07-041918-04-04Duchy of AnhaltDEU03969.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brockhaus%20and%20Efron%20Jewish%20Encyclopedia%20e9%20615-0.jpg?width=320
413John PhiloponusQ317632Byzantine philologist and philosopher (c. 490–c. 570)Philosopher04900570Byzantine EmpireEGY03969.25
413Thomas Hill GreenQ369621British philosopher (1836-1882)PhilosopherBritish idealism1836-04-071882-03-26United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03968.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomashillgreen.jpg?width=320
413Jean GersonQ281179French academic (1363/1369–1429)Philosopher1363-12-221429-07-21Kingdom of FranceFRA473968https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuremberg%20chronicles%20f%20240r%202%20Jo.%20Gerson.jpg?width=320
413Francisco FerrerQ354202Spanish freethinker, anarchist and educator (1859–1909)Philosopherlabor movement; anarchism1859-01-141909-10-13ESPSpainESP13967.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francisco%20Ferrer%20Guardia.jpg?width=320
413Gaius Musonius RufusQ3818741st century AD Roman Stoic philosopherPhilosopherstoicism00250095Ancient RomeITA03966.81
413Emmanuel MounierQ351359French philosopher (1905–1950)Philosopherpersonalism1905-04-011950-03-22FRAFranceFRA23966.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emmanuel%20mounier%201905%E2%80%931950.jpg?width=320
413Sergei BulgakovQ332535Russian Orthodox Christian theologian, philosopher, priest and economist (1871–1944)Philosopher1871-06-281944-07-13FRAFranceRUS03965.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sbulgakov.jpg?width=320
413Petr UspenskyQ434266Russian esotericist (1878–1947)Philosopher1878-03-171947-10-02USAUnited StatesRUS03965.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ouspensky-kansi-2019.jpg?width=320
413Harriet Taylor MillQ240782British philosopher (1807–1858)Philosopher1807-10-081858-11-03United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03965.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harriet%20Mill%20from%20NPG.jpg?width=320
413Jean-Marie GuyauQ707490French writer and philosopher (1854-1888)Philosopher1854-10-281888-03-31FRAFranceFRA13964.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Marie%20Guyau.jpg?width=320
413R. G. CollingwoodQ317075British historian and philosopher (1889–1943)Philosopher1889-02-221943-01-09GBRUnited KingdomGBR03964.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robin%20G.%20Collingwood.jpg?width=320
413Antonio RosminiQ337311Italian philosopher and priest (1797–1855)Philosopher1797-03-241855-07-01Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia; Kingdom of ItalyITA03963.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francesco%20Hayez%20(1791-1882)%20Ritratto%20di%20Antonio%20Rosmini%20(1853-1856)%20Galleria%20d'Arte%20Moderna%20di%20Milano.jpg?width=320
413Alexei KhomyakovQ358497Russian philosopher (1804-1860)Philosopher1804-05-131860-10-05Russian EmpireRUS03962.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KhomyakovA%20AvtoportretABR.jpg?width=320
413Philippa FootQ297493English philosopher (1920–2010)Philosopher1920-10-032010-10-03GBRUnited KingdomGBR03961.97
413Jean RostandQ287953French writer (1894–1977)Philosopher1894-10-301977-09-04FRAFranceFRA13959.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RostandJean.jpg?width=320
413David ChalmersQ366123Australian philosopher and cognitive scientistPhilosopheratheism1966-04-20AUSAustraliaAUS03956.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20chalmers.jpg?width=320
437CratylusQ1252475th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosopher-500GRCClassical AthensGRC03872.22
437Uriel da CostaQ347893Portuguese philosopher (c.1585-1640)PhilosopherWestern philosophy15851640-04Dutch Republic; Kingdom of PortugalPRT03870https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dacosta%20und%20Spinoza.jpg?width=320
437Crates of ThebesQ317947Cynic philosopherPhilosopherCynicism-365-285GRCThebesGRC03869.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crates%20of%20Thebes%20Villa%20Farnesina.jpg?width=320
437StilpoQ381048Greek Megarian school philosopher (c.360–c. 280 BC)PhilosopherMegarian school-359-279GRC03869.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stilpo%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320
437DamasciusQ3153606th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopherNeoplatonism04800550Sasanian Empire; Byzantine EmpireSYR13868.64
437Ágnes HellerQ235125Hungarian philosopher and academicPhilosopherBudapest School1929-05-122019-07-19HUNHungaryHUN03868.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%81gnes%20Heller%20G%C3%B6teborg%20Book%20Fair%202015.jpg?width=320
437Carl Gustav HempelQ61885German philosopher (1905–1997)Philosopher1905-01-081997-11-09Germany; United StatesDEU13868.26
437Eudemus of RhodesQ358482ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherperipatetic school-350-290GRCRhodesGRC03867.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eudemos%20von%20Rhodos.jpg?width=320
437Chantal MouffeQ236173Belgian post-marxist political theorist (born 1943)Philosopher1943-06-17BELBelgiumBEL03867.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chantal%20Mouffe%202013.jpg?width=320
437Ernesto LaclauQ454802Argentine philosopher and political theorist (1935-2014)Philosopher1935-10-062014-04-13ARGArgentinaARG03867.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Presentaci%C3%B3n%20del%20Documental%20CATASTROIKA%20y%20Presentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20Revista%20Debates%20y%20Combates%20(7215329954).jpg?width=320
437Michel SerresQ364456French philosopher and historian of science (1930–2019)Philosopher1930-09-012019-06-01FRAFranceFRA03865.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/16%20Michel%20Serres%20librairie%20Dialogues%2030%20octobre%202014.JPG?width=320
437Silvia FedericiQ597248Italian American scholar, teacher, and feminist activistPhilosopher1942-04-24Italy; United StatesITA13864.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La%20escritora%20y%20activista%20feminista%20Silvia%20Federici%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
437NezahualcóyotlQ379964ruler of TexcocoPhilosopher1402-05-051472-06-13TexcocoMEX03863.82https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nezahualcoyotl.jpg?width=320
437Alvin PlantingaQ355201American Christian philosopherPhilosopherWestern philosophy1932-11-15USAUnited StatesUSA23862.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlvinPlantinga.JPG?width=320
437AbhinavaguptaQ320619Indian philosopher and writer (c.950–1016)Philosopher0950102003862.07
437Anandamayi MaQ433594Hindu Guru (1896–1982)Philosopher1896-04-301982-08-27INDIndiaBGD03860.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ma%20Anandamayi.jpg?width=320
437Nick BostromQ460475Swedish philosopher (born 1973)Philosopher1973-03-10SWESwedenSWE13855.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prof%20Nick%20Bostrom%20324-1.jpg?width=320
454Pat RobertsonQ364990American media mogul and minister (1930–2023)Philosopher1930-03-222023-06-08USAUnited StatesUSA03771.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pat%20Robertson%20Paparazzo%20Photography.jpg?width=320
454Hans JonasQ57255German philosopher (1903–1993)Philosopher1903-05-101993-02-05DEUGermanyDEU23771.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Jonas%20an%20der%20Universit%C3%A4t%20St.%20Gallen%20(1983)%20HSGH%20022-001945%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
454SpeusippusQ3259554th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-407-339GRCClassical AthensGRC03771.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Speusippus%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320
454Antoine ArnauldQ353887French theologian, philosopher, mathematician (1612-1694)Philosopher1612-02-161694-08-08Kingdom of FranceFRA43768.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoine%20Arnauld4.jpg?width=320
454Nicephorus GregorasQ372109Byzantine astronomer and scholarPhilosopher12951360Byzantine EmpireTUR03768.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GregorasNic.jpg?width=320
454Jacques Lefèvre d'ÉtaplesQ356513French theologian and humanist (1450 ca.-1536/1538)Philosopher14501536-03Kingdom of FranceFRA03767.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FaberStapulensis.jpg?width=320
454Guillaume BudéQ353668French scholar, humanist and administrator (1467-1540)Philosopher1467-02-041540-09-01Kingdom of FranceFRA73766.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guillaume%20Bud%C3%A9%20by%20Jean%20Clouet.jpg?width=320
454Ludwig BüchnerQ62831German philosopher and scientist (1824-1899)Philosopheratheism; scientific materialism; freethought1824-03-291899-05-01Grand Duchy of HesseDEU03765.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20B%C3%BCchner.jpg?width=320
454James UssherQ333481Archbishop of Armagh (1581-1656)Philosopher1581-01-141656-03-21Kingdom of IrelandIRL13765.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Ussher%20by%20Sir%20Peter%20Lely.jpg?width=320
454Paul GriceQ311776British philosopherPhilosopher1913-03-131988-08-28GBRUnited KingdomGBR23765.27
454Philipp MainländerQ76177German poet and philosopher (1841–1876)Philosopher18411876-04-01Grand Duchy of HesseDEU13765.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philipp%20Mainlaender.png?width=320
454David HartleyQ379902British philosopherPhilosopher1705-07-021757-08-28Kingdom of Great BritainGBR03764.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20D.%20Hartley%2C%2017thC%20Wellcome%20L0002618.jpg?width=320
454Jacques EllulQ322922French sociologist, technology critic, and Christian anarchistPhilosopherdegrowth; personalism1912-01-061994-05-19FRAFranceFRA73764.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jacques%20Ellul%2C%201990%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
454Michael WalzerQ445511American philosopher (born 1935)Philosopher1935-03-03USAUnited StatesUSA23763.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MichaelWalzer-USNA-Lecture.jpg?width=320
454Michael DummettQ342646British philosopher (1925–2011)Philosopher1925-06-272011-12-27GBRUnited KingdomGBR03763.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Dummett%20September%202004.jpg?width=320
454Mario BungeQ708853Argentine-Canadian philosopher (1919-2020)Philosopher1919-09-212020-02-25Argentina; CanadaARG03763.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MarioBungesmall.jpg?width=320
454Jerry FodorQ319186American philosopher (1935–2017)Philosopher1935-04-222017-11-29USAUnited StatesUSA03762.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jerry%20Fodor.jpg?width=320
454F. H. BradleyQ350236British philosopher (1846–1924)Philosopher1846-01-301924-09-18United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03762.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/F.H.%20Bradley.png?width=320
454Thomas ArnoldQ887226English educator and historian, headmaster of Rugby School (1795-1842)Philosopher1795-06-131842-06-12United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03758.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Arnold%20by%20Thomas%20Phillips.jpg?width=320
454Abraham Joshua HeschelQ215833Polish-American rabbi, philosopher, and civil rights activist (1907-1972)Philosopher1907-01-111972-12-23Poland; United StatesPOL13758.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heschel2.jpg?width=320
454Amos Bronson AlcottQ474235American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer (1799-1888)Philosophertranscendentalism1799-11-291888-03-04USAUnited StatesUSA03755.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronson%20Alcott%20from%20NYPL%20gallery.jpg?width=320
475Donald DavidsonQ311772American philosopher (1917–2003)Philosopher1917-03-062003-08-30USAUnited StatesUSA03672.02
475Andronicus of RhodesQ352988ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherperipatetic school-100-60GRC03671.28
475RoscellinusQ297435French philosopherPhilosopher10501121Kingdom of FranceFRA03670.57
475Abu YusufQ220697Arab Muslim Scholar and jurist (died 798)Philosopher07310798IRQ33670.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81.png?width=320
475Ari ÞorgilssonQ355194Icelandic writerPhilosopher10671148-11-16ISLIcelandISL13670.13
475Hipparchia of MaroneiaQ235494Cynic philosopherPhilosopherCynicism-350-280GRC03670.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hipparchia%20of%20Maroneia%20Villa%20Farnesina.jpg?width=320
475Nicolai HartmannQ76501German philosopher (1882–1950)Philosopher1882-02-201950-10-09DEUGermanyLVA13669.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NicolaiHartmann-0-225x300.png?width=320
475Hunayn ibn IshaqQ503130Arab physician, translator, and scholar of the Abbasid era.Philosopher08080873Abbasid CaliphateIRQ03669.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hunayn%20ibn-Ishaq%20al-'Ibadi%20Isagoge.jpg?width=320
475NahmanidesQ35545513th century Catalonian rabbi and scholarPhilosopher11941270Crown of AragonESP63669.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nahmanides%20painting.jpg?width=320
475Julius Caesar ScaligerQ441066Italian scholar, physician and philosopher (1484-1558)Philosopher1484-05-021558-10-31ITA03669.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julius%20Caesar%20Scaliger%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
475Alexandre KoyréQ319243French philosopher (1892–1964)Philosopher1892-08-291964-04-28FRAFranceRUS03668.96
475Michael SandelQ381044American political philosopherPhilosopher1953-03-05USAUnited StatesUSA23667.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2023-08-07%20Michael%20Sandel%20no%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%202023%20em%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20(53103759044)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
475Antiochus of AscalonQ320042ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-127-68Hasmonean dynastyISR03667.55
475John of SalisburyQ264028English philosopher and theologian (ca 1115-1180)Philosopher11101180-11-01Kingdom of EnglandGBR83667.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Policraticon%20de%20Jean%20de%20Salisbury%20-%20BSG%20Ms1145%20f3r%20(Jean%20de%20Salisbury%20enseignant).jpeg?width=320
475Rodolphus AgricolaQ365557Dutch humanist (1443-1485)Philosopher1444-02-261485-11-06Habsburg NetherlandsNLD03667.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Agricola%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
475Dhu'l-Nun al-MisriQ981803Sufi saintPhilosopher07960860Medieval EgyptEGY03667.23
475ThemistiusQ365183Roman statesman, rhetorician and philosopher (317–c.388)Philosopher03170388Ancient RomeTUR03667.08
475PhilodemusQ4515501st-century BC Greek Epicurean philosopher and poetPhilosopherEpicureanism-110-35JOR03666.78
475Kenneth WaltzQ356069American political scientist and international relations theoretician (1924-2013)Philosopher1924-06-082013-05-12USAUnited StatesUSA03666.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%86.jpg?width=320
475Gianni VattimoQ159648Italian philosopher and politician (1936–2023)Philosopher1936-01-042023-09-19ITAItalyITA13665.61https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gianni%20Vattimo%20-%20Participante%20del%20Foro%20Internacional%20por%20la%20Emancipaci%C3%B3n%20y%20la%20Igualdad%20(16106465993).jpg?width=320
475Nancy FraserQ267536American philosopherPhilosopher1947-05-20USAUnited StatesUSA03664.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nancy%20Fraser%20YT.webp?width=320
475Uthman Dan FodioQ380452founder of the Sokoto CaliphatePhilosopher1754-12-151817-04-20Sokoto CaliphateNGA03664.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Usman%20Ibn%20Fodio%20Calligraphy%2002.png?width=320
475Nicola AbbagnanoQ315251Italian existential philosopher (1901-1990)Philosopher1901-07-151990-09-09ITAItalyITA03664.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicola%20Abbagnano%20(1901-1990).png?width=320
475Arne NæssQ335152Norwegian philosopher and mountain climber (1912-2009)Philosopher1912-01-272009-01-12NORNorwayNOR03664.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arne%20N%C3%A6ss%2C%202003%20(cropped)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
475Pyotr LavrovQ337628Russian academic (1823–1900)PhilosopherRussian philosophy1823-06-141900-02-06FRAFranceRUS13663.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/P%20L%20Lavrov%20old.jpg?width=320
475Johan Vilhelm SnellmanQ127688Finnish politician and author (1806-1881)Philosopher1806-05-121881-07-04Russian Empire; Grand Duchy of FinlandSWE03663.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RAUHALA(1921)%20p029%20J.W.%20Snellman%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
475André GlucksmannQ362349French philosopher (1937–2015)Philosopher1937-06-192015-11-10FRAFranceFRA03663.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andre%20Glucksmann2.jpg?width=320
475Mark FisherQ20740852British cultural theorist (1968-2017)Philosopher1968-07-112017-01-13GBRUnited KingdomGBR23662.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mark%20fisher.jpg?width=320
475Raymond WilliamsQ394628Welsh scholar, author, and Marxist literary critic (1921–1988)PhilosopherWestern Marxism1921-08-311988-01-26GBRUnited KingdomGBR33660.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raymond%20Williams%20At%20Saffron%20Walden.jpg?width=320
504VasiṣṭhaQ241900ancient Indian sagePhilosopher-2000-200003573.76https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vasistha%20summons%20Sabala%2C%20the%20cow%20of%20abundance%2C%20to%20provide%20for%20a%20feast.jpg?width=320
504Josef BreuerQ84430Austrian physician (1842-1925)Philosopher1842-01-151925-06-20AUTAustriaAUT03572.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jozef%20Breuer%2C%201877.jpg?width=320
504Epimenides of CreteQ3194067th/6th-century BC Greek seer, philosopher, and poetPhilosopher-690-600GRC03571.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epimenides-poet.jpg?width=320
504Arnaldus de Villa NovaQ356568physician and alchemist of Kingdom of ValenciaPhilosopher12581311Crown of AragonESP103570.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnaldus%20de%20Villanova.jpg?width=320
504AsangaQ3799054th century Indian Mahayana Buddhist scholarPhilosopher03000301PAK03569.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Asanga.JPG?width=320
504Pierre d'AillyQ318580French theologian and astrologer (1351–1420)Philosopher13501420-08-18FRAFranceFRA133568.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20de%20Franse%20kardinaal%20Pierre%20d'Ailly%20Annes%20Card.%20D'Alli%20(titel%20op%20object)%20Portretten%20van%20kardinalen%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1910-4515.jpg?width=320
504Jacques RancièreQ467470French philosopher (1940–)Philosopherpost-Marxism1940-06-10FRAFranceDZA43568.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ranciere.jpg?width=320
504Mulla SadraQ201095517th-century Iranian Shia philosopher and theologianPhilosopher15711641Safavid IranIRN03568.03
504Dong ZhongshuQ445626Premier Confucian scholar, philosopher, and official during the Western HanPhilosopherChinese philosophy-179-104Western HanCHN13567.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dong%20zhongshu.jpg?width=320
504Timon of PhliusQ280872Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher (c.320–c.235 BC)Philosopherskepticism-320-230GRCPhliusGRC13567.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Timon%20in%20Thomas%20Stanley%20History%20of%20Philosophy.jpg?width=320
504Alain of LilleQ4313French theologian and poet (died 1202)Philosopher11151203-01-05Kingdom of FranceFRA143567.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alanus%20de%20Insulis%20(Alain%20de%20Lille).%20Woodcut.%20Wellcome%20V0000079.jpg?width=320
504Henry SusoQ303435German Dominican friar and mysticPhilosopher1295-03-211366-02-02DEUGermanyDEU83567.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heinrich%20v%20Berg.jpg?width=320
504John N. GrayQ522440British political philosopher (born 1948)Philosopher1948-04-17GBRUnited KingdomGBR03566.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brainwash%20Festival%202015%20-%20John%20Gray%20(3).jpg?width=320
504PriscianQ3564336th-century Latin grammarianPhilosopher05000600Ancient RomeDZA13566.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priscianus%20della%20Robbia%20OPA%20Florence.jpg?width=320
504Petrus RamusQ376124French philosopherPhilosopher15151572-09-05Kingdom of FranceFRA03566.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Pierre%20de%20La%20Ram%C3%A9e%20Petrus%20Ramus%20math.%20pro%20reg.%20(titel%20op%20object)%20Serie%20portretten%20van%20vijftiende-%20en%20zestiende-eeuwse%20geleerden%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1910-4265%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
504Hasdai CrescasQ528415Spanish Jewish philosopher and teacher (c.1340–1410/11)Philosopher13401410Crown of AragonESP13566.51
504Georgios PachymeresQ318365Byzantine scholar (1242–1310)Philosopher12421310Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine EmpireTUR03566.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgius%20Pachymeres.jpg?width=320
504ValentinusQ309864Egyptian gnostic theologian (c.100–c. 160)Philosopher01000160EGY03566.01
504Annemarie SchimmelQ75860German scholar of Islam (1922-2003)Philosopher1922-04-072003-01-26DEUGermanyDEU03565.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schimmel%20bonngasse.jpg?width=320
504John AustinQ60837legal philosopher; (1790-1859)Philosopher1790-03-031859-12-01United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03564.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Austin%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
504Abraham Isaac KookQ330110chief rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine (1865-1935)Philosopher1865-09-071935-09-01Ottoman Empire; Mandatory Palestine; Russian EmpireLVA63564.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Avraham%20Issac%20Kook%20portrait%20cropped.JPG?width=320
504Frithjof SchuonQ123382Swiss philosopher, poet and painter (1907-1998)PhilosopherTraditionalist School; perennial philosophy1907-06-181998-05-05CHESwitzerlandCHE53563.76https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frithjof-Schuon-circa-1980.jpg?width=320
504Nikolai Fyodorovich FyodorovQ463723Russian philosopher and life extensionist (1829-1903)Philosopher1829-06-071903-12-28Russian EmpireRUS03562.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pasternak%20fedorov.jpg?width=320
504Jean VanierQ545644Canadian humanitarian, Catholic philosopher, and theologian (1928–2019)Philosopher1928-09-102019-05-07France; CanadaCHE03562.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Vanier%20(2012%2C%20cropped).jpg?width=320
504ThiruvalluvarQ2353373Tamil poet and philosopherPhilosopher03500351Chola dynastyIND03562.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thiruvalluvar%201960%20stamp%20of%20India.jpg?width=320
504GaudapadaQ1771062Vedanta philosopher, HinduismPhilosopher055003560.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shri%20Gaudapadacharya%20Statue.jpg?width=320
504Susanne LangerQ466026American philosopher (1895–1985)Philosopher1895-12-201985-07-17USAUnited StatesUSA03560.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susanne%20Langer%201925.jpg?width=320
504Fernando SavaterQ317512Spanish philosophy professor and authorPhilosopher1947-06-21ESPSpainESP23558.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fernando%20Savater%20by%20Gonzalo%20Merat.jpg?width=320
504Alexander TarasovQ620732Russian academic and politicianPhilosopher1958-03-08RUSRussia03553.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tarasov.jpg?width=320
533Jerome of PragueQ434550Czech philosopherPhilosopher13801416-06-08CZE03471.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Hi%C3%ABronymus%20van%20Praag%20Beroemde%20hervormers%20(serietitel)%20Icones%20virorum%20nostra%20patrumq.%20memoria%20illustrium%20(serietitel)%2C%20RP-P-1908-3864.jpg?width=320
533Heinrich RickertQ77012German philosopher (1863-1936)Philosopher1863-05-251936-07-25DEUGermanyPOL03468.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heinrich%20Rickert.jpg?width=320
533Francesco PatriziQ435300Venetian philosopher and scientist (1529-1597)Philosopher1529-05-051597-02-06Republic of VeniceHRV123468.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frane%20Petric.jpg?width=320
533Antoine Destutt de TracyQ351691French philosopher (1754-1836)Philosopher1754-07-201836-03-09FRAFranceFRA03468.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoine-Louis-Claude%20Destutt%20de%20Tracy.png?width=320
533Thomas CajetanQ435853Catholic cardinalPhilosopher1469-03-011534-08-19ITA03467.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20Cajetan%20Kupferstich.jpg?width=320
533Shah Waliullah DehlawiQ392835Indian muslim scholarPhilosopher1703-02-211762-08-20Mughal EmpireIND23467.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shah%20Waliullah%20Name.svg?width=320
533Ge HongQ5536784th century Chinese scholar and philosopherPhilosopher02840364Eastern Jin dynastyCHN33467.24https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA.jpg?width=320
533Brunetto LatiniQ366328Italian scholar and statesman, c. 1220–1294Philosopher12201294Republic of FlorenceITA43467.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brunetto%20latini.jpg?width=320
533H. L. A. HartQ374834English legal philosopher (1907–1992)Philosopheranalytic philosophy1907-07-181992-12-19GBRUnited KingdomGBR03466.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/H.L.A.Hart.jpg?width=320
533Ernst TroeltschQ60285German philosopher and theologian (1865-1923)Philosopher1865-02-171923-02-01DEUGermanyDEU03466.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ErnstTroeltsch.jpg?width=320
533Anania ShirakatsiQ471769Armenian scientistPhilosopher06100685ARM13466.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Interiero%20de%20Matenadaran%2003.jpg?width=320
533Manuel ChrysolorasQ434356Byzantine Greek scholar, diplomat, and professor (c. 1350–1415)Philosopher13501415-09-24Byzantine EmpireTUR03465.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Manuel%20Chrysoloras%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
533Pierre CharronQ463846French theologian and philosopherPhilosopherhumanism15411603-11-16FRAFranceFRA03464.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CharronDet.jpg?width=320
533Yves BonnefoyQ250136French poet, essayist, translator (1923–2016)Philosopher1923-06-242016-07-01FRAFranceFRA03464.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yves%20Bonnefoy%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
533Feofan ProkopovichQ348899Ukrainian theologian, writer, poet, mathematician, and philosopher, archbishop in the Tsardom of Russia (1681-1736)Philosopher1681-06-181736-09-19Tsardom of RussiaUKR03463.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feofan%20Prokopovich.jpg?width=320
533Kitarō NishidaQ45125Japanese philosopher (1870–1945)PhilosopherKyoto School1870-05-191945-06-07JPNJapanJPN23462.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait-of-Kitaro-Nishida.png?width=320
533William PaleyQ433739Christian apologist, natural theologian, utilitarian; (1743-1805)Philosopher1743-07-141805-05-25United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03462.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Paley%20by%20George%20Romney.jpg?width=320
533Mykola AmosovQ670987Ukrainian soviet and Ukrainian surgeon (1913–2002)Philosopher1913-12-192002-12-12UKRUkraineRUS03461.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nikolai%20Amosov%20-%20Soviet%20Life%2C%20October%201984.jpg?width=320
533Bernard WilliamsQ345641English moral philosopher (1929–2003)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1929-09-212003-06-10GBRUnited KingdomGBR03461.68
533Lucian BlagaQ381256Romanian writer (1895–1961)Philosopher1895-05-091961-05-06Austria–Hungary; Kingdom of Romania; Romanian People's RepublicROU03461.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucian%20Blaga%20(1).jpg?width=320
533Ted NelsonQ62852American information technologist, philosopher, and sociologistPhilosopher1937-06-17USAUnited StatesUSA53460.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ted%20Nelson%20cropped.jpg?width=320
533Northrop FryeQ354256Canadian literary critic and literary theorist (1912–1991)Philosopher1912-07-141991-01-23CANCanadaCAN23459.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Northrop%20Frye%20statue.JPG?width=320
533Lysander SpoonerQ538091American political philosopher, essayist, pamphlet writer, Unitarian, abolitionist, individualist anarchist, legal theorist, a member of the socialist First International and entrepreneur of the 19th century (1808–1887)Philosopher1808-01-191887-05-14USAUnited StatesUSA13458.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LysanderSpooner.jpg?width=320
533Amina WadudQ265133American Islamic scholarPhilosopherblack feminism1952-09-25United States; MalaysiaUSA03457.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amina%20Wadud.jpg?width=320
557Justus LipsiusQ315871Flemish philologist, philosopher and legal scholar (1547-1606)Philosopherhumanism; stoicism1547-10-281606-03-23Spanish NetherlandsBEL23369.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Justus%20Lipsius%20by%20Peter%20Paul%20Rubens.jpg?width=320
557Pompeia PlotinaQ239448Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor TrajanPhilosopher00650121Ancient RomeESP03369.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Head%20Roman%20woman%20Glyptothek%20Munich%20405.jpg?width=320
557Maurice HalbwachsQ326000French sociologist (1877-1945), died in Buchenwald concentration campPhilosopher1877-03-111945-03-16FRAFranceFRA03369.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20de%20Maurice%20Halbwachs.jpg?width=320
557ThrasymachusQ3209555th-century BC Greek sophistPhilosopher-459-399TUR03368.69
557Philo of LarissaQ365110ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-159-84GRC03368.58
557Haji Bektash VeliQ469865Anatolian Muslim mystic (1209–1271)PhilosopherNeoplatonism12091271IRN03368.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%20%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%20-%20%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%20(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0).jpg?width=320
557Vincent of BeauvaisQ45516213th century French encyclopedistPhilosopher11901264Kingdom of FranceFRA163367.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vincent%20de%20Beauvais.jpg?width=320
557Franz RosenzweigQ76710German Jewish theologian and philosopher (1886–1929)Philosopher1886-12-251929-12-10DEUGermanyDEU13367.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Rosenzweig.jpg?width=320
557Giovanni Girolamo SaccheriQ289517Italian Jesuit and mathematicianPhilosopher1667-091733-10-25Republic of GenoaITA03366.77
557Yi IQ379653Joseon civil servant & Neo-Confucianist (1536 – 1584)Philosopher1536-12-261584JoseonKOR03366.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20151003%EC%B5%9C%EA%B4%91%EB%AA%A8RX10DSC03013.JPG?width=320
557Homi K. BhabhaQ325741Indian critical theorist (born 1949)Philosopher1949INDIndiaIND03366.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Homi%20K.%20Bhabha-cropd.jpg?width=320
557Nelson GoodmanQ318048American philosopher (1906–1998)Philosopher1906-08-071998-11-25USAUnited StatesUSA03366.13
557Ahmad SirhindiQ2493613Philosopher (1564-1624)Philosopher1564-07-061624Mughal EmpireIND03365.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sirhindi1.png?width=320
557Carl StumpfQ57497German philosopher (1848–1936)Philosopher1848-04-211936-12-25DEUGermanyDEU03365.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carlstumpf.jpg?width=320
557Hans VaihingerQ76518German philosopher (1852–1933)Philosopherfictionalism; materialism; as if1852-09-251933-12-18DEUGermanyDEU03365.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Vaihinger.jpg?width=320
557Gaetano MoscaQ351527Italian political scientist and journalist (1858–1941)Philosopher1858-04-011941-11-08Kingdom of ItalyITA03364.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gaetano%20Mosca.gif?width=320
557Byung-Chul HanQ495875German philosopher of South Korean originPhilosopher1959KORSouth KoreaKOR03364.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2015%20Byung-Chul%20Han%20(cropped)2.jpg?width=320
557Constantin von TischendorfQ76743German theologian and biblical scholar (1815-1874)Philosopher1815-01-181874-12-07Kingdom of SaxonyDEU03364.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tischendorf%20um%201870.jpg?width=320
557André GorzQ84352Austrian born French philosopher and journalist (1923-2007)Philosopherdegrowth; environmentalism; green anarchism1923-02-092007-09-22France; AustriaAUT33364.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dorine%20et%20G%C3%A9rard%20Horst%2C%20alias%20Andr%C3%A9%20Gorz.jpg?width=320
557Jaakko HintikkaQ288756Finnish philosopher and logicianPhilosopheranalytic philosophy1929-01-122015-08-12FINFinlandFIN03363.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaakko%20Hintikka.jpg?width=320
557P. F. StrawsonQ311760British philosopher (1919–2006)Philosopher1919-11-232006-02-13GBRUnited KingdomGBR03363.27
557Carl VogtQ76513German-Swiss scientist and politician (1817–1895)Philosopherscientific materialism; freethought1817-07-051895-05-05CHESwitzerlandDEU03363.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vogt1.jpg?width=320
557Julien BendaQ155270French essayist and philosopher (1867-1956)Philosopher1867-12-261956-06-07FRAFranceFRA13362.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julien%20Benda.jpg?width=320
557Hossein NasrQ471041Iranian philosopher, theologian and Islamic scholar (born 1933)Philosopher1933-04-07IRNIranIRN03361.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hossein%20nasr.jpg?width=320
557Debendranath TagoreQ3020852Indian philosopher (1817–1905)PhilosopherBrahmo Samaj; Bengali Renaissance1817-05-151905-01-19British RajIND03359.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Devendranath%20Tagore%201925.jpg?width=320
557Mary Whiton CalkinsQ988129American philosopher and psychologist (1863–1930)Philosopher1863-03-301930-02-26USAUnited StatesUSA03357.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Whiton%20Calkins%20face%2C%20undated.jpg?width=320
557Albert RazinQ67207065Russian Federation ethnographer and Udmurt language activistPhilosopher1940-06-122019-09-10RUSRussiaRUS03356.76
557William Lane CraigQ1233528American Christian apologist and theologianPhilosopher1949-08-23USAUnited StatesUSA03356.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Lane%20Craig.jpg?width=320
557Roger de Rabutin, Comte de BussyQ733246French writer (1618–1693)Philosopher1618-04-131693-04-09FRAFranceFRA03356.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roger%20de%20Bussy-Rabutin%20en%20armure%20de%20lieutenant-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20du%20roi%20(bgw17%200152).jpg?width=320
557Leila AhmedQ438645Egyptian-American writer and professorPhilosopher1940-05-29United States; EgyptEGY03355.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leila%20Ahmed.jpg?width=320
557Cornel WestQ712469American philosopher, political activist and writer (born 1953)Philosopher1953-06-02USAUnited StatesUSA13352.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cornel%20West%20by%20DW%20Nance%205%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
588Hwang JiniQ464510Korean gisaeng, poet, dancer and philosopher (1506-1544)Philosopher15061544JoseonPRK03268.65
588Anne ConwayQ260404English philosopherPhilosopher1631-12-141679-02-18Kingdom of EnglandGBR03268.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Samuel%20van%20Hoogstraten%20-%20Perspective%20View%20with%20a%20Woman%20Reading%20a%20Letter%20-%2066%20-%20Mauritshuis.jpg?width=320
588Gershom ScholemQ138850German-Israeli philosopher (1897–1982)Philosopher1897-12-051982-02-21Germany; IsraelDEU53267.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gershom%20Scholem%201935%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
588Giulio Cesare VaniniQ553128Italian philosopherPhilosopherpantheism; scholasticism15851619-02-09ITA03267.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/6655%20-%20Roma%20-%20Ettore%20Ferrari%2C%20Giulio%20Cesare%20Vanini%20(1889)%20-%20Foto%20Giovanni%20Dall'Orto%2C%206-Apr-2008.jpg?width=320
588Phaedo of ElisQ3801904th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosophereretrian school-401-400GRC03267.17
588Nana Asma’uQ1964420Nigerian princess and poetPhilosopher17931864Sokoto CaliphateNGA03266.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nana%20Asma'u%20Calligraphy%2003.png?width=320
588Paul NatorpQ76504German philosopher and historian (1854–1924)PhilosopherMarburg School1854-01-141924-08-17Kingdom of Prussia; German ReichDEU03266.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Natorp.jpg?width=320
588DicaearchusQ3526214th-century BC Greek philosopher and geographerPhilosopherperipatetic school-345-285GRCClassical AthensITA13266.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dicearco%20di%20Messina.png?width=320
588HuiyuanQ1194206Chinese Buddhist monk (334–416)Philosopher03340416ChinaCHN13265.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hui%20Yuan.jpg?width=320
588Georg Henrik von WrightQ350183Finland Swedish philosopher, professor and member of the Academy of Finland (1916–2003)Philosopher1916-06-142003-06-16FINFinlandFIN03265.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GHvonWright.jpg?width=320
588Bion of BorysthenesQ359231ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherCynicism-325-246UKR03265.11
588Yang ZhuQ469931Chinese founder of Yangist philosophy (440–c.360 BC)Philosopher-369-318Wei03264.82
588Maximus PlanudesQ218672Byzantine anthologist, translatorPhilosopher12601305Byzantine EmpireTUR03264.31
588Stein RokkanQ319704Norwegian political scientistPhilosopher1921-07-041979-07-22NORNorwayNOR03263.89
588DharmakirtiQ457990Indian Buddhist philosopher (fl.c.600–670)Philosopher06000660IDN03263.61https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dharmakirti.gif?width=320
588Paul NizanQ723621French philosopher, politician, writer (1905-1940)Philosopher1905-02-071940-05-23FRAFranceFRA03263.61https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nizanpaul.jpg?width=320
588Charles Bernard RenouvierQ220856French philosopherPhilosopherfreethought; critical philosophy1815-01-011903-09-01FRAFranceFRA03263.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charles%20Renouvier.png?width=320
588Edvard WestermarckQ722835Finnish academic (1862–1939)Philosopher1862-11-201939-09-03FINFinlandFIN03263https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward%20westermarck.jpg?width=320
588Ferdinand Christian BaurQ60749German theologian (1792–1860)Philosopher1792-06-211860-12-02Kingdom of WürttembergDEU03262.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FerdinandChristianBaur.jpg?width=320
588Daisaku IkedaQ467395Japanese Buddhist leader (1928–2023)Philosopher1928-01-022023-11-15JPNJapanJPN03262.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DaisakuIkedaTokyoMay2010.jpg?width=320
588Vincenzo GiobertiQ378706Italian philosopher and politician (1801-1852)Philosopher1801-04-051852-10-26Kingdom of SardiniaITA03261.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ritratto%20di%20Vincenzo%20Gioberti%2C%20seconda%20met%C3%A0%20XVIII%20sec.%20-%20Accademia%20delle%20Scienze%20di%20Torino%20-%20Ritratti%200065%20B.jpg?width=320
588Derek ParfitQ962160British philosopher (1942–2017)Philosopher1942-12-112017-01-01GBRUnited KingdomCHN03259.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Derek%20Parfit%20at%20Harvard-April%2021%2C%202015-Effective%20Altruism%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
588Michael OakeshottQ959541British philosopher (1901-1990)Philosopher1901-12-111990-12-19GBRUnited KingdomGBR03258.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Oakeshott.jpg?width=320
588Henry St John, 1st Viscount BolingbrokeQ332470English politician and Viscount (1678-1751)Philosopher1678-09-161751-12-23Kingdom of Great Britain; Kingdom of EnglandGBR03258.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20St%20John%2C%201st%20Viscount%20Bolingbroke%20(1678-1751).jpg?width=320
612Gennadius ScholariusQ381211Patriarch of ConstantinoplePhilosopher14001473Ottoman Empire; Byzantine EmpireTUR03170.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gennadios%20II%20Sholarios.jpg?width=320
612YajnavalkyaQ1423663One of the Great Sages of Vedic IndiaPhilosopher-70003168.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yajnavalkya%20and%20Janaka.jpg?width=320
612ZhiyiQ197778Chinese Buddhist monk and founder of Tiantai tradition (538–597)Philosopher05380597ChinaCHN13167.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sramana%20Zhiyi.jpeg?width=320
612Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von FeuerbachQ61929German legal scholar (1775-1833)Philosopher1775-11-141833-05-29Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachDEU03167.14https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anselm%20von%20Feuerbach.jpg?width=320
612Hegesias of CyreneQ437876ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopher-400-300LBY03167.07
612AnaxarchusQ3660314th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherPre-Socratic philosophy; atomism-380-320GRC03165.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anaxarchus%20Abderites%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
612Ammonius HermiaeQ1231475th-century Greek philosopherPhilosopher04350517Byzantine EmpireEGY03165.51
612Karl Leonhard ReinholdQ112258Austrian philosopherPhilosopherGerman idealism1757-10-261823-04-10Austrian EmpireAUT03165.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Leonhard%20Reinhold.jpg?width=320
612Zhou DunyiQ197962Chinese cosmologist, philosopher and writer (1017–1073)Philosopher10171073Song dynasty; Northern Song dynastyCHN03165.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E6%8F%90%E5%88%91%E5%91%A8%E6%95%A6%E9%A2%90.jpg?width=320
612Karl KorschQ60208German politician (1886-1961)Philosophercontinental philosophy1886-08-151961-10-21DEUGermanyDEU13165.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Korsch-karl.jpg?width=320
612Alfred SchmidtQ215896German philosopher and social scientist (1931-2012)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1931-05-192012-08-28DEUGermanyDEU43164.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfredschmidt.jpg?width=320
612Peter the IberianQ928092Georgian saintPhilosopher04110491Kingdom of Iberia03164.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20the%20Iberian%2C%20Monastery%20of%20the%20Cross.jpg?width=320
612Friedrich Albert LangeQ61674German philosopher and sociologist (1828-1875)Philosopher1828-09-281875-11-21Kingdom of PrussiaDEU13164.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Albert%20Lange.jpg?width=320
612Antony FlewQ451451British analytic and evidentialist philosopher (1923-2010)Philosopher1923-02-112010-04-08GBRUnited KingdomGBR13164.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antony%20flew.jpg?width=320
612Paul VirilioQ507014French philosopher (1932–2018)Philosopher1932-01-042018-09-10FRAFranceFRA03163.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Virilio%20Groningen.JPG?width=320
612Hermann von KeyserlingQ60690Baltic German philosopher (1880–1946)Philosopher1880-07-201946-04-26DEUGermanyEST03163.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hermann%20Graf%20Keyserling%201919.%20Foto%20von%20Richard%20W%C3%B6rsching%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
612VallabhaQ2343604Hindu philosopher and founder of Pushtimarg, a Vaishnav Hindu sectPhilosopher14791531INDIndiaIND13163.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20Vallabhacharyudu.JPG?width=320
612Mary Parker FollettQ237173American academic (1868-1933)Philosopher1868-09-031933-12-18USAUnited StatesUSA03163.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Parker%20Follett.jpg?width=320
612Péter PázmányQ559828Hungarian Catholic cardinal, theologian and statesman (1570–1637)Philosopher1570-10-141637-03-19Kingdom of HungaryROU03163.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pazmany%20Peter%20ismeretlen%20mester%20alkotasan.JPG?width=320
612Henry MoreQ528802English philosopher (1614–1687)Philosopher1614-10-121687-09-01Kingdom of EnglandGBR03163.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Henry%20More%2C%20RP-P-OB-46.333.jpg?width=320
612Francesco AlgarottiQ439081Italian philosopher (1712-1764)Philosopher1712-12-111764-05-03Republic of VeniceITA03163.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-%C3%89tienne%20Liotard%20-%20Portret%20van%20Graaf%20Francesco%20Algarotti.jpg?width=320
612Svetozar MarkovićQ376036Serbian political activist, literary critic and philosopher (1846-1875)Philosopher1846-09-091875-02-26Principality of SerbiaSRB03163.02https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Svetozar%20Markovic.jpg?width=320
612Motoori NorinagaQ384647Japanese scholar and philosopher (1730–1801)Philosopher1730-06-211801-10-05JPNJapanJPN83162.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Motoori%20Norinaga%20self%20portrait.jpg?width=320
612Mykhailo DrahomanovQ1359722Ukrainian academic (1841–1895)Philosopher1841-09-181895-06-20Russian EmpireUKR03162.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mykhailo%20Petrovych%20Drahomanov%2C%201870s.jpg?width=320
612Kumārila BhaṭṭaQ774847Master alchemist who documented rasayana (mercurial processing) and metal purifications.Philosopher07000700IND13161.09
612JaiminiQ2758596ancient Indian rishi (sage)Philosopher-390IND03160.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaimini%20and%20the%20birds.jpg?width=320
612Vasilij Vasilʹevič RozanovQ719418Russian philosopher (1856-1919)Philosophercontinental philosophy1856-05-021919-02-05Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic; Russian EmpireRUS03160.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vasily%20Rozanov.jpg?width=320
612Perry AndersonQ456392British historian (born 1938)Philosopher1938-09-11GBRUnited KingdomGBR03159.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Perry%20Anderson%20at%20Fronteiras%20do%20Pensamento%20Porto%20Alegre.jpg?width=320
612Sarada DeviQ3278399spiritual consort of Ramakrishna (1853–1920)Philosopher1853-12-221920-07-20British RajIND03159.61https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Holy%20mother%20sarada.jpg?width=320
612R. M. HareQ471923British moral philosopher (1919–2002)Philosopher1919-03-122002-01-29GBRUnited KingdomGBR03158.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/R.%20M.%20Hare%20(c.%201988).png?width=320
612RambhadracharyaQ53619Hindu religious leaderPhilosopher1950-01-14INDIndiaIND13157.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jagadguru%20Rambhadracharya.jpg?width=320
612Josiah RoyceQ471260American philosopher (1855–1916)PhilosopherHegelianism1855-11-201916-09-14USAUnited StatesUSA03157.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Josiah%20Royce.jpeg?width=320
644CandrakīrtiQ456963Indian Mahayana scholar of the Madhyamaka schoolPhilosopher06000650INDIndiaIND03068.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Candrakirti.gif?width=320
644ArchelausQ3436075th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopher-500-430GRCClassical AthensGRC03068.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Achelaus%20Atheniensis%20-%20Illustrium%20philosophorum%20et%20sapientum%20effigies%20ab%20eorum%20numistatibus%20extractae.png?width=320
644Yi HwangQ486291Korean Confucian scholar (1502 -1571)Philosopher15011570JoseonKOR03067.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue%20of%20Yi%20Hwang.jpg?width=320
644GautamaQ1496313Vedic sagePhilosopher-2000-200003067.46
644Maine de BiranQ382582French philosopher (1766-1824)Philosopher1766-11-291824-07-20FRAFranceFRA13066.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie%20Francois%20Pierre%20Gonthier%20Maine%20de%20Biran.%20Photogravure%20Wellcome%20L0023084%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
644Michel de CerteauQ553887French Jesuit and scholar (1925–1986)Philosopher1925-05-171986-01-09FRAFranceFRA03066.75
644Johannes AlthusiusQ60389German–Dutch jurist and Calvinist political philosopher and father of modern federalism (1563-1638)Philosopher15571638-08-12Sayn-Wittgenstein-BerleburgDEU03066.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JohannesAlthusius.png?width=320
644Jean-Luc NancyQ503017French philosopher (1940–2021)Philosopherphenomenology1940-07-262021-08-23FRAFranceFRA03066.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Luc%20Nancy%2020100328%20Salon%20du%20livre%20de%20Paris%204.jpg?width=320
644Jean AméryQ15969Austrian-born essayist and Holocaust survivor (1912-1978)Philosopher1912-10-311978-10-17AUTAustriaAUT03065.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Am%C3%A9ry%20par%20F%C3%A9lix%20De%20Boeck%201951.jpg?width=320
644Karl LöwithQ75790German philosopher (1897-1973)Philosopher1897-01-091973-05-26DEUGermanyDEU13065.87
644Jan PatočkaQ381720Czech essayist and philosopher (1907-1977)Philosopherphenomenology1907-06-011977-03-13CzechoslovakiaCZE03065.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Patocka%201971.jpg?width=320
644Albertus de SaxoniaQ61044German theologian and philosopher (c.1320-1390)Philosopher13161390-07-16DEU03065.47
644BardaisanQ354342Syrian gnostic, scientist, philosopher and poet (154-222)Philosopher0154-07-100222TUR03065.1
644Karl Christian Friedrich KrauseQ213585German philosopherPhilosopher1781-05-061832-09-27Duchy of Saxe-AltenburgDEU03064.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Christian%20Friedrich%20Krause%20-%20Litographie%20von%20Dragendorff.png?width=320
644Jean HyppoliteQ540407French philosopher (1907–1968)PhilosopherPostmodernism1907-01-081968-10-26FRAFranceFRA03064.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jeanhyppolitejonzac.jpg?width=320
644Pietro d'AbanoQ313174Italian physician, philosopher and philologist (ca 1257-1316)PhilosopherSchool of Padua12501316Republic of VeniceITA23064.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pietro%20d'Abano.jpg?width=320
644Metrodorus of LampsacusQ7802593rd-century BC Greek Epicurean philosopherPhilosopherEpicureanism-331-278TUR03064.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Metrodorus%20Louvre.jpg?width=320
644Roman IngardenQ355355Polish philosopher (1893–1970)Philosopher1893-02-051970-06-14POLPolandPOL03064.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Witkacy%20Roman%20Ingarden%201937.jpg?width=320
644Étienne BalibarQ289333French philosopherPhilosopherMarxism1942-04-23FRAFranceFRA13064.24https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etienne%20Balibar%20in%20Berkeley%20-2014.jpg?width=320
644Anton Wilhelm AmoQ595486Ghanaian-German philosopherPhilosopher17031759Gold CoastGHA03063.91
644Ernst NolteQ65108German historian and philosopher (1923–2016)Philosopher1923-01-112016-08-18DEUGermanyDEU13063.77
644Johann Bernhard BasedowQ60247German philosopher (1724–1790)Philosopher1724-09-111790-07-25DEUHamburgDEU03063.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PPN663960185%20I.%20B.%20Basedow%20(1740).jpg?width=320
644Mechthild of MagdeburgQ269687German mysticPhilosopher12071282DEUGermany03063.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Merazhofen%20Pfarrkirche%20Chorgest%C3%BChl%20links%20Mechthild.jpg?width=320
644Eduard ZellerQ61862German philosopher and theologian (1814-1908)Philosopher1814-01-221908-03-19Kingdom of Württemberg03062.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eduard%20Zeller%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
644Émile BoutrouxQ274969French philosopher and historian (1845–1921)Philosopher1845-07-281921-11-22FRAFranceFRA03062.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Boutroux.jpg?width=320
644Joseph DietzgenQ60972German philosopher (1828-1888)Philosopher1828-12-091888-04-15Kingdom of PrussiaDEU03062.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Josef%20Dietzgen%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
644Nisargadatta MaharajQ175532Indian guru (1897-1981)Philosopher1897-04-171981-09-08INDIndiaIND03062.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nisargadatta%20Maharaj.jpg?width=320
644Ludovico Antonio MuratoriQ471529Italian priest, writer, librarian, historian and diplomatPhilosopher1672-10-211750-01-23ITA03061.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludovico%20Antonio%20Muratori.png?width=320
644Konstantin LeontievQ542090Russian philosopher (1831-1891)Philosopher1831-01-251891-11-24Russian EmpireRUS03061.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leont'ev.jpg?width=320
644Alexander ZinovievQ449538Russian philosopher and writer (1922–2006)Philosophercontinental philosophy1922-10-292006-05-10RUSRussiaRUS03060.57
644Patricia ChurchlandQ242616Canadian philosopherPhilosophereliminative materialism; humanism; Western philosophy1943-07-16United States; CanadaCAN03059.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Patricia%20Churchland%2C%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
644David LewisQ384522American philosopher (1941–2001)Philosopheratheism1941-09-282001-10-14USAUnited StatesUSA03059.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Lewis%20(1962)%20(cropped).webp?width=320
644Samuel AlexanderQ379900Australian-born British philosopher (1859-1938)Philosopher1859-01-061938-09-13United Kingdom; AustraliaAUS03059.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SamuelAlexander.gif?width=320
644Olavo de CarvalhoQ729048Brazilian journalist, writer, astrologer, essayist, polemicist, digital influencer and ideologue (1947-2022)Philosopher1947-04-292022-01-24BRABrazilBRA33059.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Olavo%20de%20Carvalho%20em%202019%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
644Ram DassQ290536American spiritual teacher, author and psychologistPhilosopher1931-04-062019-12-22USAUnited StatesUSA03058.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ram%20Dass.jpg?width=320
644Achille MbembeQ340234Cameroonian philosopher and political scientist (born 1957)Philosopherpostcolonialism1957-07-27CMRCameroonCMR23058.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Achille%20Mbembe%202.JPG?width=320
644George Henry LewesQ1275943British philosopher (1817-1878)Philosopher1817-04-181878-11-30United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR03053.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PSM%20V09%20D668%20George%20Henry%20Lewes.jpg?width=320
644Mary MidgleyQ2898525British philosopher and ethicist (1919–2018)Philosopher1919-09-132018-10-10GBRUnited KingdomGBR03053.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mary%20Midgley.JPG?width=320
682Günther AndersQ60884German-Austrian philosopher (1902–1992)Philosopher1902-07-121992-12-17Austria; Germany; United StatesPOL02969.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/G%C3%BCnther%20Stern%20and%20Hannah%20Arendt%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
682Siger of BrabantQ355903Belgian philosopher, c. 1240–1284Philosopher12351284-11-17Holy Roman EmpireBEL142968.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Siger%20de%20Brabant.jpg?width=320
682Theodoros the AtheistQ381765ancient Greek philosopher (ca. 340–250 BCE)PhilosopherCyrenaics-340-250Ptolemaic KingdomLBY02967.02
682Marpa Chokyi LodroQ379577Tibetan Buddhist teacherPhilosopher10121097CHN02965.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marpa%20painting%20Holy%20isle.jpg?width=320
682GersonidesQ353633medieval Jewish philosopherPhilosopher12881344-04-20Crown of Aragon; Principality of OrangeFRA02965.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Levi%20ben%20Gerson.jpg?width=320
682Johannes BugenhagenQ77260German theologian (1485-1558)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance1485-07-031558-04-30DEUGermanyPOL02964.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lucas%20Cranach%20(I)%20-%20Johannes%20Bugenhagen.jpg?width=320
682Arthur Coleman DantoQ365129American art critic and philosopher (1924–2013)Philosopher1924-01-012013-10-25USAUnited StatesUSA02964.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arthur%20Danto%2C%202012.jpg?width=320
682Alexander of HalesQ457968English Franciscan theologian and philosopher (c.1185-1245)Philosopher11851245-08-28Kingdom of EnglandGBR32964.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexanderofhales.png?width=320
682Fulbert of ChartresQ529302French Christian bishop, (960-1028 CE)Philosopher09601028-04-16Kingdom of FranceFRA42963.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fulbert%20de%20Chartres.jpg?width=320
682Kuno FischerQ61255German philosopher (1824–1907)Philosopher1824-07-231907-07-05Kingdom of PrussiaPOL02963.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst%20Kuno%20Berthold%20Fischer%20(HeidICON%203746)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
682Alexius MeinongQ78600Austrian philosopher (1853–1920)Philosopher1853-07-171920-11-27AUTAustriaUKR02962.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexius%20Meinong%201900.jpg?width=320
682Denis de RougemontQ123698Swiss writer (1906-1985)Philosopher1906-09-081985-12-06CHESwitzerlandCHE02962.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis%20de%20Rougemont%20by%20Erling%20Mandelmann.jpg?width=320
682ṚṣabhanāthaQ9429Founder of Jainism and first TirthankaraPhilosopherIND02961.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20of%20lord%20adinath%20bhagwan%20at%20kundalpur.JPG?width=320
682Franz Xaver von BaaderQ76512German philosopher and theologian (1765-1841)Philosopher1765-03-271841-05-23Kingdom of BavariaDEU02961.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franz%20Xaver%20von%20Baader.jpg?width=320
682Ian HackingQ188357Canadian philosopher (1936–2023)Philosopherhistorical epistemology1936-02-182023-05-10CANCanadaCAN02960.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ian%20Hacking%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
682Necip Fazıl KısakürekQ469840Turkish novelist, playwright, and Islamist conspiracy theorist (1904–1983)Philosopher1904-05-261983-05-25TURTurkeyTUR02960.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Necip%20Faz%C4%B1l%20K%C4%B1sak%C3%BCrek%202014-05-04%2010-06%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
682J. M. E. McTaggartQ463553British philosopher (1866-1925)PhilosopherBritish idealism1866-09-031925-01-18United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR12959.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JME%20McTaggart.jpg?width=320
682Azmi BisharaQ313589Palestinian intellectual, academic, politician, and writer; founder of the Balad PartyPhilosopher1956-07-22ISRIsraelISR02959.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Azmi%20Bishara%20(00370528).jpg?width=320
682J. L. MackieQ713642Australian philosopher (1917-1981)Philosopheratheism1917-08-251981-12-12AUSAustraliaAUS02957.76
682Nick LandQ7027450British philosopherPhilosopheraccelerationism; neo-reactionary movement1962-03-14GBRUnited KingdomGBR22955.62
682Patricia Hill CollinsQ465252African-American scholarPhilosopherblack feminism; feminist sociology1948-05-01USAUnited StatesUSA142955.24https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PatriciaHillCollins.jpg?width=320
682Sara DaniusQ4944209Swedish academicPhilosopher1962-04-052019-10-12SWESwedenSWE02953.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sara%20Danius%20-%202016%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
704BharadwajaQ690753one of the revered Vedic sages (maharishi) in Ancient India, who was a renowned scholar, economist and an eminent physicianPhilosopher-2000-200002867.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bharadwaja.jpg?width=320
704Gargi VachaknaviQ2731767ancient Indian philosopherPhilosopher-70002867.74
704Jyotirao PhuleQ314394Indian social reformer (1827-1890)Philosopher1827-04-111890-11-28British RajIND02867.24https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mphule.jpg?width=320
704EubulidesQ4610074th-century BCE Greek philosopherPhilosopherMegarian school-500-400TUR02866.97https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vaticano%202011%20(88)%20Eubulides.JPG?width=320
704Zhang DaolingQ197172legendary Han dynasty Chinese Taoist leader, grandfather of Zhang LuPhilosopher00340156Eastern HanCHN02866.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhang%20Daoling.jpg?width=320
704Axel HonnethQ60735German philosopherPhilosopher1949-07-18DEUGermanyDEU02866.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Axel%20Honneth%20al%20Magn%C3%A0nim%20(33996599194)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
704Vittorino da FeltreQ725843Italian Renaissance-Humanist and teacherPhilosopher13781446-02-11ITA02865.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giusto%20di%20gand%20e%20pedro%20berruguete%2C%20vittorino%20da%20feltre.jpg?width=320
704Karl-Otto ApelQ58853German philosopher (1922–2017)Philosopher1922-03-152017-05-15DEUGermanyDEU12865.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Koapel.jpg?width=320
704Salomon MaimonQ465763Lithuanian Jewish philosopher (1753–1800)Philosopher17541800-11-22Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Russian EmpireBLR02865.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Salomon%20Maimon%20portrait%20(cropped).png?width=320
704ClitomachusQ4669512nd-century BC Greek academic skeptic philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-187-110GRCClassical AthensTUN02865.41
704Nikos PoulantzasQ505296Greek-French philosopherPhilosophercontinental philosophy; Western Marxism1936-09-211979-10-03Greece; FranceGRC02864.93
704Vilém FlusserQ215623Czech philosopher and photographerPhilosopher1920-05-121991-11-27BRABrazilCZE02864.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vilem%20Flusser%201940.jpg?width=320
704ZoilusQ218451Greek grammarian, philosopher and literary critic (c.400–320 BC)PhilosopherCynicism-400-320GRC02864.73https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zoilus%20zit%20bij%20een%20gedekte%20tafel%20De%20Gustibus%20non%20est%20disputandum%20(titel%20op%20object)%2C%20RP-P-1882-A-6040.jpg?width=320
704Hermann Samuel ReimarusQ706888German philosopherPhilosopher1694-12-221768-03-01Holy Roman EmpireDEU02864.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hermann%20Samuel%20Reimarus.jpg?width=320
704Conrad CeltesQ60625German Renaissance humanist scholar and poet (1459-1508)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance1459-02-101508-02-14DEUGermanyDEU12864.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conrad%20celtes.jpg?width=320
704Eduard SprangerQ61151German psychologist (1882-1963)Philosopher1882-06-171963-09-17DEUGermanyDEU02864.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spranger.jpg?width=320
704Maurice BlondelQ364310French philosopher (1861-1949)Philosopher1861-11-021949-06-04FRAFranceFRA12864.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maurice%20Blondel.jpg?width=320
704Ariston of ChiosQ646951ancient Greek stoic philosopherPhilosopherstoicism-300-300GRC02864.22
704Stephen ToulminQ472676English philosopher (1922–2009)Philosopher1922-03-252009-12-04GBRUnited KingdomGBR02863.07
704AedesiaQ2382393philosopher (0410-0480)PhilosopherNeoplatonism05000500Byzantine Empire02863.06
704Numenius of ApameaQ7073442nd century Greco-Roman philosopherPhilosopherneopythagoreanism02000200Ancient RomeSYR02862.99
704Sarah KofmanQ448427philosopher from FrancePhilosopher1934-09-141994-10-15FRAFranceFRA02862.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sarah%20Kofman.jpg?width=320
704Wang FuzhiQ714374Chinese essayist, historian and philosopher (1619–1692)Philosopher16191692Qing dynasty; Ming dynastyCHN12862.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wang%20Fuzhi.jpg?width=320
704John ArgyropoulosQ26648Greek lecturer, philosopher and humanistPhilosopher14151487-07-05Byzantine EmpireTUR02862.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Argyropoulos%20(1866).jpg?width=320
704Wolfhart PannenbergQ61374German theologian (1928–2014)Philosopher1928-10-022014-09-04DEUGermanyPOL02862.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv%20B%20145%20Bild-F065001-0017%2C%20Bonn%2C%20CDU-Friedenskongress%2C%20Pannenberg.jpg?width=320
704Ferdinand Canning Scott SchillerQ819293German-born British philosopherPhilosopher1864-08-161937-08-06GBRUnited KingdomDEU02862.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/F.%20C.%20S.%20Schiller%2C%201935.jpg?width=320
704AlcidamasQ4444594th century BC Greek sophist and rhetoricianPhilosopher-450-350TUR12862.32
704Kazimierz TwardowskiQ381994Polish philosopher, psychologist and logician (1866–1938)Philosopher1866-10-201938-02-11Austria–Hungary; Second Polish RepublicAUT02862.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kazimierz%20Twardowski%201933.jpg?width=320
704Jean-Luc MarionQ460824French philosopher (born 1946)Philosopherphenomenology1946-07-03FRAFranceFRA02861.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Luc%20Marion.png?width=320
704Muhammad Husayn TabatabaeiQ737448Iranian Shia cleric, philosopher, jurist and mysticPhilosopher18921981-11-15IRNIranIRN32861.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad%20Husayn%20Tabataba'i%20-%201940s.jpg?width=320
704Friedrich Adolf TrendelenburgQ61280German philosopher, philologist, Prussian university professor (1802-1872)Philosopher1802-11-301872-01-24Grand Duchy of OldenburgDEU02861.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Trendelenburg.jpg?width=320
704Vladimir JankélévitchQ728489French philosopher (1903–1985)Philosopher1903-08-311985-06-06FRAFranceFRA02861.7
704Florian ZnanieckiQ599197Polish sociologist (1882–1958)Philosopher1882-01-151958-03-23POLPolandPOL02861.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Florian%20Znaniecki%201.jpg?width=320
704François BernierQ375438French physician and travellerPhilosopher1620-09-251688-09-22Kingdom of France02861.06
704Ernest NagelQ553870American philosopher (1901-1985)Philosopher1901-11-161985-09-20USAUnited StatesSVK02860.49
704Arai HakusekiQ467616Japanese scholar and official (1657–1725)Philosopher1657-03-241725-06-29JPNJapanJPN72860.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arai%20Hakuseki%20-%20Japanischer%20Gelehrter.jpg?width=320
704Feng YoulanQ557220Chinese philosopher and historian (1895–1990)Philosopher1895-12-041990-11-26CHNPeople's Republic of ChinaCHN12860.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Feng%20Youlan.jpg?width=320
704Peter Lamborn WilsonQ551377American political writer, poet, and essayist (1945–2022)Philosopher1945-10-202022-05-22USAUnited StatesUSA22859.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pirate%20Utopias%2C%20autographed.jpg?width=320
704Jaime BalmesQ2439397Spanish philosopher (1810–1848)Philosopher1810-08-281848-07-09ESPSpainESP02858.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaime%20Balmes%20(Real%20Academia%20de%20la%20Historia)%2C%20cropped.jpg?width=320
704Richard SwinburneQ712709British philosopher of religionPhilosopher1934-12-26GBRUnited KingdomGBR02858.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Swinburne.jpeg?width=320
704Anna KingsfordQ466175English physician and social reformer (1846–1888)Philosopher1846-09-161888-02-22United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR12858.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anna%20Kingsford%203.jpg?width=320
704Samuel ClarkeQ381073English philosopher and clergyman (*1675 – †1729)Philosopher1675-10-111729-05-17Kingdom of Great BritainGBR02858.53https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rev%20Samuel%20Clarke.jpg?width=320
704Stanisław StaszicQ708435Polish philosopher and writer (1755–1826)Philosopher1755-11-061826-01-20Congress Poland; Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPOL02858.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Staszic.PNG?width=320
704Boris ParyginQ116789Russian academic (1930–2012)Philosopher1930-06-192012-04-09RUSRussiaRUS32857.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Parygin%20Boris%20D.%202010.JPG?width=320
704John Scott HaldaneQ559029British physiologist (1860–1936)Philosopher1860-05-031936-03-15GBRUnited KingdomGBR02856.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Scott%20Haldane%201910.jpg?width=320
704Dugald StewartQ218254Scottish philosopher and mathematicianPhilosopher1753-11-221828-06-11GBR02856.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20Raeburn%20(1756-1823)%20-%20Professor%20Dugald%20Stewart%20(1753%E2%80%931828)%2C%20Philosopher%20-%20PG%20821%20-%20National%20Galleries%20of%20Scotland.jpg?width=320
704Allan BloomQ948966American philosopher, classicist, and academician (1930–1992)Philosopher1930-09-141992-10-07USAUnited StatesUSA12856.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/19.%20Internationales%20Management-Gespr%C3%A4ch-Allan%20Bloom-HSGN%20028-00796.jpg?width=320
704Richard PriceQ561101British philosopher, preacher and mathematician (1723–1791)Philosopher1723-02-231791-04-19GBRWalesGBR02854.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr%20Richard%20Price%2C%20DD%2C%20FRS%20-%20Benjamin%20West.jpg?width=320
704Volker ZotzQ84207Austrian religious studies scholarPhilosopher1956-10-28AUTAustriaDEU02854.73
704Richard CrashawQ553900English poet and cleric (c.1613 – 1649)Philosopher16121649-08-21Kingdom of EnglandGBR02850.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Crashaw.jpg?width=320
754Guan ZhongQ457972Chinese chancellor and reformer (c. 720–645 BC)Philosopher-720-645CHN02768.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qihuangongguanzhong.jpg?width=320
754Linji YixuanQ326950Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (?–866)Philosopher08500866Tang dynastyCHN12767.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RinzaiGigen.jpg?width=320
754PolemonQ553856Greek philosopher and scholarch (died 270/269 BC)PhilosopherPlatonism-400-270GRCClassical AthensGRC02765.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuremberg%20chronicles%20-%20f%20081r%202.png?width=320
754CrantorQ4347733rd-century BC Greek philosopher and scholarchPhilosopherPlatonism-344-275TUR02765.35
754Agrippa the SkepticQ365115Skeptic philosopherPhilosopher0100010002764.97
754Zeno of SidonQ189759Epicurean philosopher from the Phoenician city of Sidon (150-c. 75 BCE)PhilosopherEpicureanism-150-70LBN02764.89
754Georges CanguilhemQ433741French philosopher (1904-1995)Philosopherhistorical epistemology1904-06-041995-09-11FRAFranceFRA02764.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georges%20Canguilhem.jpg?width=320
754Hans BlumenbergQ61189German philosopher (1920–1996)Philosopher1920-07-131996-03-28DEUGermanyDEU02764.77
754Henry CorbinQ467015French philosopher and and scholar of Islam (1903–1978)Philosopher1903-04-141978-10-07FRAFranceFRA12764.66
754Crates of MallusQ503075ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherstoicism-200-145TUR02764.56
754Aeschines of SphettusQ4096474th century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopher-430-360GRCClassical AthensGRC02764.46
754DignāgaQ558272Indian Buddhist philosopher and logician (c.480–c.540)Philosopher04800540IND02764.39
754Yang XiongQ553520Chinese linguist, poet and writer (53 BCE – 18 CE)Philosopher-530018Western Han; Xin dynastyCHN32764https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yang%20Xiong.jpg?width=320
754GorakhnathQ983584author of many Hatha Yoga texts, founder of Nath Yogi monasteries within HinduismPhilosopherHatha yoga; Hinduism1100120002763.78https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorakshanath.jpg?width=320
754Ian StevensonQ731300Canadian parapsychologist, reincarnation researcher (1918–2007)Philosopher1918-10-312007-02-08CANCanadaCAN02763.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ian%20Stevenson%20(Postgraduate%20Medicine%2C%201952).jpg?width=320
754Bernard of ChartresQ826272medieval philosopher and theologian(?-after 1126)Philosopher10801126Kingdom of France02763.54
754Hakuin EkakuQ177059Japanese Zen Buddhist master (1686-1769)Philosopher1685-01-191769-01-18JPNJapanJPN12763.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zen-Master-Hakuin-Ekaku-Self-Portrait-1767.png?width=320
754Arnold GeulincxQ316559Flemish Cartesian philosopherPhilosopher1624-01-311669-11Southern NetherlandsBEL02762.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnold%20Geulincx.gif?width=320
754Ludwig KlagesQ60698German psychologist and philosopher (1872–1956)Philosophervitalism1872-12-101956-07-29DEUGermanyDEU02762.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Klages3.jpg?width=320
754Robert FilmerQ707787English political theorist (1588–1653)Philosopher15881653-05-26Kingdom of EnglandGBR12762.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Filmer%20Portrait.jpg?width=320
754Narayana GuruQ1260858Indian spiritual leader and social reformer (1856–1928)Philosopher18561928-09-20IND02761.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Narayana%20Guru.jpg?width=320
754Benito Jerónimo FeijooQ379753Spanish monk and scholarPhilosopherSpanish Enlightenment; Age of Enlightenment1677-10-081764-09-26ESPSpainESP22761.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Retrato%20p%C3%B3stumo%20del%20padre%20Benito%20Jer%C3%B3nimo%20Feijoo%20(Mariano%20Salvador%20Maella).jpg?width=320
754VolinQ715195Russian anarchist (1882–1945)Philosopher1882-08-111945-09-18FRAFranceRUS12761.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photographic%20Portrait%20of%20%22Voline%22%20(Vsevolod%20Mikhailivich%20Eichenbaum).png?width=320
754David AnhaghtQ1173486Armenian philosopher/5th centuryPhilosopher0600060002761.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/David%20Anhaght2.jpg?width=320
754James Mark BaldwinQ553132American philosopher and psychologist (1861–1934)Philosopheridealism1861-01-121934-11-08France; United StatesUSA02760.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Mark%20Baldwin%201917.jpg?width=320
754Hugo KołłątajQ127345historian and philosopher (1750-1812)Philosopher1750-04-011812-02-28Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthUKR02760.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Huga%20Ka%C5%82antaj.%20%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%20(1801-15).jpg?width=320
754Paul de ManQ353754Belgian literary theorist (1919–1983)Philosopherdeconstruction1919-12-061983-12-21Belgium; United StatesBEL02760.52
754Tan SitongQ1191225Chinese philosopher (1865-1898)Philosopher1865-03-101898-09-28Qing dynastyCHN02760.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tansitong.jpg?width=320
754Martin LingsQ957553English writer and scholar (1909-2005)Philosopher1909-01-242005-05-12GBRUnited KingdomGBR02759.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin%20LIngs%20-%20W.jpg?width=320
754Nikolay LosskyQ380256Russian philosopher (1870–1965)Philosopher1870-12-061965-01-24Soviet Union; Russian EmpireLVA02759.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1900%20nikolai%20onufrijewitsch%20losski.jpg?width=320
754Élisabeth BadinterQ274309French author, historian, and professorPhilosopher1944-03-05FRAFranceFRA12759.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elisabeth%20Badinter%20lors%20de%20l'inauguration%20du%20lyc%C3%A9e%20international%20Robert-Badinter%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
754Sandra HardingQ469565American philosopher of feminist theory, postcolonial theory, and epistemologyPhilosopherWestern philosophy1935-03-292025-03-05USAUnited StatesUSA02759.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sandra%20G%20Harding.tif?width=320
754RamanandaQ2672093Founder of Bairagi Sect, Vaishnav-Hindu Saint, Social ReformerPhilosopher14001470IND02759.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamp%20of%20India%20-%202002%20-%20Colnect%20158243%20-%20Swami%20Ramanand.jpeg?width=320
754Wendy BrownQ183265American political theoristPhilosopher1955-11-28USAUnited States02759.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wendy%20Brown%202016%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
754Rémi BragueQ664619French philosopherPhilosopher1947-09-08FRAFranceFRA12758.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paris%20-%20R%C3%A9mi%20Brague%20-%201.jpg?width=320
754Harald HøffdingQ703531Danish philosopher and theologian (1843–1931)Philosopher1843-03-111931-07-02Kingdom of DenmarkDNK02757.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harald%20H%C3%B8ffding.jpg?width=320
754Antoinette Brown BlackwellQ549506American minister (1825–1921)Philosopher1825-05-201921-11-05USAUnited StatesUSA12756.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antoinette%20Louisa%20Brown%20Blackwell.jpg?width=320
754Richard PosnerQ533583United States federal judge (1939-2026)Philosopher1939-01-112026-11-10USAUnited StatesUSA02754.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20Posner%20at%20Harvard%20University.jpg?width=320
754David BenatarQ1173705South African philosopher (born 1966)Philosopher1966-12-08ZAFSouth AfricaZAF02753.38
754Judith Jarvis ThomsonQ3120860American philosopher (1929-2020)Philosopher1929-10-042020-11-20USAUnited StatesUSA02753.25
754Gary L. FrancioneQ458591American legal scholarPhilosopherabolitionism1954-05-24USAUnited StatesUSA02752.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gary%20Francione.jpg?width=320
754Will KymlickaQ523005Canadian philosopherPhilosopher1962CANCanadaCAN02751.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Will%20kymlicka.JPG?width=320
796Ibn al-RawandiQ1399609scholar, theologian and philosopherPhilosopheratheist08270860Abbasid CaliphateAFG02667
796ZengziQ1207671Chinese philosopher and disciple of Confucius (505–435 BC)Philosopher-504-435Lu02666.68https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Zeng%20Shen%20Ziyu%20(%E6%9B%BE%E5%8F%83%20%E5%AD%90%E8%BC%BF).jpg?width=320
796Giles of RomeQ380647Roman Catholic archbishopPhilosopher12431316-12-30FRAFranceITA162665.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IRHT%20063616-p.jpg?width=320
796Arete of CyreneQ2622254th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopherCyrenaics-400-340LBY02665.25
796Al-ShahrastaniQ1050887Persian historian of religions and Islamic scholar (1086–1153)Philosopher10861153Abbasid CaliphateTKM22665.13
796Gerald CohenQ553987Canadian political philosopher, founder of analytical Marxism (1941–2009)Philosopher1941-04-142009-08-05CANCanadaCAN02664.8
796SyrianusQ13730375th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopher04000437Byzantine EmpireEGY02664.23
796Andreas KarlstadtQ60589German theologian (1480 ca-1541)Philosopherspiritualism14861541-12-24Prince-Bishopric of WürzburgDEU02664.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UB%20Basel%20Portr%20Falk%20176.jpg?width=320
796Pierre HadotQ972152French historian and philosopher (1922–2010)Philosopher1922-02-212010-04-25FRAFranceFRA02664.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PierreHadot.jpg?width=320
796Gongsun LongQ1362266Chinese philosopher of the 3rd century BCE of the School of NamesPhilosopher-325-25012663.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gongsun-Long-portrait-artist-Taipei-Taiwan-National.png?width=320
796Li ZhiQ698177Chinese philosopher (1527–1602)Philosopher1527-12-031602-05-06Ming dynastyCHN02662.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Li%20Zhi.jpg?width=320
796Theodor LippsQ61970German philosopher (1851-1914)Philosopher1851-07-281914-10-17German ReichDEU02662.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TLipps.jpg?width=320
796Vazgen IQ739349Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church (1908–1994)Philosopher1908-10-031994-08-18Armenia; RomaniaROU02661.62https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vazgen%20I%20Catholicos%20portrait.png?width=320
796Eberhard August Wilhelm von ZimmermannQ213607German scientist and zoologistPhilosopher1743-08-171815-07-04Kingdom of HanoverDEU02661.17
796Hans AlbertQ62309German philosopher (1921–2023)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1921-02-082023-10-24DEUGermanyDEU02661.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hans%20Albert%202005.jpg?width=320
796Yuriy DrohobychQ1372399Ukrainian astrologist, surgeon and philosopher (1450-1494)Philosopher14501494-02-13Kingdom of PolandUKR02660.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stamp%20of%20Ukraine%20s343.jpg?width=320
796Frederick CoplestonQ981839English Jesuit priest and philosopher (1907–1994)Philosopher1907-04-091994-02-03GBRUnited KingdomGBR12660.72https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Frederick%20Copleston%20(1907-1994).jpg?width=320
796Dietrich von HildebrandQ14678German Catholic philosopher and theologian (1889–1977)Philosopher1889-10-121977-01-26DEUGermanyITA02660.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dietrich%20von%20Hildebrand%20(1889%E2%80%931977)%20%C2%A9%20Max%20Fenichel%20(1885%E2%80%931942)%20OeNB%209802368.png?width=320
796Louis LavelleQ467668French academic (1883–1951)Philosopher1883-07-151951-09-01FRAFranceFRA02660.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Louislavelle.jpg?width=320
796Liu YuxiQ706837Chinese writer and philosopher (772-842)Philosopher07720842Tang dynastyCHN02660.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riu%20Yu%20hsi.jpg?width=320
796Georges FlorovskyQ714187Russian Christian theologian and historian (1893–1979)Philosopher1893-09-091979-08-11United States; FranceUKR02660.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.jpg?width=320
796Guillaume FayeQ1341731French political activist and essayist (1949-2019)PhilosopherNouvelle Droite1949-11-072019-03-06FRAFranceFRA12659.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guillaume%20Faye%20par%20Claude%20Truong-Ngoc%20f%C3%A9vrier%202015.jpg?width=320
796Ivan AksakovQ467630Russian writer and slavophile (1823-1886)Philosopher1823-10-081886-02-08Russian EmpireRUS02658.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.jpg?width=320
796Abdolkarim SoroushQ308269Iranian writer and philosopherPhilosopher1945-12-16IRNIranIRN22658.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abdolkarim%20Soroush%2002.jpg?width=320
796Alfonso ReyesQ462721Mexican writer, philosopher and diplomat (1889-1959)Philosopher1889-05-171959-12-27MEXMexicoMEX02657.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfonsoreyes1924.jpg?width=320
796Clémence RoyerQ2368918French philosopher and scholar (1830–1902)Philosopherfreethought1830-04-211902-02-06FRAFranceFRA02656.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clemence%20Royer%201865%20Nadar.jpg?width=320
796Wilhelm GeseniusQ61525German orientalist and theologian (1786–1842)Philosopher1786-02-031842-10-23Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02656.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gesenius%20Wilhelm.jpg?width=320
796Michał HellerQ565279Polish philosopher, theologian, theoretical physicist and Roman Catholic priestPhilosopher1936-03-12POLPolandPOL02656.52https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michal%20Heller%20by%20Adam%20Walanus%20(49).jpg?width=320
796Hendrik AdamsonQ3735234Estonian poet, writer, Esperantist and pedagogue (1891-1946)Philosopher1891-10-061946-03-07ESTEstoniaEST02654.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hendrik%20Adamson.jpg?width=320
796Yuval SteinitzQ1362317Israeli politician (born 1958)Philosopher1958-04-10ISRIsraelISR02653.12https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%20%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A5.jpg?width=320
826Ploutarchos of AthensQ537304Greek neoplatonic philosopher (c. 350 – 430 AD)Philosopher03500432Byzantine EmpireGRC02568.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait%20of%20philosopher%2C%20early%205th%20c%20AD%2C%20224977.jpg?width=320
826ZisiQ1147803Chinese philosopher, grandson of Confucius (c. 481–402 BCE)Philosopher-483-402Lu02566.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Kong%20Ji%20Zisi%20(%E5%AD%94%E4%BC%8B%20%E5%AD%90%E6%80%9D).jpg?width=320
826Charles W. MorrisQ357041American philosopher (1903-1979)Philosopher1901-05-231979-01-15USAUnited StatesUSA02565.55
826Étienne-Gabriel MorellyQ289139French philosopher (1717–1778)Philosopher17171778FRAFranceFRA02564.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel%20Morelly.png?width=320
826Werner JaegerQ61882German-American classical philologist (1888-1961)Philosopher1888-07-301961-10-19United States; GermanyDEU02564.79https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liebermann%20Werner%20Jaeger.jpg?width=320
826Emerich de VattelQ122386jurist from the Principality of NeuchâtelPhilosopher1714-04-251767-12-28Principality of NeuchâtelCHE02564.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emer%20de%20Vattel%201714-1767.jpg?width=320
826Diogenes of BabylonQ434203ancient Greek philosopher of the Stoic schoolPhilosopherstoicism-240-150IRQ02564.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diogenes%20Babylonicus.jpg?width=320
826Yan HuiQ1155960Chinese philosopher (c. 521–481 BC)Philosopher-521-481Lu02564.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Half%20Portraits%20of%20the%20Great%20Sage%20and%20Virtuous%20Men%20of%20Old%20-%20Yan%20Hui%20Ziyuan%20(%E9%A1%8F%E5%9B%9E%20%E5%AD%90%E6%B7%B5).jpg?width=320
826Olympiodorus the YoungerQ974775Neoplatonist philosopher (c.495–570)Philosopher04950570Byzantine EmpireEGY02564.18
826Zacharias RhetorQ1395675th–6th century Bishop of MytilenePhilosopher04650553Byzantine Empire12564.14
826HemachandraQ272346312th-century Jain scholar, grammarian, poet, writer, and mathematicianPhilosopher10881172IND42564https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hemachandra.gif?width=320
826Amalric of BenaQ453365French theologianPhilosopher11501206FRAFranceFRA02563.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amalric%20of%20Bena%20(Clean).jpg?width=320
826Maximus of TyreQ4566492nd century Greek rhetorician and philosopherPhilosopherMiddle Platonism02000200LBN02563.54
826PantaenusQ461067Greek Christian theologian (died c.200)Philosopherstoicism02000216ITA02563.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Burghers-Pantaenus.jpg?width=320
826Diodorus CronusQ715478Greek philosopher and dialectician (died c. 284 BC)Philosopher-400-300TUR02563.18
826Cheng YiQ558380Chinese philosopher (1033–1107)PhilosopherCheng-Zhu school10331107-10-12Song dynastyCHN02562.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E5%B4%87%E6%94%BF%E6%AE%BF%E8%AF%B4%E4%B9%A6%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%90.jpg?width=320
826Kazimierz ŁyszczyńskiQ1354627Polish philosopher (1634–1689)Philosopheratheism1634-03-041689-03-30Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthBLR02562.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kazimierz%20%C5%81yszczy%C5%84ski%2C%20portrait.jpg?width=320
826Arnold RugeQ61558German philosopher and political writer (1802–1880)Philosopher1802-09-131880-12-31Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02562.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arnold%20Ruge%20Schriftsteller.jpg?width=320
826Theodor LessingQ61446German philosopher (1872–1933)Philosopher1872-02-081933-08-30DEUGermanyDEU42562.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicola%20Perscheid%20-%20Theodor%20Lessing%20nach%201925.jpg?width=320
826Zhang ZaiQ197338Chinese philosopher, essayist, politician, writer, and cosmologist (1020-1077)Philosopher10201077Song dynasty; Northern Song dynastyCHN02562.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chang%20Tsai.jpg?width=320
826George of TrebizondQ533514Greek philosopherPhilosopherhumanism1395-04-111472Byzantine EmpireGRC02561.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Georg%20Trapezuntius%2C%20RP-P-1909-4357.jpg?width=320
826Ervin LaszloQ964137Hungarian musician and philosopher (1932–2026)Philosopher1932-06-122026-06-29United States; HungaryHUN02560.96https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Laszlo%20Ervin.jpg?width=320
826Charles Kay OgdenQ503276English linguist, philosopher, writer (1889–1957)Philosopher1889-06-011957-03-21GBRUnited KingdomGBR02560.87
826Arthur Oncken LovejoyQ504753American philosopher and intellectual historian (1873-1962)Philosopher1873-10-101962-12-30Germany; United StatesDEU02560.6
826Albrecht RitschlQ63173German theologian (1822-1889)Philosopher1822-03-251889-03-20Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02560.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlbrechtRitschl.jpg?width=320
826Ber BorochovQ720022founder of the Labor Zionist movement (1881-1917)Philosopher1881-07-031917-12-17Russian Republic; Russian Empire; Ukrainian People's RepublicUKR02560.41https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ber%20Borochov.jpg?width=320
826Wilfrid SellarsQ712462American philosopher (1912-1989)Philosopher1912-05-201989-07-02USAUnited StatesUSA02560.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wilfrid%20Sellars%20Faculty%20Photo.jpg?width=320
826Paul DeussenQ26714German Indologist and philosopher (1845–1919)Philosopher1845-01-071919-07-06DEUGermanyDEU02559.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Deussen%20(1914)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
826Gabriel BielQ61369German theologian and philosopherPhilosopher14181495-12-07Holy Roman EmpireDEU02558.33
826Carole PatemanQ299627British feminist, academic political theoristPhilosopher1940-12-11GBRUnited KingdomGBR22557.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carole%20Pateman%20in%20Brazil%202015%2002.jpg?width=320
826Cleopatra the AlchemistQ74603rd and 4th century Egyptian alchemist and authorPhilosopher02556.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleopatra%20the%20alchemist.jpg?width=320
826Michael RuseQ518293British-Canadian science philosopher (1940–2024)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; atheism1940-06-212024-11-01GBRUnited KingdomGBR02556.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20Ruse%20photo%20scruffy%20Mcgruff%20and%20pet%20human.jpg?width=320
826Uku MasingQ594450Estonian philosopher and theologian (1909-1985)Philosopher1909-08-111985-04-25ESTEstoniaEST02556.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Uku%20Masing.jpg?width=320
826Thomas Hopkins GallaudetQ712484American educator and founder of the American School for the DeafPhilosopher1787-12-101851-09-10USAUnited StatesUSA02554.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas%20hopkins%20gallaudet%20posthumous%20oil%20painting%20by%20george%20f%20wright%201851.jpg?width=320
826Simon BlackburnQ287357English academic philosopher (born 1944)Philosopheratheism1944-07-12GBRUnited KingdomGBR02552.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Simon%20Blackburn.jpg?width=320
826Susan HaackQ3173010English professor of philosophy and lawPhilosopher1945-07-232026-03-10GBRUnited KingdomGBR02552.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susan%20Haack%20talking%20at%20the%20Copernicus%20Center.jpg?width=320
826Richard David PrechtQ44040German philosopher and authorPhilosopher1964-12-08DEUGermanyDEU42551.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20David%20Precht.jpg?width=320
826Leonard PeikoffQ1235503Canadian-American philosopherPhilosopherObjectivist movement1933-10-15United States; CanadaCAN22549.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leonard%20Peikoff.tiff?width=320
864Boetius of DaciaQ42869413th-century Danish philosopherPhilosopherModistae12401284Sweden; Kingdom of DenmarkDNK02468.58
864Bartolus de SaxoferratoQ439050Italian law professor (1313–1357)Philosopher1313-11-181357-07-29ITA02468.37https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portret%20van%20Bartolus%20de%20Saxoferrato%20Bartolus%20de%20Saxo%20Ferratio%20(titel%20op%20object)%2C%20RP-P-1909-4351.jpg?width=320
864Luis de MolinaQ436077Spanish priest and writerPhilosopherSchool of Salamanca1535-09-291600-10-12ESPSpainESP02465.49https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Molina%20-%20De%20Justitia%20et%20jure%2C%201759%20-%20272.tif?width=320
864William of ChampeauxQ267825French scholastic theologian and philosopherPhilosopher10701121FRAFranceFRA02465.4
864Zaki al-ArsuziQ144693Syrian philosopher (1899–1968)PhilosopherBa'athism1899-061968-07-02SYRSyriaSYR02465.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20philosopher%20Zaki%20al-Arsuzi.jpg?width=320
864CebesQ965144ancient Greek philosopher (4th century BC)Philosopher-500-400GRC02464.47
864Berengar of ToursQ435006medieval theologian (vers 990-1088)Philosopher09981088-01-06FRAFranceFRA02464.44https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/B%C3%A9renger%20de%20Tours.jpg?width=320
864Guarino da VeronaQ539577Italian humanistPhilosopher13741460-12-13ITA82464.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guarino%20da%20Verona%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
864Wang BiQ459865Chinese philosopher and authorPhilosopher02260249Cao WeiCHN02463.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E8%87%B3%E8%81%96%E5%85%88%E8%B3%A2%E5%8D%8A%E8%BA%AB%E5%83%8F%20%E5%86%8A-107-%E7%8E%8B%E5%BC%BC.jpg?width=320
864HipponQ716416ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopher-500-460ITARhegionITA02463.65
864Rudolph GocleniusQ64272German philosopher (1547-1628)Philosopher1547-03-111628-06-08DEUGermanyDEU02463.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goclenius.jpg?width=320
864OnesicritusQ447476ancient Greek historian and admiralPhilosopher-360-290GRC02463.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thalestris%2C%20Queen%20of%20the%20Amazons%2C%20visits%20Alexander%20(1696).jpg?width=320
864Georges PolitzerQ601482French philosopher, Marxist theoretician and resistance member (1903-1942)Philosopher1903-05-031942-05-23FRAFranceROU02462.96
864Paolo SarpiQ1349158Venetian patriot, scholar, scientist and church reformerPhilosopher1552-08-241623-01-15Republic of VeniceITA02462.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo%20Sarpi%202.jpg?width=320
864MenedemusQ990589Greek philosopher (345/44 – 261/60 BC)Philosophereretrian school-340-265GRC02462.7
864Ahmad al-TayyebQ338708Imam of al-Azhar Mosque in EgyptPhilosopher1946-01-06EGYEgyptEGY02462.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ahmed%20el-Tayeb%201.jpg?width=320
864Jean WahlQ573120French philosopher (1888–1974)Philosopher1888-05-251974-06-19FRAFranceFRA02462.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photo%20de%20Jean%20Wahl%20(cropped2).jpg?width=320
864HermarchusQ542808ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopherEpicureanism-325-250GRC02462.27https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bearded%20Philosopher%20-%20Hermarcus%20or%20Democritus%20Palazzo%20Massimo%20alle%20Terme.jpg?width=320
864Yeshayahu LeibowitzQ215927Israeli intellectual (1903-1994)PhilosopherNeo-Kantianism1903-01-291994-08-18ISRIsraelLVA02462.09https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yeshaia%20Leibowitz.%20Photograph%20by%20Grubner.%20Wellcome%20V0026693.jpg?width=320
864Nasr Abu ZaydQ560307Egyptian Quranic thinker, author, and academic (1943-2010)Philosopher1943-07-102010-07-05Kingdom of the Netherlands; EgyptEGY02462.08https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nas%20Abu%20Zeid.jpg?width=320
864Lubna of CordobaQ3264654Al-Ándalus slave and intellectualPhilosopher09220984al-AndalusESP02462.07
864Henry of GhentQ707637scholastic philosopherPhilosopherscholasticism12171293-09-15BEL02461.97https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry%20Goethals%2C%20PA01085.jpg?width=320
864Lie YukouQ29840644th-century BCE Chinese philosopher and authorPhilosopher-450-375ChinaCHN02461.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Album%20of%2018%20Daoist%20Paintings%20-%207.jpg?width=320
864Joseph AlboQ559622rabbi (1380–1444)Philosopher13801444Crown of CastileESP02461.77
864Karel KosikQ559795Czech philosopher, literary theorist and university educator (1926–2003)Philosopher1926-06-262003-02-21CZECzech RepublicCZE02461.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KarelKosik.jpg?width=320
864Paul de LagardeQ61310German polymath, biblical scholar and orientalist (1827-1891)Philosopher1827-11-021891-12-22Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02461.55https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Anton%20de%20Lagarde.png?width=320
864František TomášekQ712590Czech cardinal, professor and theologist (1899-1992)Philosopher1899-06-301992-08-04CzechoslovakiaCZE02461.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Franti%C5%A1ek%20Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1ek.jpg?width=320
864FavorinusQ554387Roman sophist and Academic skeptic philosopher (c.80–c.160)PhilosopherHellenistic art00850200Ancient RomeFRA02461.27
864Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilīQ2658411Iranian Shia Islamic scholar, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer and poetPhilosopher1547-02-261621-09-01LBN42461.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shaykh%20Baha'i%2C%20false%20ascription%20to%20Sadiqi%20Beg%2C%20signed%20by%20the%20%22slave%20Muhammad%20'Ali%22%2C%20dated%201744-5.%20Malek%20Museum%2C%20Tehran.jpg?width=320
864Francesco FilelfoQ4622Italian Renaissance humanist (1398–1481)Philosopher1398-08-021481-08-09ITAMarch of Ancona212461.01https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francesco%20Filelfo%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
864Denis PétauQ1187608French Jesuit theologianPhilosopher1583-08-211652-12-11Kingdom of FranceFRA02460.92https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis%20Petau%2C%207B489182%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
864Myson of ChenaeQ920354ancient Greek wise manPhilosopher-70002460.78
864William of ConchesQ61526012th-century French scholastic philosopher (1080-ca. 1154)Philosopher10801154Kingdom of FranceFRA62460.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20of%20Conches.jpg?width=320
864Arethas of CaesareaQ290771Byzantine theologianPhilosopher08600935Byzantine EmpireGRC02460.62
864Hermippus of SmyrnaQ9338603rd-century BC Greek biographer and philosopherPhilosopher-300-300Smyrna02460.58
864Pierre NicoleQ719942French JansenistsPhilosopher1625-10-191695-11-16FRAFranceFRA02460.04https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pierre-Nicole-transparent.png?width=320
864Erich NeumannQ61171German-Israeli writer, psychologist and philosopher (1905-1960)Philosopher1905-01-231960-11-05Israel; GermanyDEU02459.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Erich%20Neumann%2C%20psychologist.jpg?width=320
864Édouard Le RoyQ274358French mathematician and philosopher (1870-1954)Philosopher1870-06-181954-11-09FRAFranceFRA02459.8https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albert%20Leroy.jpg?width=320
864Johannes AgricolaQ76554German theologian and humanist (1494-1566)PhilosopherGerman Renaissance1494-04-291566-10-02DEU02459.76https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Agricola%20by%20Jenichen%201565.jpg?width=320
864Stanley CavellQ725020American philosopher (1926-2018)Philosopher1926-09-012018-06-19USAUnited StatesUSA12459.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stanley%20Cavell%2C%20Paris%202015.jpg?width=320
864Musaeus of AthensQ728059legendary ancient poet and musicianPhilosopher-500GRCClassical AthensGRC02459.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peleus%20Painter%20ARV%201039%2013%20Musaios%20with%20Melousa%20and%20Terpsichore%20-%20woman%20between%20two%20youths%20(06).jpg?width=320
864Chinmayananda SaraswatiQ173273Indian Hindu spiritual teacher (1916-1993)Philosopher1916-05-081993-08-03INDIndiaIND02458.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Swami%20Chinmayananda%20on%20his%20day%20of%20Sannyas%20initiation%2C%20with%20Guru%20Swami%20Sivananda%20and%20other%20disciples%2C%20Feb%2025%2C%201949%2C%20Maha%20Shivratri%20Day.jpg?width=320
864Hubert DreyfusQ971585American philosopher (1929–2017)Philosopher1929-10-152017-04-22USAUnited StatesUSA02458.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hubert%20Dreyfus.jpg?width=320
864Seyla BenhabibQ263235Turkish-American philosopher and political scientist (born 1950)Philosopher1950-09-09United States; TurkeyTUR02458https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seyla%20Benhabib%2025.jpg?width=320
864Susan GeorgeQ270735American and French political and social scientist, activist and writer (1934-2026)Philosopher1934-06-292026-02-14United States; FranceUSA02457.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Susan%20George%2C%202010%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
864Sir William Hamilton, 9th BaronetQ15474Scottish metaphysician (1788-1856)Philosopher1788-03-081856-05-06United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR02456.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Hamilton%20Philos.jpg?width=320
864Josef PieperQ61163German philosopher (1904-1997)Philosopher1904-05-041997-11-06DEUGermanyDEU02456.56
864Pritilata WaddedarQ2435073British Indian Bengali woman freedom fighter (1911–1932)PhilosopherIndian independence movement1911-05-051932-09-23British RajBGD02456.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Original%20Archived%20photo%20of%20Pritilata%20Waddedar.jpg?width=320
864Ernest Belfort BaxQ1356254British barrister and journalist (1854–1926)Philosopher1854-07-231926-11-26United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR22455.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Story%20of%20French%20Rev%20(1922%2C%20p%20006).jpg?width=320
864Geydar DzhemalQ2422401Azerbaijani-Russian philosopher, politician, and writer (1947-2016)Philosopher1947-11-062016-12-05RUSRussiaRUS02455.91https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geydar%20Dzhemal%20in%202013.png?width=320
864Ralph CudworthQ528261English clergyman, theologian, philosopher, and Cambridge Platonist (1617–88)Philosopher16171688-06-26Kingdom of Great BritainGBR02455.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ralph%20Cudworth.jpg?width=320
864André Comte-SponvilleQ247016French philosopher (born 1952)Philosopherhumanism; atheism; materialism1952-03-12FRAFranceFRA02455.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andr%C3%A9%20Comte-Sponville%20-%20Salon%20du%20livre%20de%20Paris%20-%2023%20mars%202014.JPG?width=320
864Michael HardtQ918655American political philosopher, literary theorist and author of 2000 book Empire (born 1960)Philosopherautonomism; Western philosophy; queer theory1960-01USAUnited StatesUSA02454.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marx200%20(41907175452).jpg?width=320
864Walter KaufmannQ62977German-American philosopher (1921–1980)PhilosopherWestern philosophy; continental philosophy1921-07-011980-09-04United States; GermanyDEU02454.03
864James BurnhamQ1240178American philosopher (1905–1987)Philosopher1905-11-221987-07-28USAUnited StatesUSA12453.57https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James%20Burnham%201927%20Crop.jpg?width=320
919Al-BaydawiQ287573Persian Islamic scholar (died 1319)Philosopher12011286IlkhanateIRN32364.85https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qadi%20Nasir%20al-Din%20Abu%20Sa'id%20'Abdullah%20Baydawi%3B%20Kitab%20Nizam%20al-Tawarikh%2C%20probably%20Tabriz%2C%20Safavid%20Iran%2C%2016th%20century.jpg?width=320
919Chaïm PerelmanQ456301Belgian philosopher of law (1912-1984)PhilosopherNew rhetorics1912-05-201984-01-22Belgium; PolandPOL12364.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cha%C3%AFm%20Perelman.jpg?width=320
919ZaleucusQ1450907th-century BC Greek lawgiverPhilosopher-663-60002364.82https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zaleucus.jpg?width=320
919Eugen FinkQ61628German philosopher (1905-1975)Philosopher1905-12-111975-07-25DEUGermanyDEU02364.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Freiburg%20Reihe%20Professoren%2C%20Fink%2C%20Gurutt%2C%20Heuer%2C%20Szilasi%2C%20Bauch%2C%20Heiss%2C%20Friedrich%20-%20W134Nr.047831%20-%20Willy%20Pragher%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
919Zou YanQ227022Zhou Dynasty philosopherPhilosopher-305-240Qi02364.16
919Barlaam of SeminaraQ384263Italian theologianPhilosopher12901348-06-09Byzantine EmpireTUR02364.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barlaam%2C%20Carrying%20a%20Should.jpg?width=320
919Peter DeunovQ2073176Christian philosopher, Teacher of Esoteric Christianity (1864–1944)Philosopher1864-07-111944-12-27BGRBulgariaBGR02364.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beinsa%20Duno.jpg?width=320
919RavidasQ2639769BuddhismPhilosopher14501520IND02363.85
919Johannes SturmQ66382German educator (1507–1589)Philosopherhumanism1507-10-111589-03-03Duchy of LuxembourgDEU02363.82https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Sturm%20by%20Jacob%20van%20der%20Heyden.jpg?width=320
919Cristoforo LandinoQ711964humanist, philosopher and writer from ItalyPhilosopher1424-02-171498-10-03ITAItalyITA02363.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cristoforo%20Landino%20-%20Angel%20Appearing%20to%20Zacharias%20(detail).jpg?width=320
919Jacob MoleschottQ518623Dutch philosopher (1822-1893)Philosopherscientific materialism1822-08-091893-05-20NLDKingdom of the NetherlandsNLD02362.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr.%20Jacob%20Moleschott.jpg?width=320
919AsclepigeniaQ586050ancient Greek philosopher and mysticPhilosopher04000485Byzantine EmpireGRC02362.4
919CerinthusQ447428Syrian theologian and philosopherPhilosopher01000200TUR02362.35
919Luigi Guido GrandiQ982368mathematician and philosopher from ItalyPhilosopher1671-10-101742-07-04ITA22362.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Guidograndi.jpg?width=320
919Helmuth PlessnerQ76522German philosopher and sociologist (1892–1985)Philosopher1892-09-041985-06-12DEUGermanyDEU12362.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helmuth%20Plessner%201939.jpg?width=320
919Lucius Annaeus CornutusQ5070361st century AD Roman Stoic philosopherPhilosopherstoicism00200080Ancient RomeLBY12362.08
919Symon BudnyQ941595Belarusian and Polish humanistPhilosopher1530-011593-01-13Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPOL22362.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Symon%20Budny.png?width=320
919Yun HyuQ380577Joseon scholar & civil servant (1617–1680)Philosopher1617-10-141680-05-20JoseonKOR02361.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%EC%9C%A4%ED%9C%B4%20%EC%B4%88%EC%83%81%20(%EC%96%BC%EA%B5%B4).jpg?width=320
919Hecataeus of AbderaQ471916Greek philosopher and historian (c.360–c.290 BC)Philosopher-400-300GRC02361.49
919Émile BoiracQ18436French philosopher, parapsychologist, promoter of Esperanto and writer (1851–1917)Philosopher1851-08-261917-09-20FRAFranceDZA02361.06https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%C3%89mile%20Boirac%202.jpg?width=320
919August BöckhQ63183German classical scholar and antiquarian (1785–1867)Philosopher1785-11-241867-08-03Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02360.71https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philipp%20August%20B%C3%B6ckh%20-%20Imagines%20philologorum.jpg?width=320
919Johann Heinrich AlstedQ454743German theologist (1558-1638)Philosopher15881638-11-09DEUGermanyDEU02360.59https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Heinrich%20Alsted%20by%20Audran.jpg?width=320
919Rudolf StammlerQ77651German jurist, law theorist, philosopher (1856-1938)PhilosopherNeo-Kantianism1856-02-191938-04-25German ReichDEU02360.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rudolf%20Stammler.jpg?width=320
919Firmin AbauzitQ688658French, and then Genevan, physician, theologian and philosopher (1679–1767)Philosopher1679-11-121767-03-20Kingdom of France; Republic of GenevaFRA02360.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Firmin%20Abauzit%20-%20Gelehrter.jpg?width=320
919Ajita KesakambaliQ1531876th century BCE Indian materialist philosopherPhilosopher-500INDIndia02359.85
919Dirck Volckertszoon CoornhertQ765465Dutch writer, philosopher, translator, politician and theologian (1522-1590)Philosopherhumanism15221590-10-29Habsburg NetherlandsNLD02359.61https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dirck%20Volckertsz.%20Coornhert%2C%20after%20Cornelis%20Cornelisz%20van%20Haarlem.jpg?width=320
919Keshub Chunder SenQ1397486Indian academic (1838–1884)Philosopher1838-11-191884-01-08British RajIND02359.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Keshab%20Chandra%20Sen.jpg?width=320
919Rüdiger SafranskiQ61915German philosopherPhilosopher1945-01-01DEUGermanyDEU02359.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Safranski.jpg?width=320
919Mary Warnock, Baroness WarnockQ336921Philosopher of morality, education and mind, and writer on existentialism (1924-2019)Philosopher1924-04-142019-03-20GBRUnited KingdomGBR02359.18
919Herbert FeiglQ93678Austrian philosopher (1902–1988)Philosopher1902-12-141988-06-01Austria; United StatesCZE02358.71
919Merab MamardashviliQ470453Georgian philosopher (1930-1990)Philosopher1930-09-151990-11-25Soviet UnionGEO02358.4
919Joseph RazQ1380371Israeli philosopher (1939–2022)Philosopher1939-03-212022-05-02ISRIsraelISR02357.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph%20Raz%20-%2020090224.jpg?width=320
919Edmund GettierQ450940American philosopher (1927–2021)Philosopher1927-10-312021-03-23USAUnited StatesUSA12357.48https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edmund%20L%20Gettier%20III%20ca%201960s%20umass.jpg?width=320
919Robert SpaemannQ63338German philosopher (1927–2018)Philosopher1927-05-052018-12-10DEUGermanyDEU02357.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert%20Spaemann%202015%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
919Martin ChemnitzQ63146German theologian (1522-1586)Philosopher1522-11-191586-04-08DEUGermanyDEU02357.31https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Martin-Chemnitz.jpg?width=320
919Ivan MerzQ2378574Bosnian-Croatian academic, Catholic layperson, writer, schoolteacher, polyglot and blessed of the Catholic Church (1896–1928)Philosopher1896-12-161928-05-10Austria–Hungary; YugoslaviaBIH02357.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bl%20Ivan%20Merz%20u%20Bazilici%20Srca%20Isusova%2013%20rujna%202008.jpg?width=320
919Julián MaríasQ520726Spanish philosopher (1914-2005)Philosopher1914-06-172005-12-15ESPSpainESP02356.97https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20%20julian%20marias%20retrato%20s.jpg?width=320
919Hermann GunkelQ62695German evangelical theologian (1862–1932)Philosopher1862-05-231932-03-11DEUGermanyDEU02356.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gunkel.jpg?width=320
919Egon BondyQ543319Czech poet, philosopher and writer (1930–2007)Philosopher1930-01-202007-04-09CZECzech RepublicCZE02356.63
919MaitreyiQ4986009Vedic philosopher from ancient IndiaPhilosopher-1000-100002356.61
919John FinnisQ3312283Australian legal scholar and philosopherPhilosopher1940-07-28Australia; United StatesAUS02354.98https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Finnis%20on%20After%20Dark%2026th%20June%201987.jpg?width=320
919Iris Marion YoungQ543381American philosopher (1949-2006)Philosopher1949-01-022006-08-01USAUnited StatesUSA02354.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Iris%20Marion%20Young.jpg?width=320
919Paul KurtzQ703303American professor of philosophy (1925-2012)Philosophersecular humanism1925-12-212012-10-20USAUnited StatesUSA02353.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Kurtz%201979.jpg?width=320
919Lea YpiQ109453577Albanian philosopher and professor of political theory at the London School of EconomicsPhilosopher1979-09-08ALBAlbaniaALB32347.43https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lea%20Ypi%20at%20the%20British%20Library.jpg?width=320
919A. C. GraylingQ278583English philosopherPhilosopheratheism1949-04-03GBRUnited KingdomZMB02346.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AC%20Grayling.jpg?width=320
964Crates of AthensQ7127553rd-century BC Greek Platonist philosopherPhilosopherPlatonism-400-268GRCClassical AthensGRC02265.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crates%20of%20Athens%20Nuremberg%20Chronicle.jpg?width=320
964Shneur Zalman of LiadiQ547033Lithuanian Orthodox Rabbi and first Rebbe of Chabad (1745–1812)Philosopher1745-09-151812-12-26Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; Russian EmpireBLR92264.87https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schneur%20Zalman%20of%20Liadi.jpg?width=320
964Liu JiQ699485Chinese philosopher and politician (1311–1375)Philosopher1311-07-091375-05-24Ming dynastyCHN22263.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liu%20Ji.jpg?width=320
964Shen BuhaiQ559421Chinese philosopher and politician (c.400–c.337 BC)Philosopher-385-337CHN02263.74
964N. T. WrightQ335125Anglican bishopPhilosopher1948-12-01GBRUnited KingdomGBR02263.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NTWright071220.jpg?width=320
964ZalmoxisQ145218Thracian godPhilosopher-713UKR02262.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zalmoxis%20Aleksandrovo.jpg?width=320
964AmeliusQ2486243rd century Neoplatonist philosopher and writerPhilosopher02000300Ancient Rome02262.45
964Lucien GoldmannQ513448Romanian-French philosopherPhilosopherMarxism1913-06-201970-10-03Romania; FranceROU12262.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luicien%20Goldmann%20in%201964%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
964Anthony CollinsQ573040English philosopher (1676-1729)Philosopher1676-07-011729-12-24Kingdom of Great BritainGBR02262.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnthonyCollins.jpg?width=320
964Melchor CanoQ644162Spanish theologian (1509-1560)Philosopher1509-01-161560-10-10ESPSpainESP02261.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melchor%20Cano%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
964EknathQ2587826Indian Hindu saint, philosopher, and poet (1533– 26 February 1599)Philosopher15331599IND02261.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eknath%202003%20stamp%20of%20India.jpg?width=320
964Moshe Chaim LuzzattoQ982845Italian orthodox rabbi (1707-1746)Philosopher17071746-05-06Republic of VeniceITA22261.47https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moshe%20Chaim%20Luzzatto%20(ramhal)%20-%20Wall%20painting%20in%20Acre%2C%20Israel.jpg?width=320
964Leo LöwenthalQ77146German sociologist (1900–1993)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1900-11-031993-01-21DEUGermanyDEU02261.36
964Józef Maria BocheńskiQ673672Polish philosopher (1902-1995)Philosopher1902-08-301995-02-08POLPolandPOL12261.13https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ojciec%20Boche%C5%84ski.jpg?width=320
964Jean GuittonQ551761French philosopher and theologian (1901-1999)Philosopher1901-08-181999-03-21FRAFranceFRA12260.97
964Julius PolluxQ5481042nd century Greek grammarian and sophistPhilosopher02000238Ancient RomeEGY02260.8
964Antun SaadehQ610062Lebanese politician (1904-1949)Philosopher1904-03-011949-07-08LBNLebanonLBN12260.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antun%20Saadeh.jpg?width=320
964Ferenc DávidQ559685(c.1510–1579) Hungarian noblePhilosopher15101579-11-15Principality of TransylvaniaROU02260.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FerencDavid.jpg?width=320
964LeontionQ2414934ancient courtesan and philosopherPhilosopherEpicureanism-400-36002260.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epicurus%20en%20Leontium%2C%20Ludwig%20Gottlieb%20Portman%2C%201803.jpg?width=320
964Tomáš HalíkQ679516Czech Catholic priest, philosopher, and theologianPhilosopher1948-06-01CZECzech RepublicCZE02259.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Make%20the%20World%20Think%20Again%20Reason%2C%20Hope%2C%20and%20Faith%20in%20an%20Age%20of%20Populism%20(34084479516).jpg?width=320
964Camillo BerneriQ969881Italian philosopher (1897–1937)Philosopher1897-05-201937-05-05Kingdom of ItalyITA22259.65https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Camillo%20Berneri.jpg?width=320
964Lanza del VastoQ554949philosopher, poet, artist, activist (1901–1981)Philosopher1901-09-291981-01-05France; ItalyITA02259.63https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lanza.jpg?width=320
964Nikephoros BlemmydesQ928509Byzantine philosopherPhilosopher11971269Byzantine EmpireTUR02259.24
964AndroclesQ512602legendary figure in Aesop, with lionPhilosopher01000100Ancient Rome02259.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Illustration%20at%20page%20107%20in%20Europa's%20Fairy%20Book.png?width=320
964Chang Ping-linQ197162Chinese linguist (1868-1936)Philosopher1868-12-251936-06-14Republic of China; Qing dynastyCHN02258.58https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zhangtaiyan1899.jpg?width=320
964Gregory of TatevQ2996527philosopher, theologian, and saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church (1346-1410)Philosopher13461410-01-05Kingdom of ArmeniaGEO02258.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Commentary%20to%20David's%20psalms%20-%20portrait%20of%20Grigor%20Tatevatsi%201449.jpg?width=320
964Friedrich PaulsenQ27913German philosopher and educator (1846–1908)PhilosopherNeo-Kantianism1846-07-161908-08-14Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02258.18https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paulsen.1907.jpg?width=320
964Jamil Sidqi al-ZahawiQ4115227Iraqi poet and philosopher (1863–1936)Philosopher1863-06-181936-02-24Kingdom of Iraq; Ottoman Empire; Mandatory IraqIRQ02257.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jamil%20Sidqi%20al-Zahawi%20(BW%20portrait).jpg?width=320
964Karl Ludwig von HallerQ125462Swiss jurist (1768-1854)Philosopher1768-08-011854-05-20CHESwitzerlandCHE02257.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KarlLudwigHaller.jpg?width=320
964Ivan KireyevskyQ981960Russian philosopher (1806-1856)Philosopher1806-04-031856-06-23Russian EmpireRUS02256.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kireevsky.jpg?width=320
964Tadeusz KotarbińskiQ714839Polish philosopher (1886–1981)Philosopher1886-03-311981-10-03POLPolandPOL02256.77https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tadeusz%20Kotarbi%C5%84ski.jpg?width=320
964John HickQ531931English philosopher of religion and theologian (1922-2012)Philosopher1922-01-202012-02-09GBRUnited KingdomGBR02256.73
964Aleksei LosevQ1248105Russian philosopher and philologist (1893-1988)Philosophercontinental philosophy1893-09-231988-05-24Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic; Russian Empire; Soviet UnionRUS02256.58
964Anna TumarkinQ124439Swiss professor (1875-1951)Philosopher1875-02-161951-08-07CHESwitzerlandBLR02256.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94%20%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg?width=320
964Joseph B. SoloveitchikQ374965American rabbi and theologian (1903–1993)Philosopher1903-02-271993-04-09DEUGermanyBLR22256.11
964Phan Thanh GianQ470095Vietnamese official (1796-1867)Philosopher1796-11-111867-08-04VNMVietnamVNM02255.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phan%20Thanh%20Gian.jpg?width=320
964Max BenseQ62373German philosopher (1910-1990)Philosopher1910-02-071990-04-29DEUGermanyFRA02255.69https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Max%20bense.jpg?width=320
964George GerbnerQ634125American writer, freelancer and sociologist (1919–2005)Philosopher1919-08-082005-12-24USAUnited StatesHUN02255.54https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George%20Gerbner.jpg?width=320
964Barbara CassinQ1984757French philologist and philosopher (born 1947)Philosopher1947-10-24FRAFranceFRA12255.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barbara%20Cassin%20(14360162318)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
964Bernard BosanquetQ822329English philosopher (1848–1923)Philosopher1848-06-141923-02-08United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandGBR12255.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BernardBosanquetPhilosopher.jpg?width=320
964David Malet ArmstrongQ1173590Australian philosopher (1926-2014)Philosopher1926-07-082014-05-13AUSAustraliaAUS02254.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DavidMArmstrong.jpg?width=320
964John McDowellQ1252398South African philosopher and academicPhilosopher1942-03-07ZAFSouth AfricaZAF02254.94https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20McDowell.JPG?width=320
964Hector BoeceQ652097Scottish philosopher and historian (1465–1536)Philosopher14651536Kingdom of ScotlandGBR02254.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HectorBoece.jpg?width=320
964Michael NovakQ3177150American theologian, philosopher, journalist, novelist, and diplomat (1933-2017)Philosopher1933-09-092017-02-17USAUnited StatesUSA02253.23https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MichaelNovak%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
964Erik von Kuehnelt-LeddihnQ113951Austrian noble and political theorist (1909-1999)Philosopher1909-07-311999-05-26AUTAustriaAUT02253.22
964Alister McGrathQ451103Northern Irish theologian, Anglican priest, and academic (born 1953)Philosopher1953-01-23GBRUnited KingdomGBR02253.22https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alister%20McGrath.jpg?width=320
964Ralph Barton PerryQ32679American philosopher (1876–1957)Philosopher1876-07-031957-01-22USAUnited StatesUSA02252.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ralph%20Barton%20Perry%20(1876%E2%80%931957).png?width=320
964Julia AnnasQ437981British philosopher (born 1946)Philosopher1946-06-13United States; United Kingdom02252.14
964Stephen WaltQ535356American political scientistPhilosopher1955-07-02USAUnited StatesUSA02251.88https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Walt%20in%20Amsterdam.jpg?width=320
964Peter KreeftQ555572theologian, philosopher, penman, university teacher (1937-)Philosopher1937-03-16USAUnited StatesUSA02251.7https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter%20Kreeft%20ca%202006.jpg?width=320
964Rosemary Radford RuetherQ198346American theologian (1936–2022)Philosopher1936-11-022022-05-21USAUnited StatesUSA02250.05https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rosemary%20Radford%20Ruether%20%C2%A9Lynn%20Gilbert.jpg?width=320
1015PorciaQ255448daughter of Cato the Younger, wife of Brutus (c. 73 BC - 43 BC)Philosopher-1000043Ancient Rome02166.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portia%20Catonis.jpg?width=320
1015Cesare RipaQ721704Italian art historianPhilosopher15601622-01-22ITAItalyITA12165.33https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Della%20nouissima%20Iconologia%20di%20Cesare%20Ripa%20Perugino%20Caualier%20de%20SS.%20Mauritio%20and%20Lazzaro%20-%20parte%20prima%20(-terza)%20-%20nella%20quale%20si%20descriuono%20diuerse%20imagini%20di%20virtu%2C%20vitij%2C%20affetti%2C%20passioni%20humane%2C%20(14767093413).jpg?width=320
1015Abu Hafs Umar al-SuhrawardiQ3180928Persian Muslim scholar (c. 1145 – 1234)PhilosopherSuhrawardiyya11451234IRN02164.44
1015John CantiusQ275624Polish priest, Scholastic philosopher, physicist and theologianPhilosopher1390-07-011474-01-02Kingdom of PolandPOL02163.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jan%20Kanty.jpg?width=320
1015Richard of Saint VictorQ134479912th-century Scottish mystic, theologian, and philosopherPhilosopher11101173-03-10Kingdom of FranceGBR152163.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Richard%20de%20Saint-Victor%20(d%C3%A9tails%20d'une%20mignature%20de%20Giovanni%20di%20Paolo%2C%20XVe%20si%C3%A8cle).png?width=320
1015Abu'l-Barakāt al-BaghdādīQ263791812th century Iraqi Islamic philosopher, physicist and physicianPhilosopherIslamic philosophy10801165IRQ02163.32
1015Herman of CarinthiaQ72585912th-century Carinthian astrologerPhilosopher11001160Holy Roman EmpireHRV02163.1https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euclid%20and%20Herman%20-%20Ashmole%20MS%20304%2C%20fol%202.jpg?width=320
1015Gaius Marius VictorinusQ708247Roman philosopher, theologian and writerPhilosopher02900364Ancient Rome22162.98
1015Philippus of OpusQ555818ancient Greek philosopherPhilosopher-400-400ITA02162.67
1015Anathon AallQ487387Norwegian academic (1867–1943)Philosopher1867-08-151943-01-09NORNorwayNOR02162.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AnathonAall.jpg?width=320
1015CalcidiusQ729244Platonic philosopher (4th century AD)Philosopher04000500Ancient Rome02162.26https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Timaeus%20trans%20calcidius%20med%20manuscript.jpg?width=320
1015Johannes Nikolaus TetensQ63081German-Danish philosopher (1736-1807)Philosopher1736-09-161807-08-17Kingdom of Denmark; GermanyDEU12162.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Nicolaus%20Tetens.%20Stipple%20engraving%20crop%20Wellcome%20V0005763.jpg?width=320
1015Hayashi RazanQ558279Japanese philosopher (1583–1657)Philosopher15831657-03-07JPNJapanJPN22161.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1%20%E5%83%8F.jpg?width=320
1015WonhyoQ485114Korean Buddhist monk and commentator (617–686)Philosopher06170686Silla102161.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%A8%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%20%EC%98%81%EC%A0%95.JPG?width=320
1015Friedrich PollockQ77175German social scientist (1894–1970)PhilosopherFrankfurt School1894-05-221970-12-16DEUGermanyDEU02161.83https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Friedrich%20Pollock%20(1923).jpg?width=320
1015Gilbert de La PorréeQ583119French theologian (1070-1076, 1154)Philosopher10701154-09-11FRAFranceFRA02161.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gilbert%20de%20la%20Porr%C3%A9e.jpg?width=320
1015CharondasQ2568196th-century BC Greek legislator and statesmanPhilosopher-600-600ITA02161.32https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caronda.JPG?width=320
1015Léon BrunschvicgQ951066French philosopher (1869–1944)Philosopher1869-11-101944-01-18FRAFranceFRA02161.26
1015Félix Ravaisson-MollienQ1479519French academic (1813–1900)Philosopher1813-10-231900-05-18FRAFranceBEL02161.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Felix%20Ravaisson-Mollien.jpg?width=320
1015Claude LefortQ373036French philosopher (1924–2010)Philosopher1924-04-212010-10-03FRAFranceFRA32160.88
1015Andrea Carlo FerrariQ493594Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and archbishop (1850–1921)Philosopher1850-08-131921-02-02Kingdom of ItalyITA02160.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrea%20Carlo%20Ferrari.jpg?width=320
1015Tao HongjingQ981888Chinese polymath, writer, alchemist and astronomer, founder of Shangqing Taoism (456–536)Philosopher0456-06-190536-04-20Liu Song dynasty; Liang dynasty; Southern QiCHN52160.28https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TaoHongJing.jpg?width=320
1015Ramiro Ledesma RamosQ1345080Spanish author (1905–1936)Philosopher1905-05-231936-10-29ESPSpainESP02159.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ramiro%20Ledesma%20(circa%201930).jpg?width=320
1015Antipater of TarsusQ581732Stoic philosopherPhilosopherstoicism-300-129TUR02159.88
1015Theodor GomperzQ78683Austrian philosopher (1832-1912)Philosopher1832-03-291912-08-29Austrian Empire; Austria–HungaryCZE02159.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Theodor%20Gomperz%201869.jpg?width=320
1015Bernard StieglerQ822727French philosopher (1952–2020)Philosopher1952-04-012020-08-05FRAFranceFRA42159.6https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2016%20HTNM%20Bernard%20Stiegler%20(30301265471)%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
1015Lars GustafssonQ372210Swedish writer (1936-2016)Philosopher1936-05-172016-04-03SWESwedenSWE12159.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lars%20Gustafsson%20in%202012.jpg?width=320
1015NemesiusQ960345late 4th century Greek philosopher and bishop of EmesaPhilosopher03500420Byzantine Empire02159.51
1015Bhaktisiddhanta SaraswatiQ2607426Gaudīya Vaisnava Hindu guru and instructor (1874–1937)Philosopher1874-02-061936-12-31British RajIND02159.42https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bhaktisiddhanta2.jpg?width=320
1015Paul JanetQ565381French philosopher (1823-1899)Philosophereclecticism1823-04-301899-10-04FRAFranceFRA02159.39https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paul%20Janet.jpg?width=320
1015Daniel BensaïdQ432730French philosopher (1946-2010)Philosopher1946-03-252010-01-12FRAFranceFRA02159.34https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DanielBensa%C3%AFd%20abr08%20copia.jpg?width=320
1015Zeno of TarsusQ1897673rd century BCE Greek Stoic philosopherPhilosopherstoicism-250-200TUR02159.11https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tarsuslu%20Zenon%2C%20stoac%C4%B1%20filozof%20.jpg?width=320
1015Christian von EhrenfelsQ78603Austrian philosopher (1859-1932)Philosopher1859-06-201932-09-08AUTAustriaAUT02159.03
1015Prabhat Rainjan SarkarQ10352345Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, social reformer and composer (1921–1990)Philosopher1921-05-211990-10-21INDIndiaIND02159.02https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PRSarkar%20GentlemanPhoto%203.jpg?width=320
1015Evald IlyenkovQ1382977Russian philosopher (1924–1979)Philosophercontinental philosophy1924-02-181979-03-21Soviet UnionRUS02158.85
1015CritolausQ1073837ancient Greek philosopher from hellenistic LiciaPhilosopherperipatetic school-200-120Seleucid EmpireTUR02158.61
1015Tirumalai KrishnamacharyaQ265902Yogi (1888-1989)Philosopher1888-11-181989-02-28INDIndiaIND02158.27
1015Jean François de Saint-LambertQ981928French poet, philosopher and military officerPhilosopher1716-12-261803-02-09FRAFranceFRA02158.19https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20de%20Saint-Lambert.jpg?width=320
1015Samuel ibn TibbonQ338123French Orthodox rabbiPhilosopher11501230FRAFranceFRA02157.58
1015William ThompsonQ1340247philosopher and political writer from Ireland (1775-1833)Philosopher1775-06-301833-03-28United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandIRL02157.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinnery%20Thompson.jpg?width=320
1015Helene von DruskowitzQ86525Austrian writer and philosopher (1856–1918)Philosopher1856-05-021918-05-31CisleithaniaAUT02157.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helene%20Druskowitz.gif?width=320
1015Jean CavaillèsQ515633French philosopher and mathematician (1903–1944)Philosopher1903-05-151944-04-04FRAFranceFRA02156.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jean%20Cavaill%C3%A8s.jpg?width=320
1015Andrzej Frycz ModrzewskiQ728305Polish renaissance scholar (1503-1572)Philosopher1503-09-201572Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPOL02156.84https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Andrzej%20Frycz%20Modrzewski.JPG?width=320
1015Rosi BraidottiQ2662864Italian-Australian feminist (1954-)Philosopher1954-09-28AUSAustraliaITA02156.74https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Braidotti.jpg?width=320
1015William David RossQ1364954Scottish philosopher and translator (1877–1971)Philosopher1877-04-151971-05-05GBRUnited KingdomGBR02156.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/W-D-Ross.jpg?width=320
1015Jaegwon KimQ180893American philosopher (1934–2019)Philosopher1934-09-122019-11-27USAUnited StatesKOR02156.32
1015Derek PrinceQ542043British missionary (1915-2003)Philosopher1915-08-142003-09-24United Kingdom; United StatesIND02156.21https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gone%20Home%20(5857962728).jpg?width=320
1015Harry FrankfurtQ740969American philosopher (1929–2023)Philosopher1929-05-292023-07-16USAUnited StatesUSA12156.03https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harry%20Frankfurt%20at%202017%20ACLS%20Annual%20Meeting.jpg?width=320
1015Semyon FrankQ981959Russian philosopher (1877–1950)PhilosopherRussian religious philosophy1877-01-281950-12-10France; United KingdomRUS02155.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%20%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA.jpg?width=320
1015Thomas SebeokQ2143720American semiotician (1920-2001)Philosopher1920-11-092001-12-21United States; HungaryHUN02155.3https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SebeokinTartu%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
1015Max BlackQ687424British-American philosopherPhilosopher1909-02-241988-08-27USAUnited StatesAZE12154.2
1015Bernard LonerganQ530983Canadian philosopher and theologian (1904–1984)Philosopher1904-12-171984-11-26CANCanadaCAN02153.75https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bernard%20Lonergan%20SJ.jpg?width=320
1015John PeckhamQ1322939Archbishop of CanterburyPhilosopher12271292-12-15GBR02153.69
1015R. C. SproulQ939038American theologian and pastor (1939–2017)Philosopher1939-02-132017-12-14USAUnited StatesUSA02153.17https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/R.%20C.%20Sproul.jpg?width=320
1015David Ray GriffinQ521358American philosopher (1939–2022)Philosopher1939-08-082022-11-25USAUnited StatesUSA02153.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dr.griffin.jpg?width=320
1015Alice von HildebrandQ275370Belgian philosopher (1923–2022)Philosopher1923-03-112022-01-14United States; BelgiumBEL02152.85
1015Vicente Ferreira da SilvaQ30611310Brazilian logician, mathematician, and philosopherPhilosopher1916-01-101963-07-19BRABrazilBRA02152.64https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vicente%20Ferreira%20dSilva.jpg?width=320
1015J. J. C. SmartQ600759Australian philosopher and academic (1920–2012)Philosopher1920-09-162012-10-06Australia; United KingdomGBR02152
1073Juan Ginés de SepúlvedaQ940132Spanish philosopher and theologian (1490-1573)Philosopher14901573-11-27ESPSpain02066.25https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Juan%20Gin%C3%A9s%20de%20Sep%C3%BAlveda%20(cropped).jpg?width=320
1073MyiaQ456560Pythagorean philosopherPhilosopher-600-560ITA02065.59
1073Barrington Moore, Jr.Q241199American historian and sociologistPhilosopher1913-05-122005-10-16USAUnited StatesUSA02065.23
1073Maximus of EphesusQ248793Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopher03100372Ancient RomeTUR02063.86
1073Clarence Irving LewisQ725642American philosopher (1883–1964)Philosopher1883-04-121964-02-03USAUnited StatesUSA02063.21
1073Franz Leopold NeumannQ63195German political activist (1900–1954)Philosopher1900-05-231954-09-02Weimar Republic; German EmpirePOL02063.11
1073HermiasQ1613489Greek philosopherPhilosopher04010450Byzantine EmpireEGY02062.7
1073GlauconQ1364945older brother of PlatoPhilosopher-445GRCClassical AthensGRC02062.46
1073Isaac ben Solomon al-IsraeliQ536837medieval Jewish physician and philosopherPhilosopher08580932Fatimid CaliphateEGY52061.86https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De%20febribus.jpg?width=320
1073John ItalusQ947651Byzantine philosopher (11th century)Philosopher10251112Byzantine EmpireITA02061.45
1073Hans Robert JaussQ61262German Romance philologist (1921-1997)Philosopher1921-12-121997-03-01DEUGermanyDEU02061.12
1073Cheng HaoQ558192Chinese philosopher (1032–1085)PhilosopherNeo-Confucianism; Cheng-Zhu school10321085Song dynastyCHN02061.07https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9B%91%E5%AF%9F%E5%BE%A1%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%8B%E9%A2%A2.jpg?width=320
1073Metrodorus of ChiosQ5357694th-century BC Greek philosopherPhilosopher-500-400GRC02060.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bust%20Metrodoros%20Glyptothek%20Munich.jpg?width=320
1073Gómez PereiraQ279030Spanish philosopherPhilosopher15001567ESPSpainESP02060.51https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/El%20Greco%2C%20retrato%20de%20un%20m%C3%A9dico.jpg?width=320
1073Bahya ibn PaqudaQ762229Spanish Jewish philosopher and rabbi (c.1050–1120)Philosopher10501120Taifa of ZaragozaESP02059.86
1073Michael LöwyQ679718French sociologistPhilosopher1938-05-06France; BrazilBRA32059.81https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael%20L%C3%B6wy.jpg?width=320
1073Ernst von GlasersfeldQ112176German philosopher (1917–2010)Philosopher1917-03-082010-11-12United States; AustriaDEU02059.35https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst-von-Glasersfeld%202008%203-fach.jpg?width=320
1073Caspar Bartholin the ElderQ264593Danish polymath (1585-1629)Philosopher1585-02-121629-07-13Denmark–NorwaySWE02059.29https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caspar%20Bartholin%20den%20%C3%A6ldre.jpg?width=320
1073SosipatraQ2919524th-century Greek Neoplatonist philosopherPhilosopher-400-400Ancient RomeTUR02059.26
1073Olof CelsiusQ954771Swedish botanist (1670-1756)Philosopher1670-07-191756-06-24SWESweden02059.21https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Olof%20Celsius%20den%20%C3%A4ldre%20SP176.jpg?width=320
1073Wei YuanQ597003Qing dynasty Chinese scholar (1794-1857)Philosopher1794-04-231856Qing dynastyCHN22058.89https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wei%20Yuan.png?width=320
1073Dominicus GundissalinusQ1237726Spanish philosopherPhilosopher11151190ESPSpainESP02058.8
1073Jerzy ŻuławskiQ1373117Polish philosopher, writer, poet and playwright of the Young Poland period (1874–1915)Philosopher1874-07-141915-08-09Austria–HungaryPOL12058.46https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ppor.%20Jerzy%20%C5%BBu%C5%82awski.jpg?width=320
1073Simón RodríguezQ1358685Venezuelan educator, philosopher and politicianPhilosopher1771-10-281853-02-28ESPSpainVEN02058.38https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anonimo%20010.JPG?width=320
1073Justus MöserQ65087German jurist and social theorist (1720-1794)Philosopher1720-12-141794-01-08DEUGermanyDEU02058.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Justus-moeser%201.jpg?width=320
1073Ada AdlerQ346052Danish classical scholar (1878-1946)Philosopher1878-02-181946-12-28Kingdom of DenmarkDNK02058.12https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ada%20Adler.png?width=320
1073Friedrich Wilhelm FoersterQ66023German academic, philosopher, editor and pacifist (1869-1966)Philosopher1869-06-021966-01-09DEUGermanyDEU12057.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1923%20F%20W%20Foerster.jpg?width=320
1073István MészárosQ128179(1930–2017) Hungarian philosopherPhilosopherBudapest School1930-12-192017-10-01HUNHungaryHUN02057.52
1073Damaris Cudworth MashamQ2332520British philosopher (1659-1708)Philosopher1659-01-181708-04-20Kingdom of Great BritainGBR02057.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Damaris%20Cudworth.jpg?width=320
1073Carlo CattaneoQ1042024Italian patriot, philosopher and politician (1801-1869)Philosopher1801-06-151869-02-06Kingdom of ItalyITA02057.15https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Matania%20Edoardo%20-%20Ritratto%20giovanile%20di%20Carlo%20Cattaneo%20-%20xilografia%20-%201887.jpg?width=320
1073Mustafa MahmoudQ968721Egyptian scientist and Muslm and author (1921–2009)PhilosopherShadhili1921-12-272009-10-31EGYEgyptEGY52057.12https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A.jpg?width=320
1073Theodor BenfeyQ76162German philologist (1809-1881)Philosopher1809-01-281881-06-26Kingdom of PrussiaDEU02056.95https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benfey%2C%20Theodor%20(1809-1881).jpg?width=320
1073Ladislav KlímaQ1354569Czech philosopher and bookwriter (1878–1928)Philosopher1878-08-221928-04-19CzechoslovakiaCZE12056.66https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ladislav%20Kl%C3%ADma.jpg?width=320
1073Dimitris KitsikisQ939629Greek academic (1935–2021)Philosopher1935-06-022021-08-28GRCGreeceGRC02056.56https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dimitri%20kitsikis.jpg?width=320
1073Abram DeborinQ129126Russian philosopher (1881–1963)Philosopher1881-06-161963-03-08Russian Empire; Soviet UnionLTU02055.89
1073Ion DragoumisQ737889Greek diplomat and philosopher (1878–1920)Philosopher1878-09-141920-08-13Kingdom of GreeceGRC02055.82https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ion%20Dragoumis.jpg?width=320
1073Liang ShumingQ1167488Chinese philosopher (1893-1988)Philosopher1893-10-181988-06-23CHNPeople's Republic of ChinaCHN12055.4https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Liang%20Shuming.jpg?width=320
1073Sedulius ScottusQ2609522Irish teacher, Latin grammarian and scriptural commentatorPhilosopherCarolingian Renaissance08500858Carolingian Empire102055.31
1073Antonio EscohotadoQ8201210Spanish essayist and university professorPhilosopher1941-07-052021-11-21ESPSpainESP12053.9https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antonio%20Escohotado.jpg?width=320
1073William AlstonQ125879American Christian philosopher (1921–2009)Philosopher1921-11-292009-09-13USAUnited StatesUSA02053.9
1073Raya DunayevskayaQ438632American philosopher (1910-1987)PhilosopherWestern philosophy1910-05-011987-06-09USAUnited StatesUKR02052.67https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raya%20Dunayevskaya%201960s.jpg?width=320
1073Eric A. HavelockQ561416British classical philologist (1903–1988)Philosopher1903-06-031988-04-04CANCanadaGBR02052.39
1073Ned BlockQ1722354American philosopher and academicPhilosopher1942USAUnited StatesUSA02051.99https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Large%20ned.block.jpg?width=320
1073Christine KorsgaardQ467518American philosopherPhilosopher1952-04-09USAUnited StatesUSA02051.36https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Christine%20Korsgaard%20at%20Amherst%20College%202.jpg?width=320
1073Ruth Barcan MarcusQ437943American philosopher (1921-2012)Philosopher1921-08-022012-02-19USAUnited StatesUSA22051.16https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ruth%20Barcan%20Marcus.jpg?width=320
1073Nancy CartwrightQ512979American philosopherPhilosopher1944-01-24USAUnited StatesUSA02050.45https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nancy%20Cartwright%201990s.jpg?width=320
1073Gadis AriviaQ12483227Indonesian feminist philosopher, lecturer, scholar, and activistPhilosopher1964-09-08IDNIndonesiaIND02043.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gadis%20Arivia%20at%20the%20International%20Conference%20on%20Feminism%2C%202016-09-24%2003.jpg?width=320
1073Julian BagginiQ737519British philosopher, author and journalist (born 1968)Philosopher1968-09-09GBRUnited KingdomGBR02042.93https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Julian%20Baggini-1.jpg?width=320