{"id":"west-asia-diyarbak-r","city":"Diyarbakır","wikidata":"Q83387","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Mesopotamia","present_location":"Turkey","country":"TUR","inhabited_since":"c. 8000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-8000}
{"id":"europe-plovdiv","city":"Plovdiv","wikidata":"Q459","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Neolithic Europe, Iron Age Europe","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"6000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-6000}
{"id":"west-asia-aleppo","city":"Aleppo","wikidata":"Q4115349","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"c. 5000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-5000}
{"id":"west-asia-byblos","city":"Byblos","wikidata":"Q173532","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Lebanon","country":"LBN","inhabited_since":"c. 5000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-5000}
{"id":"europe-argos","city":"Argos","wikidata":"Q189901","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Neolithic Europe, Mycenaean Greece","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"5000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-5000}
{"id":"west-asia-sidon","city":"Sidon","wikidata":"Q163490","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Lebanon","country":"LBN","inhabited_since":"c. 4000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-4000}
{"id":"europe-athens","city":"Athens","wikidata":"Q1524","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Aegean civilization","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"3rd millennium BC","inhabited_since_year":-4000}
{"id":"europe-larisa","city":"Larisa","wikidata":"Q178405","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Aegean civilization","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"c. 2000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-4000}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-girga-as-thinis","city":"Girga (as Thinis)","wikidata":"Q749187","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Egypt","present_location":"Egypt","country":"EGY","inhabited_since":"c. 3273 BC","inhabited_since_year":-3272}
{"id":"west-asia-damascus","city":"Damascus","wikidata":"Q3766","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"c. 3000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-3000}
{"id":"west-asia-jerusalem","city":"Jerusalem","wikidata":"Q1218","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Israel and Palestine","country":"ISR","inhabited_since":"c. 3000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-3000}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-multan","city":"Multan","wikidata":"Q185453","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Indus Valley Civilisation","present_location":"Pakistan","country":"PAK","inhabited_since":"3000–2800 BC","inhabited_since_year":-3000}
{"id":"europe-thebes","city":"Thebes","wikidata":"Q5760","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Aegean civilization","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"c. 3000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-3000}
{"id":"west-asia-tyre","city":"Tyre","wikidata":"Q82070","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Lebanon","country":"LBN","inhabited_since":"c. 2750 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2750}
{"id":"west-asia-hama","city":"Hama","wikidata":"Q173545","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"c. 2400 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2400}
{"id":"west-asia-erbil","city":"Erbil","wikidata":"Q132754","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Mesopotamia","present_location":"Iraq","country":"IRQ","inhabited_since":"c. 2300 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2300}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-faiyum-as-shedet","city":"Faiyum (as Shedet)","wikidata":"Q203299","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Egypt","present_location":"Egypt","country":"EGY","inhabited_since":"c. 2181 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2181}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-luxor-as-thebes","city":"Luxor (as Thebes)","wikidata":"Q130514","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Egypt","present_location":"Egypt","country":"EGY","inhabited_since":"c. 3200 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2150}
{"id":"west-asia-ankara","city":"Ankara","wikidata":"Q3640","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Anatolia","present_location":"Turkey","country":"TUR","inhabited_since":"c. 2000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"west-asia-jaffa","city":"Jaffa","wikidata":"Q180294","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Israel","country":"ISR","inhabited_since":"c. 2000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"west-asia-acre","city":"Acre","wikidata":"Q126084","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Israel","country":"ISR","inhabited_since":"c. 2000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"west-asia-jableh","city":"Jableh","wikidata":"Q175923","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"2nd millennium BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"west-asia-beirut","city":"Beirut","wikidata":"Q3820","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Lebanon","country":"LBN","inhabited_since":"c. 2000 – c. 1800 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-balkh","city":"Balkh","wikidata":"Q182159","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Bactria","present_location":"Afghanistan","country":"AFG","inhabited_since":"2000-1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-2000}
{"id":"east-asia-zhengzhou-as-bo","city":"Zhengzhou (as Bo)","wikidata":"Q30340","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Shang dynasty","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 1600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1600}
{"id":"east-asia-yanshi-henan-as-xibo","city":"Yanshi, Henan (as Xibo)","wikidata":"Q1337479","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Shang dynasty","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 1600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1600}
{"id":"east-asia-luoyang-as-luoyi-henan-dongdu-shendu","city":"Luoyang (as Luoyi, Henan, Dongdu, Shendu)","wikidata":"Q187136","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Shang dynasty","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 1600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1600}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-varanasi","city":"Varanasi","wikidata":"Q79980","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Kashi","present_location":"India","country":"IND","inhabited_since":"c. 1200 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1400}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-kandahar","city":"Kandahar","wikidata":"Q45604","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Arachosia","present_location":"Afghanistan","country":"AFG","inhabited_since":"3000–1500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1300}
{"id":"west-asia-latakia","city":"Latakia","wikidata":"Q200030","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Syria","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"2nd millennium BC","inhabited_since_year":-1200}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-delhi-as-indraprastha","city":"Delhi (as Indraprastha)","wikidata":"Q1353","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Ancient India","present_location":"India","country":"IND","inhabited_since":"1200–900 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1200}
{"id":"europe-cadiz","city":"Cádiz","wikidata":"Q15682","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Phoenicia","present_location":"Spain","country":"ESP","inhabited_since":"c. 1100 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1100}
{"id":"east-asia-handan","city":"Handan","wikidata":"Q58570","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Jin, Zhao","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 1080 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1080}
{"id":"east-asia-beijing-as-ji-youzhou-fanyang-yanjing-zhongdu-dadu","city":"Beijing (as Ji, Youzhou, Fanyang, Yanjing, Zhongdu, Dadu)","wikidata":"Q956","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Ji, Yan","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 1045 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1045}
{"id":"north-america-cholula","city":"Cholula","wikidata":"Q1007232","region":"North America","historical_region":"Old Cholula","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 – c. 500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"west-asia-eskisehir","city":"Eskişehir","wikidata":"Q168866","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Anatolia","present_location":"Turkey","country":"TUR","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"west-asia-gaza","city":"Gaza","wikidata":"Q47492","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Palestine","country":"PSE","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"west-asia-hebron","city":"Hebron","wikidata":"Q168225","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Palestine","country":"PSE","inhabited_since":"Iron Age","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"west-asia-jericho","city":"Jericho","wikidata":"Q5687","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Palestine","country":"PSE","inhabited_since":"early 1st millennium BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-sayram","city":"Sayram","wikidata":"Q574555","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Transoxiana","present_location":"Kazakhstan","country":"KAZ","inhabited_since":"1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-dushanbe","city":"Dushanbe","wikidata":"Q9365","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Achaemenid","present_location":"Tajikistan","country":"TJK","inhabited_since":"1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"europe-matera","city":"Matera","wikidata":"Q13616","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Prehistoric Italy","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-1000}
{"id":"north-america-flores","city":"Flores","wikidata":"Q679383","region":"North America","historical_region":"Maya civilization, then New Spain","present_location":"Guatemala","country":"GTM","inhabited_since":"900–600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-900}
{"id":"west-asia-medina","city":"Medina","wikidata":"Q35484","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Hejaz","present_location":"Saudi Arabia","country":"SAU","inhabited_since":"9th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-900}
{"id":"europe-zadar-as-zara","city":"Zadar (as Zara)","wikidata":"Q3370","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Liburnia","present_location":"Croatia","country":"HRV","inhabited_since":"c. 900 BC","inhabited_since_year":-900}
{"id":"west-asia-hamadan-ecbatana","city":"Hamadan (Ecbatana)","wikidata":"Q28587","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Media","present_location":"Iran","country":"IRN","inhabited_since":"c. 800 BC","inhabited_since_year":-800}
{"id":"europe-lisbon","city":"Lisbon","wikidata":"Q597","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Lusitania","present_location":"Portugal","country":"PRT","inhabited_since":"8th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-800}
{"id":"europe-malaga","city":"Málaga","wikidata":"Q8851","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Phoenicia","present_location":"Spain","country":"ESP","inhabited_since":"770 BC","inhabited_since_year":-800}
{"id":"europe-mdina","city":"Mdina","wikidata":"Q207277","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Ancient Malta","present_location":"Malta","country":"MLT","inhabited_since":"8th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-800}
{"id":"west-asia-yerevan","city":"Yerevan","wikidata":"Q1953","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Yerevan","present_location":"Armenia","country":"ARM","inhabited_since":"782 BC","inhabited_since_year":-782}
{"id":"east-asia-qufu-as-lu","city":"Qufu (as Lu)","wikidata":"Q210287","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Lu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"before 770 BC","inhabited_since_year":-771}
{"id":"east-asia-shangqiu-as-suiyang-songzhou-guide","city":"Shangqiu (as Suiyang, Songzhou, Guide)","wikidata":"Q404817","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Song","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"before 770 BC","inhabited_since_year":-771}
{"id":"europe-rome","city":"Rome","wikidata":"Q220","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Latium","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"c. 753 BC","inhabited_since_year":-753}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-samarkand","city":"Samarkand","wikidata":"Q5753","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Sogdia","present_location":"Uzbekistan","country":"UZB","inhabited_since":"800–500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-750}
{"id":"europe-reggio-di-calabria-as-rhegion","city":"Reggio di Calabria (as Rhegion)","wikidata":"Q8471","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Magna Graecia","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"743 BC","inhabited_since_year":-743}
{"id":"europe-catania-as-katane","city":"Catania (as Katane)","wikidata":"Q1903","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Sicily, Magna Graecia","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"729 BC","inhabited_since_year":-729}
{"id":"west-asia-tabriz","city":"Tabriz","wikidata":"Q80053","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Media","present_location":"Iran","country":"IRN","inhabited_since":"714 B.C.","inhabited_since_year":-714}
{"id":"europe-corfu-city-as-kerkyra","city":"Corfu (city) (as Kerkyra)","wikidata":"Q205832","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Corfu","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"c. 709 BC.","inhabited_since_year":-709}
{"id":"north-america-izamal","city":"Izamal","wikidata":"Q1020762","region":"North America","historical_region":"Maya civilization, then New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"700–450 BC","inhabited_since_year":-700}
{"id":"east-asia-jingzhou-as-jinan-yingdu-jiangling-jingsha-nanjun","city":"Jingzhou (as Jinan, Yingdu, Jiangling, Jingsha, Nanjun)","wikidata":"Q71247","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Chu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 689 BC","inhabited_since_year":-689}
{"id":"west-asia-istanbul-as-byzantion","city":"Istanbul (as Byzantion)","wikidata":"Q406","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Thrace, Anatolia","present_location":"Turkey","country":"TUR","inhabited_since":"685 BC Anatolia; 660 BC Thrace","inhabited_since_year":-685}
{"id":"europe-istanbul-as-byzantion","city":"Istanbul (as Byzantion)","wikidata":"Q406","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Thrace, Anatolia","present_location":"Turkey","country":"TUR","inhabited_since":"685 BC Anatolia; 660 BC Thrace","inhabited_since_year":-685}
{"id":"europe-syracuse","city":"Syracuse","wikidata":"Q13670","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Sicily","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"ca. 680-675 BC (traditionally 734 BC)","inhabited_since_year":-680}
{"id":"europe-naples","city":"Naples","wikidata":"Q2634","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Magna Graecia","present_location":"Italy","country":"ITA","inhabited_since":"c. 680 BC","inhabited_since_year":-680}
{"id":"east-asia-weinan-as-dongfu","city":"Weinan (as Dongfu)","wikidata":"Q126995","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Qin","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 668 BC","inhabited_since_year":-668}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-aswan-as-swenett","city":"Aswan (as Swenett)","wikidata":"Q29888","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Egypt","present_location":"Egypt","country":"EGY","inhabited_since":"c. 650 BC","inhabited_since_year":-650}
{"id":"east-asia-hefei-as-luyi-ruyin-luzhou-hezhou-lujiang","city":"Hefei (as Luyi, Ruyin, Luzhou, Hezhou, Lujiang)","wikidata":"Q185684","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Zhou dynasty","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 650 BC","inhabited_since_year":-650}
{"id":"europe-durres","city":"Durrës","wikidata":"Q83285","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Illyria","present_location":"Albania","country":"ALB","inhabited_since":"627–625 BC","inhabited_since_year":-627}
{"id":"europe-sozopol","city":"Sozopol","wikidata":"Q271925","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Thrace","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"610 BC","inhabited_since_year":-610}
{"id":"europe-kerch","city":"Kerch","wikidata":"Q157065","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Crimea","present_location":"Ukraine (de jure) and Russia (de facto)","country":"UKR","inhabited_since":"c. 610 BC","inhabited_since_year":-610}
{"id":"west-asia-kutaisi","city":"Kutaisi","wikidata":"Q172415","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Colchis","present_location":"Georgia","country":"GEO","inhabited_since":"6th to 4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-600}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-ujjain","city":"Ujjain","wikidata":"Q200119","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Malwa","present_location":"India","country":"IND","inhabited_since":"c. 600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-600}
{"id":"europe-marseille-as-massalia","city":"Marseille (as Massalia)","wikidata":"Q23482","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Archaic Greece","present_location":"France","country":"FRA","inhabited_since":"600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-600}
{"id":"europe-constanta","city":"Constanța","wikidata":"Q79808","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Dobruja","present_location":"Romania","country":"ROU","inhabited_since":"c. 600 BC","inhabited_since_year":-600}
{"id":"europe-mangalia","city":"Mangalia","wikidata":"Q467498","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Dobruja","present_location":"Romania","country":"ROU","inhabited_since":"middle or end of the 6th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-600}
{"id":"europe-nesebar","city":"Nesebar","wikidata":"Q193241","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Thrace","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"beginning of the 6th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-585}
{"id":"europe-varna","city":"Varna","wikidata":"Q6506","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Thrace","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"585–570 BC","inhabited_since_year":-585}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-peshawar","city":"Peshawar","wikidata":"Q1113311","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Gandhara","present_location":"Pakistan","country":"PAK","inhabited_since":"539 BC","inhabited_since_year":-539}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-benghazi-as-euesperides","city":"Benghazi (as Euesperides)","wikidata":"Q40816","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Cyrenaica","present_location":"Libya","country":"LBY","inhabited_since":"c. 525 BC","inhabited_since_year":-525}
{"id":"east-asia-suzhou-as-gusu-wu-pingjiang","city":"Suzhou (as Gusu, Wu, Pingjiang)","wikidata":"Q42622","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Wu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"514 BC","inhabited_since_year":-514}
{"id":"north-america-monte-alban-zaachila-oaxaca-city","city":"Monte Albán-Zaachila-Oaxaca City","wikidata":"Q464899","region":"North America","historical_region":"Zapotec civilization, Mixtec civilisation","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-500}
{"id":"west-asia-bosra","city":"Bosra","wikidata":"Q272680","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Levant","present_location":"Syria","country":"SYR","inhabited_since":"c. 500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-500}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-bukhara","city":"Bukhara","wikidata":"Q5764","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Sogdia","present_location":"Uzbekistan","country":"UZB","inhabited_since":"c. 500 BC","inhabited_since_year":-500}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-dhaka","city":"Dhaka","wikidata":"Q1354","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Iron Age India","present_location":"Bangladesh","country":"BGD","inhabited_since":"c. 500–200 BC","inhabited_since_year":-500}
{"id":"east-asia-taiyuan-as-jinyang","city":"Taiyuan (as Jinyang)","wikidata":"Q72778","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Jin","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 497 BC","inhabited_since_year":-497}
{"id":"east-asia-nanjing-as-yecheng-moling-jianye-jiankang-jinling-yingtian-jiangning","city":"Nanjing (as Yecheng, Moling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jinling, Yingtian, Jiangning)","wikidata":"Q16666","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Wu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 495 BC","inhabited_since_year":-495}
{"id":"east-africa-aksum","city":"Aksum","wikidata":"Q5832","region":"East Africa","historical_region":"Kingdom of Axum","present_location":"Ethiopia","country":"ETH","inhabited_since":"c. 400 BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"west-africa-benin-city","city":"Benin City","wikidata":"Q320704","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Kingdom of Benin","present_location":"Nigeria","country":"NGA","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 AD","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"north-america-tututepec","city":"Tututepec","wikidata":"Q7930550","region":"North America","historical_region":"Mixtec civilization","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 400 BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"north-america-toluca-calixtlahuaca","city":"Toluca-Calixtlahuaca","wikidata":"Q209034","region":"North America","historical_region":"Otomí peoples","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 400 – c. 200 BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-anuradhapura","city":"Anuradhapura","wikidata":"Q5724","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Kingdom of Rajarata","present_location":"Sri Lanka","country":"LKA","inhabited_since":"4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"east-asia-chengdu","city":"Chengdu","wikidata":"Q30002","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Shu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 400 BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"europe-shkodra","city":"Shkodra","wikidata":"Q131638","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Illyria","present_location":"Albania","country":"ALB","inhabited_since":"2250–2000 BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"europe-sofia","city":"Sofia","wikidata":"Q472","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Moesia","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"europe-lezhe","city":"Lezhë","wikidata":"Q169160","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Illyria","present_location":"Albania","country":"ALB","inhabited_since":"4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-400}
{"id":"east-asia-changsha-as-linxiang-xiangzhou-tanzhou-tianlin","city":"Changsha (as Linxiang, Xiangzhou, Tanzhou, Tianlin)","wikidata":"Q174091","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Chu","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 365 BC","inhabited_since_year":-365}
{"id":"east-asia-kaifeng-as-daliang-bianzhou-dongjing-bianjing","city":"Kaifeng (as Daliang, Bianzhou, Dongjing, Bianjing)","wikidata":"Q208471","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Wei","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 364 BC","inhabited_since_year":-364}
{"id":"europe-stara-zagora","city":"Stara Zagora","wikidata":"Q170415","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Thrace","present_location":"Bulgaria","country":"BGR","inhabited_since":"342 BC","inhabited_since_year":-342}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-alexandria","city":"Alexandria","wikidata":"Q87","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Egypt","present_location":"Egypt","country":"EGY","inhabited_since":"c. 332 BC","inhabited_since_year":-332}
{"id":"east-asia-chongqing","city":"Chongqing","wikidata":"Q11725","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Ba","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 316 BC","inhabited_since_year":-316}
{"id":"europe-thessaloniki","city":"Thessaloniki","wikidata":"Q17151","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Macedonia (ancient kingdom)","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"315 BC","inhabited_since_year":-315}
{"id":"europe-berat","city":"Berat","wikidata":"Q170244","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Illyria","present_location":"Albania","country":"ALB","inhabited_since":"4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":-314}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-madurai","city":"Madurai","wikidata":"Q228405","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Pandyan Kingdom","present_location":"India","country":"IND","inhabited_since":"3rd century BC","inhabited_since_year":-300}
{"id":"east-asia-liaoyang-as-xiangping-changping-liaodong-pingzhou-liaozhou-dongdu-dongjing","city":"Liaoyang (as Xiangping, Changping, Liaodong, Pingzhou, Liaozhou, Dongdu, Dongjing)","wikidata":"Q75203","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Yan","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"c. 279 BC","inhabited_since_year":-279}
{"id":"europe-belgrade","city":"Belgrade","wikidata":"Q3711","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Illyria","present_location":"Serbia","country":"SRB","inhabited_since":"279 BC","inhabited_since_year":-279}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hanoi","city":"Hanoi","wikidata":"Q1858","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Âu Lạc","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"257 BC","inhabited_since_year":-257}
{"id":"east-asia-guangzhou-as-panyu","city":"Guangzhou (as Panyu)","wikidata":"Q16572","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Qin dynasty","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"214 BC","inhabited_since_year":-214}
{"id":"east-asia-pyeongyang-as-wanggeom-seong","city":"Pyeongyang (as Wanggeom-seong)","wikidata":"Q18808","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Gojoseon","present_location":"North Korea","country":"PRK","inhabited_since":"c. 194 BC","inhabited_since_year":-194}
{"id":"europe-santarem","city":"Santarém","wikidata":"Q225413","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Lusitania","present_location":"Portugal","country":"PRT","inhabited_since":"138 BC","inhabited_since_year":-138}
{"id":"east-asia-gyeongju","city":"Gyeongju","wikidata":"Q42097","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Silla","present_location":"South Korea","country":"KOR","inhabited_since":"57 BC","inhabited_since_year":-57}
{"id":"europe-colchester","city":"Colchester","wikidata":"Q184163","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Britain","present_location":"United Kingdom","country":"GBR","inhabited_since":"20–10 BC","inhabited_since_year":-20}
{"id":"east-asia-seoul-as-wiryeseong","city":"Seoul (as Wiryeseong)","wikidata":"Q8684","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Baekje","present_location":"South Korea","country":"KOR","inhabited_since":"18 BC","inhabited_since_year":-18}
{"id":"europe-braga","city":"Braga","wikidata":"Q83247","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Lusitania","present_location":"Portugal","country":"PRT","inhabited_since":"c. 16-15 BC","inhabited_since_year":-16}
{"id":"europe-strasbourg","city":"Strasbourg","wikidata":"Q6602","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Germania Superior","present_location":"France","country":"FRA","inhabited_since":"12 BC","inhabited_since_year":-12}
{"id":"east-africa-zeila-as-avalites","city":"Zeila (as Avalites)","wikidata":"Q157800","region":"East Africa","historical_region":"Bilad al-Barbar","present_location":"Somalia","country":"SOM","inhabited_since":"c. 100 AD","inhabited_since_year":100}
{"id":"north-america-papantla-el-tajin","city":"Papantla / El Tajín","wikidata":"Q1962777","region":"North America","historical_region":"Totonac people","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 1st century AD","inhabited_since_year":100}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hue","city":"Huế","wikidata":"Q36399","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Lâm Ấp","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"192 AD","inhabited_since_year":192}
{"id":"east-asia-osaka-as-osumi","city":"Osaka (as Osumi)","wikidata":"Q35765","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Japan","present_location":"Japan","country":"JPN","inhabited_since":"390 AD","inhabited_since_year":390}
{"id":"southeast-asia-jakarta","city":"Jakarta","wikidata":"Q3630","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Tarumanagara","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"417 AD","inhabited_since_year":417}
{"id":"west-africa-gao","city":"Gao","wikidata":"Q188904","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Gao Empire, Songhai Empire","present_location":"Mali","country":"MLI","inhabited_since":"c. 600 AD","inhabited_since_year":600}
{"id":"southeast-asia-pyay","city":"Pyay","wikidata":"Q691747","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Pyu city-states","present_location":"Myanmar","country":"MMR","inhabited_since":"638 AD","inhabited_since_year":638}
{"id":"southeast-asia-palembang","city":"Palembang","wikidata":"Q8131","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Srivijaya","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"683 AD","inhabited_since_year":683}
{"id":"southeast-asia-luang-prabang","city":"Luang Prabang","wikidata":"Q190165","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Muang Sua","present_location":"Laos","country":"LAO","inhabited_since":"698 AD","inhabited_since_year":698}
{"id":"east-asia-nara-as-heijo","city":"Nara (as Heijō)","wikidata":"Q169134","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Japan","present_location":"Japan","country":"JPN","inhabited_since":"708 AD","inhabited_since_year":708}
{"id":"east-asia-kyoto-as-heian-and-sometimes-known-in-the-west-as-miyako","city":"Kyoto (as Heian, and sometimes known in the west as Miyako)","wikidata":"Q34600","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Japan","present_location":"Japan","country":"JPN","inhabited_since":"710 AD","inhabited_since_year":710}
{"id":"southeast-asia-yogyakarta","city":"Yogyakarta","wikidata":"Q7568","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Mataram Kingdom","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"732 AD","inhabited_since_year":732}
{"id":"southeast-asia-malang","city":"Malang","wikidata":"Q11445","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Kanjuruhan Kingdom","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"740 AD","inhabited_since_year":740}
{"id":"southeast-asia-nakhon-si-thammarat","city":"Nakhon Si Thammarat","wikidata":"Q1012424","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Tambralinga","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"775 AD","inhabited_since_year":775}
{"id":"southeast-asia-siem-reap","city":"Siem Reap","wikidata":"Q11711","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Khmer Empire","present_location":"Cambodia","country":"KHM","inhabited_since":"801 AD","inhabited_since_year":801}
{"id":"southeast-asia-lamphun","city":"Lamphun","wikidata":"Q1211214","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Hariphunchai","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"896 AD","inhabited_since_year":896}
{"id":"southeast-asia-magelang","city":"Magelang","wikidata":"Q11017","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Mataram","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"907 AD","inhabited_since_year":907}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hung-yen","city":"Hưng Yên","wikidata":"Q36235","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Tĩnh Hải quân","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"966 AD","inhabited_since_year":966}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hoa-lu","city":"Hoa Lư","wikidata":"Q131417547","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Đại Cồ Việt","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"968 AD","inhabited_since_year":968}
{"id":"southeast-asia-bandar-seri-begawan","city":"Bandar Seri Begawan","wikidata":"Q9279","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Po-ni and Bruneian Empire","present_location":"Brunei","country":"BRN","inhabited_since":"977 AD","inhabited_since_year":977}
{"id":"north-america-taos-pueblo","city":"Taos Pueblo","wikidata":"Q252814","region":"North America","historical_region":"Taos Pueblo","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"c. 1000 AD","inhabited_since_year":1000}
{"id":"southeast-asia-butuan","city":"Butuan","wikidata":"Q1686","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Rajahnate of Butuan","present_location":"Philippines","country":"PHL","inhabited_since":"1001 AD","inhabited_since_year":1001}
{"id":"southeast-asia-bac-ninh","city":"Bắc Ninh","wikidata":"Q33381","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Đại Cồ Việt","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"1009 AD","inhabited_since_year":1009}
{"id":"southeast-asia-kediri","city":"Kediri","wikidata":"Q11443","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Kediri Kingdom","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"1042 AD","inhabited_since_year":1042}
{"id":"southeast-asia-yangon","city":"Yangon","wikidata":"Q37995","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Konbaung dynasty","present_location":"Myanmar","country":"MMR","inhabited_since":"1043 AD","inhabited_since_year":1043}
{"id":"southeast-asia-surabaya","city":"Surabaya","wikidata":"Q11462","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Janggala Kingdom","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"1045 AD","inhabited_since_year":1045}
{"id":"north-america-oraibi","city":"Oraibi","wikidata":"Q1130161","region":"North America","historical_region":"Hopi Pueblo","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"c. 1100 AD","inhabited_since_year":1099}
{"id":"north-and-northeast-africa-suakin","city":"Suakin","wikidata":"Q571215","region":"North and Northeast Africa","historical_region":"Ancient Sudan","present_location":"Sudan","country":"SDN","inhabited_since":"c. 11th century","inhabited_since_year":1100}
{"id":"north-america-acoma-pueblo","city":"Acoma Pueblo","wikidata":"Q342057","region":"North America","historical_region":"Acoma Pueblo","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"c. 1100 AD","inhabited_since_year":1100}
{"id":"south-america-cusco","city":"Cusco","wikidata":"Q5582862","region":"South America","historical_region":"Inca Empire","present_location":"Peru","country":"PER","inhabited_since":"c. 1100 AD","inhabited_since_year":1100}
{"id":"southeast-asia-singapore","city":"Singapore","wikidata":"Q334","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Kingdom of Singapura","present_location":"Singapore","country":"SGP","inhabited_since":"1170 AD","inhabited_since_year":1170}
{"id":"southeast-asia-sukhothai","city":"Sukhothai","wikidata":"Q423654","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Lavo Kingdom","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"1180 AD","inhabited_since_year":1180}
{"id":"north-america-cuernavaca-cuauhnahuac-teopanzolco","city":"Cuernavaca (Cuauhnahuac)-Teopanzolco","wikidata":"Q204245","region":"North America","historical_region":"Nahuan peoples","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"c. 1200 AD","inhabited_since_year":1200}
{"id":"southeast-asia-banda-aceh","city":"Banda Aceh","wikidata":"Q5779","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Aceh Sultanate","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"1205 AD","inhabited_since_year":1205}
{"id":"southeast-asia-manila","city":"Manila","wikidata":"Q1461","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Tondo and Rajahnate of Maynila","present_location":"Philippines","country":"PHL","inhabited_since":"1258 AD","inhabited_since_year":1258}
{"id":"southeast-asia-nam-inh","city":"Nam Định","wikidata":"Q138638832","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Đại Việt","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"1262 AD","inhabited_since_year":1262}
{"id":"southeast-asia-chiang-rai","city":"Chiang Rai","wikidata":"Q856772","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Ngoenyang","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"1262 AD","inhabited_since_year":1262}
{"id":"southeast-asia-taungoo","city":"Taungoo","wikidata":"Q1193412","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Pagan Kingdom","present_location":"Myanmar","country":"MMR","inhabited_since":"1279 AD","inhabited_since_year":1279}
{"id":"southeast-asia-chiang-mai","city":"Chiang Mai","wikidata":"Q52028","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Lanna Kingdom","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"1294 AD or 1296 AD","inhabited_since_year":1294}
{"id":"north-america-tucson","city":"Tucson","wikidata":"Q18575","region":"North America","historical_region":"Hohokam","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"c. 1300 AD","inhabited_since_year":1300}
{"id":"southeast-asia-singhapala","city":"Singhapala","wikidata":"Q4401071","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Rajahnate of Cebu","present_location":"Philippines","country":"PHL","inhabited_since":"c. 1300 AD","inhabited_since_year":1300}
{"id":"southeast-asia-sagaing","city":"Sagaing","wikidata":"Q1018173","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Sagaing Kingdom","present_location":"Myanmar","country":"MMR","inhabited_since":"1315 AD","inhabited_since_year":1315}
{"id":"north-america-mexico-city","city":"Mexico City","wikidata":"Q1489","region":"North America","historical_region":"Mexica culture (Nahuan peoples)","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1325 AD","inhabited_since_year":1325}
{"id":"southeast-asia-ayutthaya","city":"Ayutthaya","wikidata":"Q203370","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Ayutthaya Kingdom","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"1350 AD","inhabited_since_year":1350}
{"id":"southeast-asia-muar","city":"Muar","wikidata":"Q1832744","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Majapahit","present_location":"Malaysia","country":"MYS","inhabited_since":"1361 AD","inhabited_since_year":1361}
{"id":"southeast-asia-phnom-penh","city":"Phnom Penh","wikidata":"Q1850","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Khmer Empire","present_location":"Cambodia","country":"KHM","inhabited_since":"1372 AD","inhabited_since_year":1372}
{"id":"central-africa-m-banza-kongo","city":"M'banza-Kongo","wikidata":"Q500189","region":"Central Africa","historical_region":"Kongo Empire","present_location":"Angola","country":"AGO","inhabited_since":"c. 1390 AD","inhabited_since_year":1390}
{"id":"southeast-asia-malacca","city":"Malacca","wikidata":"Q61089","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Malacca Sultanate","present_location":"Malaysia","country":"MYS","inhabited_since":"1396","inhabited_since_year":1396}
{"id":"west-africa-cidade-velha-as-ribeira-grande","city":"Cidade Velha (as Ribeira Grande)","wikidata":"Q464913","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Santiago Island","present_location":"Cape Verde","country":"CPV","inhabited_since":"1462 AD","inhabited_since_year":1462}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hai-duong","city":"Hải Dương","wikidata":"Q10800590","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Đại Việt","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"1469 AD","inhabited_since_year":1469}
{"id":"southeast-asia-hoi-an","city":"Hội An","wikidata":"Q36160","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Đại Việt","present_location":"Vietnam","country":"VNM","inhabited_since":"1471 AD","inhabited_since_year":1471}
{"id":"southeast-asia-bogor","city":"Bogor","wikidata":"Q10393","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Sunda Kingdom","present_location":"Indonesia","country":"IDN","inhabited_since":"1482 AD","inhabited_since_year":1482}
{"id":"north-america-santo-domingo","city":"Santo Domingo","wikidata":"Q34820","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Dominican Republic","country":"DOM","inhabited_since":"1496 AD","inhabited_since_year":1496}
{"id":"north-america-san-juan","city":"San Juan","wikidata":"Q41211","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Puerto Rico","country":"PRI","inhabited_since":"1508 AD","inhabited_since_year":1508}
{"id":"north-america-nombre-de-dios-colon","city":"Nombre de Dios, Colón","wikidata":"Q1757376","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Panama","country":"PAN","inhabited_since":"1510 AD","inhabited_since_year":1510}
{"id":"north-america-baracoa","city":"Baracoa","wikidata":"Q94775","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Cuba","country":"CUB","inhabited_since":"1511 AD","inhabited_since_year":1511}
{"id":"south-america-cumana","city":"Cumaná","wikidata":"Q319476","region":"South America","historical_region":"New Granada","present_location":"Venezuela","country":"VEN","inhabited_since":"1515 AD","inhabited_since_year":1515}
{"id":"north-america-havana","city":"Havana","wikidata":"Q1563","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Cuba","country":"CUB","inhabited_since":"1519 AD","inhabited_since_year":1519}
{"id":"north-america-veracruz","city":"Veracruz","wikidata":"Q173270","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1519 AD","inhabited_since_year":1519}
{"id":"north-america-panama-city","city":"Panama City","wikidata":"Q3306","region":"North America","historical_region":"Cueva Civilisation. After European colonisation: New Spain","present_location":"Panama","country":"PAN","inhabited_since":"1519 AD","inhabited_since_year":1519}
{"id":"south-america-santa-marta","city":"Santa Marta","wikidata":"Q209016","region":"South America","historical_region":"New Granada","present_location":"Colombia","country":"COL","inhabited_since":"1525 AD","inhabited_since_year":1525}
{"id":"north-america-taxco","city":"Taxco","wikidata":"Q990095","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1529 AD","inhabited_since_year":1529}
{"id":"north-america-compostela","city":"Compostela","wikidata":"Q2651919","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1530 AD","inhabited_since_year":1530}
{"id":"north-america-queretaro","city":"Querétaro","wikidata":"Q173121","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain, Otomi people, Purépecha people","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1531 AD","inhabited_since_year":1531}
{"id":"north-america-puebla","city":"Puebla","wikidata":"Q125293","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1531 AD","inhabited_since_year":1531}
{"id":"north-america-tepic","city":"Tepic","wikidata":"Q207972","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1531 AD","inhabited_since_year":1531}
{"id":"north-america-culiacan","city":"Culiacán","wikidata":"Q211760","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1531 AD","inhabited_since_year":1531}
{"id":"south-america-cananeia","city":"Cananeia","wikidata":"Q1751347","region":"South America","historical_region":"Governorate General of Brazil","present_location":"Brazil","country":"BRA","inhabited_since":"1531 AD","inhabited_since_year":1531}
{"id":"south-america-sao-vicente-sao-paulo","city":"São Vicente, São Paulo","wikidata":"Q272254","region":"South America","historical_region":"Governorate General of Brazil","present_location":"Brazil","country":"BRA","inhabited_since":"1532 AD","inhabited_since_year":1532}
{"id":"south-america-piura","city":"Piura","wikidata":"Q223966","region":"South America","historical_region":"Peru","present_location":"Peru","country":"PER","inhabited_since":"1532 AD","inhabited_since_year":1532}
{"id":"south-america-lima","city":"Lima","wikidata":"Q2868","region":"South America","historical_region":"Peru","present_location":"Peru","country":"PER","inhabited_since":"1535 AD","inhabited_since_year":1535}
{"id":"south-america-vila-velha-espirito-santo","city":"Vila Velha, Espírito Santo","wikidata":"Q334197","region":"South America","historical_region":"Governorate General of Brazil","present_location":"Brazil","country":"BRA","inhabited_since":"1535 AD","inhabited_since_year":1535}
{"id":"south-america-cali","city":"Cali","wikidata":"Q51103","region":"South America","historical_region":"New Granada","present_location":"Colombia","country":"COL","inhabited_since":"1536 AD","inhabited_since_year":1536}
{"id":"south-america-asuncion","city":"Asunción","wikidata":"Q2933","region":"South America","historical_region":"Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata","present_location":"Paraguay","country":"PRY","inhabited_since":"1537 AD","inhabited_since_year":1537}
{"id":"south-america-iguape","city":"Iguape","wikidata":"Q1646941","region":"South America","historical_region":"Governorate General of Brazil","present_location":"Brazil","country":"BRA","inhabited_since":"1538 AD","inhabited_since_year":1538}
{"id":"north-america-campeche","city":"Campeche","wikidata":"Q61301","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1540 AD","inhabited_since_year":1540}
{"id":"south-america-bogota","city":"Bogotá","wikidata":"Q2841","region":"South America","historical_region":"New Granada","present_location":"Colombia","country":"COL","inhabited_since":"1540 AD","inhabited_since_year":1540}
{"id":"north-america-morelia","city":"Morelia","wikidata":"Q200252","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1541 AD","inhabited_since_year":1541}
{"id":"south-america-santiago","city":"Santiago","wikidata":"Q2887","region":"South America","historical_region":"Captaincy General of Chile","present_location":"Chile","country":"CHL","inhabited_since":"1541 AD","inhabited_since_year":1541}
{"id":"north-america-guadalajara","city":"Guadalajara","wikidata":"Q9022","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1542 AD","inhabited_since_year":1542}
{"id":"north-america-merida","city":"Mérida","wikidata":"Q165204","region":"North America","historical_region":"Maya civilization, New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1542 AD (as the Spanish city)","inhabited_since_year":1542}
{"id":"north-america-zacatecas","city":"Zacatecas","wikidata":"Q139242","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1548 AD","inhabited_since_year":1548}
{"id":"north-america-guanajuato","city":"Guanajuato","wikidata":"Q61306","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1548 AD","inhabited_since_year":1548}
{"id":"south-america-salvador","city":"Salvador","wikidata":"Q36947","region":"South America","historical_region":"Governorate General of Brazil","present_location":"Brazil","country":"BRA","inhabited_since":"1549 AD","inhabited_since_year":1549}
{"id":"north-america-acapulco","city":"Acapulco","wikidata":"Q81398","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"Mexico","country":"MEX","inhabited_since":"1550 AD","inhabited_since_year":1550}
{"id":"south-america-santiago-del-estero","city":"Santiago del Estero","wikidata":"Q44253","region":"South America","historical_region":"Río de la Plata","present_location":"Argentina","country":"ARG","inhabited_since":"1553 AD","inhabited_since_year":1553}
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{"id":"north-america-santa-fe","city":"Santa Fe","wikidata":"Q38555","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1607 AD","inhabited_since_year":1607}
{"id":"north-america-quebec-city","city":"Quebec City","wikidata":"Q2145","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1608 AD","inhabited_since_year":1608}
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{"id":"north-america-albany","city":"Albany","wikidata":"Q24861","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Netherland","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1624 AD","inhabited_since_year":1624}
{"id":"north-america-new-york-city","city":"New York City","wikidata":"Q60","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Netherland","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1624 AD","inhabited_since_year":1624}
{"id":"north-america-boston","city":"Boston","wikidata":"Q100","region":"North America","historical_region":"Massachusetts Bay Colony","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1625 AD","inhabited_since_year":1625}
{"id":"north-america-st-john-s","city":"St. John's","wikidata":"Q2082","region":"North America","historical_region":"Newfoundland","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"mid-1620s AD","inhabited_since_year":1625}
{"id":"north-america-port-royal-annapolis-royal","city":"Port Royal-Annapolis Royal","wikidata":"Q3398298","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1629 AD","inhabited_since_year":1629}
{"id":"north-america-saint-john","city":"Saint John","wikidata":"Q203403","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1631 AD","inhabited_since_year":1631}
{"id":"north-america-virginia-beach","city":"Virginia Beach","wikidata":"Q49259","region":"North America","historical_region":"Elizabeth City Shire","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1634 AD","inhabited_since_year":1634}
{"id":"north-america-trois-rivieres","city":"Trois-Rivières","wikidata":"Q44012","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1634 AD","inhabited_since_year":1634}
{"id":"north-america-montreal","city":"Montreal","wikidata":"Q340","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1642 AD","inhabited_since_year":1642}
{"id":"southern-africa-cape-town","city":"Cape Town","wikidata":"Q5465","region":"Southern Africa","historical_region":"Dutch East India Company","present_location":"South Africa","country":"ZAF","inhabited_since":"1652 AD","inhabited_since_year":1652}
{"id":"north-america-sault-ste-marie","city":"Sault Ste. Marie","wikidata":null,"region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"Canada and United States","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1668 AD","inhabited_since_year":1668}
{"id":"oceania-hagatna","city":"Hagåtña","wikidata":"Q30988","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Captaincy General of the Philippines","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1668 AD","inhabited_since_year":1668}
{"id":"north-america-philadelphia","city":"Philadelphia","wikidata":"Q1345","region":"North America","historical_region":"Province of Pennsylvania","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1681 AD","inhabited_since_year":1681}
{"id":"north-america-natchitoches","city":"Natchitoches","wikidata":"Q2278195","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1699 AD","inhabited_since_year":1699}
{"id":"north-america-detroit","city":"Detroit","wikidata":"Q12439","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1701 AD","inhabited_since_year":1701}
{"id":"north-america-san-antonio","city":"San Antonio","wikidata":"Q975","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1718 AD","inhabited_since_year":1718}
{"id":"north-america-new-orleans","city":"New Orleans","wikidata":"Q34404","region":"North America","historical_region":"New France","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1718 AD","inhabited_since_year":1718}
{"id":"north-america-winnipeg","city":"Winnipeg","wikidata":"Q2135","region":"North America","historical_region":"British America","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1738 AD","inhabited_since_year":1738}
{"id":"north-america-charlotte","city":"Charlotte","wikidata":"Q16565","region":"North America","historical_region":"Province of North Carolina","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1768 AD","inhabited_since_year":1768}
{"id":"north-america-san-diego","city":"San Diego","wikidata":"Q16552","region":"North America","historical_region":"New Spain","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1769 AD","inhabited_since_year":1769}
{"id":"oceania-sydney","city":"Sydney","wikidata":"Q3130","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"New South Wales","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1788 AD","inhabited_since_year":1788}
{"id":"oceania-hobart","city":"Hobart","wikidata":"Q40191","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Tasmania","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1803 AD","inhabited_since_year":1803}
{"id":"oceania-george-town","city":"George Town","wikidata":"Q382100","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Tasmania","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1804 AD","inhabited_since_year":1804}
{"id":"oceania-newcastle","city":"Newcastle","wikidata":"Q57278","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"New South Wales","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1804 AD","inhabited_since_year":1804}
{"id":"oceania-launceston","city":"Launceston","wikidata":"Q339527","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Tasmania","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1806 AD","inhabited_since_year":1806}
{"id":"oceania-papeete","city":"Papeete","wikidata":"Q130800","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Society Islands","present_location":"France","country":"FRA","inhabited_since":"1818 AD","inhabited_since_year":1818}
{"id":"oceania-kerikeri","city":"Kerikeri","wikidata":"Q1185949","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Northland","present_location":"New Zealand","country":"NZL","inhabited_since":"c. 1818 AD","inhabited_since_year":1818}
{"id":"oceania-levuka","city":"Levuka","wikidata":"Q26692","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Kubuna","present_location":"Fiji","country":"FJI","inhabited_since":"1820","inhabited_since_year":1820}
{"id":"oceania-lahaina","city":"Lahaina","wikidata":"Q1012971","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Hawaiian Kingdom","present_location":"United States","country":"USA","inhabited_since":"1823 AD","inhabited_since_year":1823}
{"id":"oceania-bluff","city":"Bluff","wikidata":"Q152028","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Southland","present_location":"New Zealand","country":"NZL","inhabited_since":"1824 AD","inhabited_since_year":1824}
{"id":"oceania-brisbane","city":"Brisbane","wikidata":"Q34932","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Queensland","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1825 AD","inhabited_since_year":1825}
{"id":"oceania-albany","city":"Albany","wikidata":"Q704257","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Western Australia","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1826 AD","inhabited_since_year":1826}
{"id":"oceania-perth","city":"Perth","wikidata":"Q3183","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Western Australia","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1829 AD","inhabited_since_year":1829}
{"id":"oceania-melbourne","city":"Melbourne","wikidata":"Q3141","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Victoria","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1835 AD","inhabited_since_year":1835}
{"id":"oceania-kingscote","city":"Kingscote","wikidata":"Q1361416","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"South Australia","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1836 AD","inhabited_since_year":1836}
{"id":"oceania-adelaide","city":"Adelaide","wikidata":"Q5112","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"South Australia","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1836 AD","inhabited_since_year":1836}
{"id":"oceania-geelong","city":"Geelong","wikidata":"Q231765","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Victoria","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1838 AD","inhabited_since_year":1838}
{"id":"oceania-wellington","city":"Wellington","wikidata":"Q23661","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Wellington Region","present_location":"New Zealand","country":"NZL","inhabited_since":"1839 AD","inhabited_since_year":1839}
{"id":"oceania-auckland","city":"Auckland","wikidata":"Q37100","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Auckland Region","present_location":"New Zealand","country":"NZL","inhabited_since":"1840 AD","inhabited_since_year":1840}
{"id":"north-america-victoria","city":"Victoria","wikidata":"Q2132","region":"North America","historical_region":"Colony of Vancouver Island","present_location":"Canada","country":"CAN","inhabited_since":"1843 AD","inhabited_since_year":1843}
{"id":"oceania-dunedin","city":"Dunedin","wikidata":"Q133073","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Otago Region","present_location":"New Zealand","country":"NZL","inhabited_since":"1848 AD","inhabited_since_year":1848}
{"id":"oceania-bendigo","city":"Bendigo","wikidata":"Q497793","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Victoria","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1851 AD","inhabited_since_year":1851}
{"id":"oceania-darwin","city":"Darwin","wikidata":"Q11568","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Northern Territory","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1869 AD","inhabited_since_year":1869}
{"id":"oceania-canberra","city":"Canberra","wikidata":"Q3114","region":"Oceania","historical_region":"Australian Capital Territory","present_location":"Australia","country":"AUS","inhabited_since":"1913 AD","inhabited_since_year":1913}
{"id":"west-africa-agadez","city":"Agadez","wikidata":"Q320049","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Songhai Empire","present_location":"Niger","country":"NER","inhabited_since":"11th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"west-africa-kano","city":"Kano","wikidata":"Q182984","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Kingdom of Kano","present_location":"Nigeria","country":"NGA","inhabited_since":"11th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"west-africa-timbuktu","city":"Timbuktu","wikidata":"Q9427","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Mali Empire, Songhai Empire","present_location":"Mali","country":"MLI","inhabited_since":"11th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"west-africa-lagos","city":"Lagos","wikidata":"Q8673","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Kingdom of Benin","present_location":"Nigeria","country":"NGA","inhabited_since":"16th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"west-africa-ouidah","city":"Ouidah","wikidata":"Q850031","region":"West Africa","historical_region":"Kingdom of Whydah","present_location":"Benin","country":"BEN","inhabited_since":"16th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"west-asia-vani","city":"Vani","wikidata":"Q1011003","region":"West Asia","historical_region":"Colchis","present_location":"Georgia","country":"GEO","inhabited_since":"before 8th century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-sialkot-sagala","city":"Sialkot (Sagala)","wikidata":"Q643883","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Punjab","present_location":"Pakistan","country":"PAK","inhabited_since":"4th century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-tamluk","city":"Tamluk","wikidata":"Q118278","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Tamralipta","present_location":"India","country":"IND","inhabited_since":"3rd century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"central-and-south-asia-lahore","city":"Lahore","wikidata":"Q11739","region":"Central and South Asia","historical_region":"Punjab","present_location":"Pakistan","country":"PAK","inhabited_since":"c. 1-7th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"east-asia-kashgar","city":"Kashgar","wikidata":"Q170521","region":"East Asia","historical_region":"Shule Kingdom","present_location":"China","country":"CHN","inhabited_since":"2nd century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"southeast-asia-bangkok","city":"Bangkok","wikidata":"Q1861","region":"Southeast Asia","historical_region":"Ayutthaya Kingdom","present_location":"Thailand","country":"THA","inhabited_since":"Early 15th century AD","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"europe-chania","city":"Chania","wikidata":"Q182299","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Crete","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"4th millennium BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"europe-nafplio","city":"Nafplio","wikidata":"Q202337","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Mycenaean Greece","present_location":"Greece","country":"GRC","inhabited_since":"Early 14th century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"europe-derbent","city":"Derbent","wikidata":"Q131416","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Caucasus","present_location":"Russia","country":"RUS","inhabited_since":"8th century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}
{"id":"europe-bilhorod-dnistrovskyi","city":"Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi","wikidata":"Q672990","region":"Europe","historical_region":"Budjak","present_location":"Ukraine","country":"UKR","inhabited_since":"6th century BC","inhabited_since_year":null}