Nobel Prize laureates

Source: https://aidb.si/d/nobel-laureates — Data from the Nobel Prize API (api.nobelprize.org), Nobel Prize Outreach. Country codes from Wikidata.

IDYearCategoryLaureateWikidataTypeFull nameGenderMotivationShareStatusBorn / foundedAge at award (years)Birth cityBirth country (then)Birth country (now)Birth countryDiedAffiliationAffiliation countryPrize amount (SEK)Prize amount (adjusted) (SEK)Nobel page
2026-physics-10642026PhysicsFrancis HalzenQ20942818PersonFrancis HalzenMalefor decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin1/1received1944-03-2382TienenBelgiumBelgiumBELUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonUSA1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2026/halzen/facts/
2026-chemistry-10652026ChemistryHenri B. KaganQ354979PersonHenri B. KaganMalefor the discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis1/2received1930-12-1595Boulogne-BillancourtFranceFranceFRAUniversité Paris-SudFrance1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2026/kagan/facts/
2026-chemistry-10662026ChemistryKenso SoaiQ24284511PersonKenso SoaiMalefor the discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis1/2received1950HiroshimaJapanJapanJPNTokyo University of ScienceJapan1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2026/soai/facts/
2026-medicine-10612026Physiology or MedicineKarl DeisserothQ935993PersonKarl DeisserothMalefor their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics1/3received1971-11-1854Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAHoward Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford UniversityUSA1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2026/deisseroth/facts/
2026-medicine-10622026Physiology or MedicinePeter HegemannQ2075526PersonPeter HegemannMalefor their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics1/3received1954-12-1171MünsterGermanyGermanyDEUHumboldt University of BerlinGermany1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2026/hegemann/facts/
2026-medicine-10632026Physiology or MedicineGeorg NagelQ1247068PersonGeorg NagelMalefor their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics1/3received1953-08-2473WeingartenGermanyGermanyDEUUniversity of WürzburgGermany1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2026/nagel/facts/
2026-literature-10672026LiteratureAnne CarsonQ2633699PersonAnne CarsonFemalefor her bold and inventive oeuvre that, in playful dialogue with the classical tradition, has created new forms for contemporary literature1/1received1950-06-2176TorontoCanadaCanadaCAN1200000012000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2026/carson/facts/
2025-physics-10502025PhysicsJohn ClarkeQ555849PersonJohn ClarkeMalefor the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit1/3received1942CambridgeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2025/clarke/facts/
2025-physics-10512025PhysicsMichel H. DevoretQ26703310PersonMichel H. DevoretMalefor the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit1/3received1953ParisFranceFranceFRAYale University; University of California; Google Quantum AIUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2025/devoret/facts/
2025-physics-10522025PhysicsJohn M. MartinisQ28976188PersonJohn M. MartinisMalefor the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit1/3received1958University of California; QolabUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2025/martinis/facts/
2025-chemistry-10532025ChemistrySusumu KitagawaQ11401680PersonSusumu KitagawaMalefor the development of metal–organic frameworks1/3received1951-07-0474KyotoJapanJapanJPNKyoto UniversityJapan1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2025/kitagawa/facts/
2025-chemistry-10542025ChemistryRichard RobsonQ23073819PersonRichard RobsonMalefor the development of metal–organic frameworks1/3received1937-06-0488GlusburnUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of MelbourneAustralia1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2025/robson/facts/
2025-chemistry-10552025ChemistryOmar M. YaghiQ743252PersonOmar M. YaghiMalefor the development of metal–organic frameworks1/3received1965-02-0960AmmanJordanJordanJORUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2025/yaghi/facts/
2025-medicine-10472025Physiology or MedicineMary E. BrunkowQ136445350PersonMary E. BrunkowFemalefor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance1/3received1961-04-2364Portland, ORUSAUSAUSAInstitute for Systems BiologyUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/brunkow/facts/
2025-medicine-10482025Physiology or MedicineFred RamsdellQ28212107PersonFrederick J. RamsdellMalefor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance1/3received1960-12-0464Elmhurst, ILUSAUSAUSASonoma BiotherapeuticsUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/ramsdell/facts/
2025-medicine-10492025Physiology or MedicineShimon SakaguchiQ17502433PersonShimon SakaguchiMalefor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance1/3received1951-01-1974Nagahama, ShigaJapanJapanJPNThe University of OsakaJapan1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/sakaguchi/facts/
2025-literature-10562025LiteratureLászló KrasznahorkaiQ512062PersonLászló KrasznahorkaiMalefor his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art1/1received1954-01-0571GyulaHungaryHungaryHUN1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2025/krasznahorkai/facts/
2025-peace-10572025PeaceMaria Corina MachadoQ439564PersonMaria Corina MachadoFemalefor her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy1/1received1967VenezuelaVenezuelaVEN1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2025/machado/facts/
2025-economic-sciences-10582025Economic SciencesJoel MokyrQ2899100PersonJoel MokyrMalefor having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress1/2received1946-07-2679Leidenthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLDNorthwestern University; Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv UniversityUSA; Israel1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2025/mokyr/facts/
2025-economic-sciences-10592025Economic SciencesPhilippe AghionQ376364PersonPhilippe AghionMalefor the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction1/4received1956-08-1769ParisFranceFranceFRACollège de France; INSEAD; London School of Economics and Political ScienceFrance; United Kingdom1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2025/aghion/facts/
2025-economic-sciences-10602025Economic SciencesPeter HowittQ7174757PersonPeter HowittMalefor the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction1/4received1946-05-3179CanadaCanadaCANBrown UniversityUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2025/howitt/facts/
2024-physics-10372024PhysicsJohn J. HopfieldQ391237PersonJohn J. HopfieldMalefor foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks1/2received1933-07-1591Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAPrinceton UniversityUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2024/hopfield/facts/
2024-physics-10382024PhysicsGeoffrey HintonQ92894PersonGeoffrey HintonMalefor foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks1/2received1947-12-0676LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of TorontoCanada1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2024/hinton/facts/
2024-chemistry-10392024ChemistryDavid BakerQ3814528PersonDavid BakerMalefor computational protein design1/2received1962Seattle, WAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Washington; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/baker/facts/
2024-chemistry-10402024ChemistryDemis HassabisQ3022141PersonDemis HassabisMalefor protein structure prediction1/4received1976-07-2748LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRGoogle DeepMindUnited Kingdom1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/hassabis/facts/
2024-chemistry-10412024ChemistryJohn JumperQ89620738PersonJohn JumperMalefor protein structure prediction1/4received1985Little Rock, ARUSAUSAUSAGoogle DeepMindUnited Kingdom1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/jumper/facts/
2024-medicine-10352024Physiology or MedicineVictor AmbrosQ983858PersonVictor AmbrosMalefor the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation1/2received1953-12-0170Hanover, NHUSAUSAUSAUMass Chan Medical SchoolUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2024/ambros/facts/
2024-medicine-10362024Physiology or MedicineGary RuvkunQ504021PersonGary RuvkunMalefor the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation1/2received1952Berkeley, CAUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical SchoolUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2024/ruvkun/facts/
2024-literature-10422024LiteratureHan KangQ5646626PersonHan KangFemalefor her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life1/1received1970-11-2753GwangjuSouth KoreaSouth KoreaKOR1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2024/han/facts/
2024-peace-10432024PeaceNihon HidankyoQ1989908Organizationfor its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again1/1received1956-08-10NagasakiJapanJapanJPN1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2024/nihon-hidankyo/facts/
2024-economic-sciences-10442024Economic SciencesDaron AcemogluQ718581PersonDaron AcemogluMalefor studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity1/3received1967-09-0357IstanbulTurkeyTurkeyTURMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/acemoglu/facts/
2024-economic-sciences-10452024Economic SciencesSimon JohnsonQ1461050PersonSimon Henry Roberts JohnsonMalefor studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity1/3received1963SheffieldUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/johnson/facts/
2024-economic-sciences-10462024Economic SciencesJames A. RobinsonQ19520018PersonJames A. RobinsonMalefor studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity1/3received1960University of ChicagoUSA1100000011000000https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/robinson/facts/
2023-physics-10262023PhysicsPierre AgostiniQ122921025PersonPierre AgostiniMalefor experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter1/3received1941-07-2382TunisFrench protectorate of TunisiaTunisiaTUNThe Ohio State UniversityUSA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/agostini/facts/
2023-physics-10272023PhysicsFerenc KrauszQ86970PersonFerenc KrauszMalefor experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter1/3received1962-05-1761MórHungaryHungaryHUNMax Planck Institute of Quantum Optics; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/krausz/facts/
2023-physics-10282023PhysicsAnne L’HuillierQ565544PersonAnne L’HuillierFemalefor experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter1/3received1958-08-1665ParisFranceFranceFRALund UniversitySweden1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/lhuillier/facts/
2023-chemistry-10292023ChemistryMoungi BawendiQ15433043PersonMoungi G. BawendiMalefor the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots1/3received1961ParisFranceFranceFRAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2023/bawendi/facts/
2023-chemistry-10302023ChemistryLouis BrusQ194646PersonLouis E. BrusMalefor the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots1/3received1943Cleveland, OHUSAUSAUSA2026-01-11Columbia UniversityUSA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2023/brus/facts/
2023-chemistry-10312023ChemistryAleksey YekimovQ1547368PersonAleksey YekimovMalefor the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots1/3received1945LeningradUSSRRussiaRUSNanocrystals Technology Inc.USA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2023/yekimov/facts/
2023-medicine-10242023Physiology or MedicineKatalin KarikóQ88608397PersonKatalin KarikóFemalefor their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-191/2received1955-01-1768SzolnokHungaryHungaryHUNSzeged University; University of PennsylvaniaHungary; USA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2023/kariko/facts/
2023-medicine-10252023Physiology or MedicineDrew WeissmanQ88608402PersonDrew WeissmanMalefor their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-191/2received1959-09-0764Lexington, MAUSAUSAUSAPenn Institute for RNA Innovations, University of PennsylvaniaUSA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2023/weissman/facts/
2023-literature-10322023LiteratureJon FosseQ443868PersonJon FosseMalefor his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable1/1received1959-09-2964HaugesundNorwayNorwayNOR1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2023/fosse/facts/
2023-peace-10332023PeaceNarges MohammadiQ4967771PersonNarges MohammadiFemalefor her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all1/1received1972-04-2151ZanjanIranIranIRN1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2023/mohammadi/facts/
2023-economic-sciences-10342023Economic SciencesClaudia GoldinQ1097475PersonClaudia GoldinFemalefor having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes1/1received1946-05-1477New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard UniversityUSA1100000011314967https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2023/goldin/facts/
2022-physics-10122022PhysicsAlain AspectQ364997PersonAlain AspectMalefor experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science1/3received1947-06-1575AgenFranceFranceFRAInstitut d’Optique Graduate School – Université Paris-Saclay; École PolytechniqueFrance1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/aspect/facts/
2022-physics-10132022PhysicsJohn ClauserQ1365270PersonJohn F. ClauserMalefor experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science1/3received1942-12-0179Pasadena, CAUSAUSAUSAJ.F. Clauser & Assoc.USA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/clauser/facts/
2022-physics-10142022PhysicsAnton ZeilingerQ78610PersonAnton ZeilingerMalefor experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science1/3received1945-05-2077Ried im InnkreisAustriaAustriaAUTUniversity of Vienna; Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of SciencesAustria1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/zeilinger/facts/
2022-chemistry-10152022ChemistryCarolyn BertozziQ7442PersonCarolyn R. BertozziFemalefor the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry1/3received1966-10-1055Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAStanford University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2022/bertozzi/facts/
2022-chemistry-10162022ChemistryMorten MeldalQ6914509PersonMorten MeldalMalefor the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry1/3received1954-01-1668CopenhagenDenmarkDenmarkDNKUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2022/meldal/facts/
2022-chemistry-7432022ChemistryK. Barry SharplessQ110925PersonK. Barry SharplessMalefor the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry1/3received1941-04-2881Philadelphia, PAUSAUSAUSAScripps ResearchUSA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2022/sharpless/facts/
2022-medicine-10112022Physiology or MedicineSvante PääboQ170342PersonSvante PääboMalefor his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution1/1received1955-04-2067StockholmSwedenSwedenSWEMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology; Leipzig UniversityGermany; Japan1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/paabo/facts/
2022-literature-10172022LiteratureAnnie ErnauxQ1153825PersonAnnie ErnauxFemalefor the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory1/1received1940-09-0182LillebonneFranceFranceFRA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2022/ernaux/facts/
2022-peace-10182022PeaceAles BialiatskiQ118263PersonAles BialiatskiMaleThe Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.1/3received1962-09-2560Vyartsilya, KareliaRussiaRussiaRUS1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2022/bialiatski/facts/
2022-peace-10192022PeaceMemorialQ851563OrganizationThe Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.1/3received1987MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2022/memorial/facts/
2022-peace-10202022PeaceCenter for Civil LibertiesQ114452906OrganizationThe Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.1/3received2007KyivUkraineUkraineUKR1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2022/center-for-civil-liberties/facts/
2022-economic-sciences-10212022Economic SciencesBen BernankeQ201795PersonBen S. BernankeMalefor research on banks and financial crises1/3received1953-12-1357Augusta, GAUSAUSAUSAThe Brookings InstitutionUSA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/bernanke/facts/
2022-economic-sciences-10222022Economic SciencesDouglas DiamondQ185871PersonDouglas W. DiamondMalefor research on banks and financial crises1/3received1953-10-2557Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/diamond/facts/
2022-economic-sciences-10232022Economic SciencesPhilip DybvigQ24565948PersonPhilip H. DybvigMalefor research on banks and financial crises1/3received1955-05-2256Gainesville, FLUSAUSAUSAWashington UniversityUSA1000000011162900https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/dybvig/facts/
2021-physics-9992021PhysicsSyukuro ManabeQ3675789PersonSyukuro ManabeMalefor the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming1/4received1931-09-2190Shingu, EhimeJapanJapanJPNPrinceton UniversityUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/manabe/facts/
2021-physics-10002021PhysicsKlaus HasselmannQ109370PersonKlaus HasselmannMalefor the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming1/4received1931-10-2589HamburgGermanyGermanyDEUMax Planck Institute for MeteorologyGermany1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/hasselmann/facts/
2021-physics-10012021PhysicsGiorgio ParisiQ1235614PersonGiorgio ParisiMalefor the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales1/2received1948-08-0473RomeItalyItalyITASapienza University of RomeItaly1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/parisi/facts/
2021-chemistry-10022021ChemistryBenjamin ListQ105572PersonBenjamin ListMalefor the development of asymmetric organocatalysis1/2received1968-01-1153Frankfurt-on-the-MainGermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungGermany1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/list/facts/
2021-chemistry-10032021ChemistryDavid W.C. MacMillanQ5237001PersonDavid W.C. MacMillanMalefor the development of asymmetric organocatalysis1/2received1968-03-1653BellshillUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRPrinceton UniversityUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/macmillan/facts/
2021-medicine-9972021Physiology or MedicineDavid JuliusQ1174906PersonDavid JuliusMalefor their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch1/2received1955-11-0465New York, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/julius/facts/
2021-medicine-9982021Physiology or MedicineArdem PatapoutianQ60322501PersonArdem PatapoutianMalefor their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch1/2received1967BeirutLebanonLebanonLBNScripps Research; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2021/patapoutian/facts/
2021-literature-10042021LiteratureAbdulrazak GurnahQ317877PersonAbdulrazak GurnahMalefor his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents1/1received19481000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2021/gurnah/facts/
2021-peace-10052021PeaceMaria RessaQ6761526PersonMaria RessaFemalefor their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace1/2received1963-10-0258ManilaPhilippinesPhilippinesPHL1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2021/ressa/facts/
2021-peace-10062021PeaceDmitry MuratovQ1823418PersonDmitry Andreyevich MuratovMalefor their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace1/2received1961-10-2959KubyshevUSSRRussiaRUS1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2021/muratov/facts/
2021-economic-sciences-10072021Economic SciencesDavid CardQ1173928PersonDavid CardMalefor his empirical contributions to labour economics1/2received1956GuelphCanadaCanadaCANUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/card/facts/
2021-economic-sciences-10082021Economic SciencesJoshua D. AngristQ921499PersonJoshua D. AngristMalefor their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships1/4received1960-09-1861Columbus, OHUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/angrist/facts/
2021-economic-sciences-10092021Economic SciencesGuido W. ImbensQ16730042PersonGuido W. ImbensMalefor their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships1/4received1963-09-0358Geldropthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLDStanford UniversityUSA1000000012096939https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/imbens/facts/
2020-physics-9882020PhysicsRoger PenroseQ193803PersonRoger PenroseMalefor the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity1/2received1931-08-0889ColchesterUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/penrose/facts/
2020-physics-9892020PhysicsReinhard GenzelQ65807PersonReinhard GenzelMalefor the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy1/4received1952-03-2468Bad Homburg vor der HöheGermanyGermanyDEUMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; University of CaliforniaGermany; USA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/genzel/facts/
2020-physics-9902020PhysicsAndrea GhezQ493956PersonAndrea GhezFemalefor the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy1/4received1965-06-1655New York, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/ghez/facts/
2020-chemistry-9912020ChemistryEmmanuelle CharpentierQ17280087PersonEmmanuelle CharpentierFemalefor the development of a method for genome editing1/2received1968-12-1151Juvisy-sur-OrgeFranceFranceFRAMax Planck Unit for the Science of PathogensGermany1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2020/charpentier/facts/
2020-chemistry-9922020ChemistryJennifer A. DoudnaQ56068PersonJennifer A. DoudnaFemalefor the development of a method for genome editing1/2received1964-02-1956Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2020/doudna/facts/
2020-medicine-9852020Physiology or MedicineHarvey J. AlterQ5677307PersonHarvey J. AlterMalefor the discovery of Hepatitis C virus1/3received1935-09-1285New York, NYUSAUSAUSANational Institutes of HealthUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2020/alter/facts/
2020-medicine-9862020Physiology or MedicineMichael HoughtonQ1927895PersonMichael HoughtonMalefor the discovery of Hepatitis C virus1/3received1949United KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of AlbertaCanada1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2020/houghton/facts/
2020-medicine-9872020Physiology or MedicineCharles M. RiceQ22669757PersonCharles M. RiceMalefor the discovery of Hepatitis C virus1/3received1952-08-2568Sacramento, CAUSAUSAUSARockefeller UniversityUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2020/rice/facts/
2020-literature-9932020LiteratureLouise GlückQ2344210PersonLouise GlückFemalefor her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal1/1received1943-04-2277New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2023-10-131000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2020/gluck/facts/
2020-peace-9942020PeaceWorld Food ProgrammeQ204344Organizationfor its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict1/1received19611000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2020/wfp/facts/
2020-economic-sciences-9952020Economic SciencesPaul R. MilgromQ1359990PersonPaul R. MilgromMalefor improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats1/2received1948-04-2072Detroit, MIUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2020/milgrom/facts/
2020-economic-sciences-9962020Economic SciencesRobert B. WilsonQ377265PersonRobert B. WilsonMalefor improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats1/2received1937-05-1683Geneva, NEUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA1000000012361835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2020/wilson/facts/
2019-physics-9732019PhysicsJames PeeblesQ728331PersonJames PeeblesMalefor theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology1/2received1935-04-2584WinnipegCanadaCanadaCANPrinceton UniversityUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/peebles/facts/
2019-physics-9742019PhysicsMichel MayorQ123975PersonMichel MayorMalefor the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star1/4received1942-01-1277LausanneSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/mayor/facts/
2019-physics-9752019PhysicsDidier QuelozQ124013PersonDidier QuelozMalefor the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star1/4received1966-02-2353GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEUniversity of Geneva; University of CambridgeSwitzerland; United Kingdom900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/queloz/facts/
2019-chemistry-9762019ChemistryJohn B. GoodenoughQ906529PersonJohn B. GoodenoughMalefor the development of lithium-ion batteries1/3received1922-07-2597JenaGermanyGermanyDEU2023-06-25University of TexasUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/goodenough/facts/
2019-chemistry-9772019ChemistryM. Stanley WhittinghamQ285062PersonM. Stanley WhittinghamMalefor the development of lithium-ion batteries1/3received1941-12-2277United KingdomUnited KingdomGBRBinghamton University, State University of New YorkUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/whittingham/facts/
2019-chemistry-9782019ChemistryAkira YoshinoQ4701206PersonAkira YoshinoMalefor the development of lithium-ion batteries1/3received1948-01-3071SuitaJapanJapanJPNAsahi Kasei Corporation; Meijo UniversityJapan900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2019/yoshino/facts/
2019-medicine-9702019Physiology or MedicineWilliam G. Kaelin JrQ1603351PersonWilliam G. Kaelin JrMalefor their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability1/3received1957-11-2361New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Brigham and Women's HospitalUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/kaelin/facts/
2019-medicine-9712019Physiology or MedicineSir Peter J. RatcliffeQ2075967PersonSir Peter J. RatcliffeMalefor their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability1/3received1954-05-1465LancashireUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of Oxford; Francis Crick InstituteUnited Kingdom900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/ratcliffe/facts/
2019-medicine-9722019Physiology or MedicineGregg L. SemenzaQ1545025PersonGregg L. SemenzaMalefor their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability1/3received1956-07-1263New York, NYUSAUSAUSAJohns Hopkins UniversityUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/semenza/facts/
2019-literature-9802019LiteraturePeter HandkeQ44107PersonPeter HandkeMalefor an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience1/1received1942-12-0676GriffenAustriaAustriaAUT900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2019/handke/facts/
2019-peace-9812019PeaceAbiy Ahmed AliQ50365049PersonAbiy Ahmed AliMalefor his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea1/1received1976-08-1543BeshashaEthiopiaEthiopiaETH900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/abiy/facts/
2019-economic-sciences-9822019Economic SciencesAbhijit BanerjeeQ320578PersonAbhijit BanerjeeMalefor their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty1/3received1961-02-2158MumbaiIndiaIndiaINDMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/banerjee/facts/
2019-economic-sciences-9832019Economic SciencesEsther DufloQ434509PersonEsther DufloFemalefor their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty1/3received1972-10-2546ParisFranceFranceFRAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/duflo/facts/
2019-economic-sciences-9842019Economic SciencesMichael KremerQ1635006PersonMichael KremerMalefor their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty1/3received1964-11-1254New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard UniversityUSA900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/kremer/facts/
2018-physics-9602018PhysicsArthur AshkinQ708472PersonArthur AshkinMalefor the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems1/2received1922-09-0296New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2020-09-21Bell LaboratoriesUSA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/ashkin/facts/
2018-physics-9612018PhysicsGérard MourouQ556543PersonGérard MourouMalefor their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses1/4received1944-06-2274AlbertvilleFranceFranceFRAÉcole Polytechnique; University of MichiganFrance; USA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/mourou/facts/
2018-physics-9622018PhysicsDonna StricklandQ56855591PersonDonna StricklandFemalefor their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses1/4received1959-05-2759GuelphCanadaCanadaCANUniversity of WaterlooCanada900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/strickland/facts/
2018-chemistry-9632018ChemistryFrances H. ArnoldQ4273363PersonFrances H. ArnoldFemalefor the directed evolution of enzymes1/2received1956-07-2562Pittsburgh, PAUSAUSAUSACalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/arnold/facts/
2018-chemistry-9642018ChemistryGeorge P. SmithQ56868017PersonGeorge P. SmithMalefor the phage display of peptides and antibodies1/4received1941-03-1077Norwalk, CTUSAUSAUSAUniversity of MissouriUSA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/smith/facts/
2018-chemistry-9652018ChemistrySir Gregory P. WinterQ1545000PersonSir Gregory P. WinterMalefor the phage display of peptides and antibodies1/4received1951-04-1467LeicesterUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/winter/facts/
2018-medicine-9582018Physiology or MedicineJames P. AllisonQ6140731PersonJames P. AllisonMalefor their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation1/2received1948-08-0770Alice, TXUSAUSAUSAParker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018/allison/facts/
2018-medicine-9592018Physiology or MedicineTasuku HonjoQ2395341PersonTasuku HonjoMalefor their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation1/2received1942-01-2776KyotoJapanJapanJPNKyoto UniversityJapan900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2018/honjo/facts/
2018-literature-9792018LiteratureOlga TokarczukQ254032PersonOlga TokarczukFemalefor a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life1/1received1962-01-2957SulechówPolandPolandPOL900000011178104https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2018/tokarczuk/facts/
2018-peace-9662018PeaceDenis MukwegeQ1187542PersonDenis MukwegeMalefor their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict1/2received1955-03-0163BukavuBelgian CongoDemocratic Republic of the CongoCOD900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2018/mukwege/facts/
2018-peace-9672018PeaceNadia MuradQ22007112PersonNadia Murad Basee TahaFemalefor their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict1/2received1993-03-1025KojoIraqIraqIRQ900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2018/murad/facts/
2018-economic-sciences-9682018Economic SciencesWilliam D. NordhausQ562481PersonWilliam D. NordhausMalefor integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis1/2received1941-05-3177Albuquerque, NMUSAUSAUSAYale UniversityUSA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/nordhaus/facts/
2018-economic-sciences-9692018Economic SciencesPaul M. RomerQ509262PersonPaul M. RomerMalefor integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis1/2received1955Denver, COUSAUSAUSANYU Stern School of BusinessUSA900000011380800https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2018/romer/facts/
2017-physics-9412017PhysicsRainer WeissQ2128461PersonRainer WeissMalefor decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves1/2received1932-09-2985BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU2025-08-25LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/weiss/facts/
2017-physics-9422017PhysicsBarry C. BarishQ15900993PersonBarry C. BarishMalefor decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves1/4received1936-01-2781Omaha, NEUSAUSAUSALIGO/VIRGO Collaboration; California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/barish/facts/
2017-physics-9432017PhysicsKip S. ThorneQ323320PersonKip S. ThorneMalefor decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves1/4received1940-06-0177Logan, UTUSAUSAUSALIGO/VIRGO Collaboration; California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/thorne/facts/
2017-chemistry-9442017ChemistryJacques DubochetQ41585344PersonJacques DubochetMalefor developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution1/3received1942-06-0875AigleSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/dubochet/facts/
2017-chemistry-9452017ChemistryJoachim FrankQ28833112PersonJoachim FrankMalefor developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution1/3received1940-09-1277SiegenGermanyGermanyDEUColumbia UniversityUSA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/frank/facts/
2017-chemistry-9462017ChemistryRichard HendersonQ1678456PersonRichard HendersonMalefor developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution1/3received1945-07-1972EdinburghScotlandScotlandGBRMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2017/henderson/facts/
2017-medicine-9382017Physiology or MedicineJeffrey C. HallQ1686435PersonJeffrey C. HallMalefor their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm1/3received1945-05-0372New York, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of MaineUSA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2017/hall/facts/
2017-medicine-9392017Physiology or MedicineMichael RosbashQ1297741PersonMichael RosbashMalefor their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm1/3received1944-03-0773Kansas City, MOUSAUSAUSABrandeis University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2017/rosbash/facts/
2017-medicine-9402017Physiology or MedicineMichael W. YoungQ1929672PersonMichael W. YoungMalefor their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm1/3received1949-03-2868Miami, FLUSAUSAUSARockefeller UniversityUSA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2017/young/facts/
2017-literature-9472017LiteratureKazuo IshiguroQ272855PersonKazuo IshiguroMalewho, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world1/1received1954-11-0862NagasakiJapanJapanJPN900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2017/ishiguro/facts/
2017-peace-9482017PeaceInternational Campaign to Abolish Nuclear WeaponsQ547940Organizationfor its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons1/1received2007AustraliaAustraliaAUS900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2017/ican/facts/
2017-economic-sciences-9492017Economic SciencesRichard H. ThalerQ371212PersonRichard H. ThalerMalefor his contributions to behavioural economics1/1received1945-09-1272East Orange, NJUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA900000011603589https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2017/thaler/facts/
2016-physics-9282016PhysicsDavid J. ThoulessQ726394PersonDavid J. ThoulessMalefor theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter1/2received1934-09-2182BearsdenUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2019-04-06University of WashingtonUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2016/thouless/facts/
2016-physics-9292016PhysicsF. Duncan M. HaldaneQ1002250PersonF. Duncan M. HaldaneMalefor theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter1/4received1951-09-1465LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRPrinceton UniversityUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2016/haldane/facts/
2016-physics-9302016PhysicsJ. Michael KosterlitzQ1700920PersonJ. Michael KosterlitzMalefor theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter1/4received1943-06-2273AberdeenUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRBrown UniversityUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2016/kosterlitz/facts/
2016-chemistry-9312016ChemistryJean-Pierre SauvageQ3169751PersonJean-Pierre SauvageMalefor the design and synthesis of molecular machines1/3received1944-10-2171ParisFranceFranceFRAUniversity of StrasbourgFrance800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/sauvage/facts/
2016-chemistry-9322016ChemistrySir J. Fraser StoddartQ376243PersonSir J. Fraser StoddartMalefor the design and synthesis of molecular machines1/3received1942-05-2474EdinburghUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2024-12-30Northwestern UniversityUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/stoddart/facts/
2016-chemistry-9332016ChemistryBernard L. FeringaQ3259614PersonBernard L. FeringaMalefor the design and synthesis of molecular machines1/3received1951-05-1865Barger-Compascuumthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLDUniversity of Groningenthe Netherlands800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/feringa/facts/
2016-medicine-9272016Physiology or MedicineYoshinori OhsumiQ8056214PersonYoshinori OhsumiMalefor his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy1/1received1945-02-0971FukuokaJapanJapanJPNTokyo Institute of TechnologyJapan800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2016/ohsumi/facts/
2016-literature-9372016LiteratureBob DylanQ392PersonBob DylanMalefor having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition1/1received1941-05-2475Duluth, MNUSAUSAUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2016/dylan/facts/
2016-peace-9342016PeaceJuan Manuel SantosQ57311PersonJuan Manuel SantosMalefor his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end1/1received1951-08-1065BogotáColombiaColombiaCOL800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2016/santos/facts/
2016-economic-sciences-9352016Economic SciencesOliver HartQ432890PersonOliver HartMalefor their contributions to contract theory1/2received1948-10-0968LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRHarvard UniversityUSA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2016/hart/facts/
2016-economic-sciences-9362016Economic SciencesBengt HolmströmQ354897PersonBengt HolmströmMalefor their contributions to contract theory1/2received1949-04-1867HelsinkiFinlandFinlandFINMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA800000010496956https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2016/holmstrom/facts/
2015-physics-9192015PhysicsTakaaki KajitaQ11538917PersonTakaaki KajitaMalefor the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass1/2received1959-03-0956HigashimatsuyamaJapanJapanJPNUniversity of TokyoJapan800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/kajita/facts/
2015-physics-9202015PhysicsArthur B. McDonaldQ710597PersonArthur B. McDonaldMalefor the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass1/2received1943-08-2972Sydney, Nova ScotiaCanadaCanadaCANQueen's UniversityCanada800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/mcdonald/facts/
2015-chemistry-9212015ChemistryTomas LindahlQ1886068PersonTomas LindahlMalefor mechanistic studies of DNA repair1/3received1938-01-2877StockholmSwedenSwedenSWEFrancis Crick Institute; Clare Hall LaboratoryUnited Kingdom800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2015/lindahl/facts/
2015-chemistry-9222015ChemistryPaul ModrichQ7151888PersonPaul ModrichMalefor mechanistic studies of DNA repair1/3received1946-06-1369Raton, NMUSAUSAUSAHoward Hughes Medical Institute; Duke University School of MedicineUSA800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2015/modrich/facts/
2015-chemistry-9232015ChemistryAziz SancarQ15118973PersonAziz SancarMalefor mechanistic studies of DNA repair1/3received1946-09-0869SavurTurkeyTurkeyTURUniversity of North CarolinaUSA800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2015/sancar/facts/
2015-medicine-9162015Physiology or MedicineWilliam C. CampbellQ21061212PersonWilliam C. CampbellMalefor their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites1/4received1930-06-2885RameltonIrelandIrelandIRLDrew UniversityUSA800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/campbell/facts/
2015-medicine-9172015Physiology or MedicineSatoshi ŌmuraQ21061207PersonSatoshi ŌmuraMalefor their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites1/4received1935-07-1280Yamanashi PrefectureJapanJapanJPNKitasato UniversityJapan800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/omura/facts/
2015-medicine-9182015Physiology or MedicineTu YouyouQ462843PersonTu YouyouFemalefor her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria1/2received1930-12-3084Zhejiang NingboChinaChinaCHNChina Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/tu/facts/
2015-literature-9242015LiteratureSvetlana AlexievichQ274334PersonSvetlana AlexievichFemalefor her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time1/1received1948-05-3167Ivano-FrankivskUkraineUkraineUKR800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2015/alexievich/facts/
2015-peace-9252015PeaceNational Dialogue QuartetQ21078159Organizationfor its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 20111/1received800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2015/tndq/facts/
2015-economic-sciences-9262015Economic SciencesAngus DeatonQ204078PersonAngus DeatonMalefor his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare1/1received1945-10-1969EdinburghScotlandScotlandGBRPrinceton UniversityUSA800000010602571https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2015/deaton/facts/
2014-physics-9062014PhysicsIsamu AkasakiQ1673706PersonIsamu AkasakiMalefor the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources1/3received1929-01-3085ChiranJapanJapanJPN2021-04-01Meijo University; Nagoya UniversityJapan800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/akasaki/facts/
2014-physics-9072014PhysicsHiroshi AmanoQ11443689PersonHiroshi AmanoMalefor the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources1/3received1960-09-1154HamamatsuJapanJapanJPNNagoya UniversityJapan800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/amano/facts/
2014-physics-9082014PhysicsShuji NakamuraQ730065PersonShuji NakamuraMalefor the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources1/3received1954-05-2260IkataJapanJapanJPNUniversity of CaliforniaUSA800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/nakamura/facts/
2014-chemistry-9092014ChemistryEric BetzigQ1351105PersonEric BetzigMalefor the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy1/3received1960-01-1354Ann Arbor, MIUSAUSAUSAJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2014/betzig/facts/
2014-chemistry-9102014ChemistryStefan W. HellQ91410PersonStefan W. HellMalefor the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy1/3received1962-12-2351AradRomaniaRomaniaROUMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; German Cancer Research CenterGermany800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2014/hell/facts/
2014-chemistry-9112014ChemistryWilliam E. MoernerQ1387059PersonWilliam E. MoernerMalefor the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy1/3received1953-06-2461Pleasanton, CAUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2014/moerner/facts/
2014-medicine-9032014Physiology or MedicineJohn O'KeefeQ1701279PersonJohn O'KeefeMalefor their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain1/2received1939-11-1874New York, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity CollegeUnited Kingdom800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/okeefe/facts/
2014-medicine-9042014Physiology or MedicineMay-Britt MoserQ6796222PersonMay-Britt MoserFemalefor their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain1/4received1963-01-0451FosnavågNorwayNorwayNORNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Norway800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/may-britt-moser/facts/
2014-medicine-9052014Physiology or MedicineEdvard I. MoserQ5341373PersonEdvard I. MoserMalefor their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain1/4received1962-04-2752ÅlesundNorwayNorwayNORNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Norway800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/edvard-moser/facts/
2014-literature-9122014LiteraturePatrick ModianoQ222944PersonPatrick ModianoMalefor the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation1/1received1945-07-3069ParisFranceFranceFRA800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2014/modiano/facts/
2014-peace-9132014PeaceKailash SatyarthiQ3442375PersonKailash SatyarthiMalefor their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education1/2received1954-01-1160VidishaIndiaIndiaIND800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2014/satyarthi/facts/
2014-peace-9142014PeaceMalala YousafzaiQ32732PersonMalala YousafzaiFemalefor their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education1/2received1997-07-1217MingoraPakistanPakistanPAK800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2014/yousafzai/facts/
2014-economic-sciences-9152014Economic SciencesJean TiroleQ173994PersonJean TiroleMalefor his analysis of market power and regulation1/1received1953-08-0961TroyesFranceFranceFRAToulouse School of Economics (TSE)France800000010596648https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2014/tirole/facts/
2013-physics-8872013PhysicsFrançois EnglertQ151746PersonFrançois EnglertMalefor the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider1/2received1932-11-0680EtterbeekBelgiumBelgiumBEL2026-06-18Université Libre de BruxellesBelgium800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/englert/facts/
2013-physics-8882013PhysicsPeter HiggsQ192112PersonPeter W. HiggsMalefor the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider1/2received1929-05-2984Newcastle upon TyneUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2024-04-08University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/higgs/facts/
2013-chemistry-8892013ChemistryMartin KarplusQ903471PersonMartin KarplusMalefor the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems1/3received1930-03-1583ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT2024-12-28Université de Strasbourg; Harvard UniversityFrance; USA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2013/karplus/facts/
2013-chemistry-8902013ChemistryMichael LevittQ6832227PersonMichael LevittMalefor the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems1/3received1947-05-0966PretoriaSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAFStanford University School of MedicineUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2013/levitt/facts/
2013-chemistry-8912013ChemistryArieh WarshelQ4790366PersonArieh WarshelMalefor the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems1/3received1940-11-2072Kibbutz Sde-NahumBritish Mandate of PalestineIsraelISRUniversity of Southern CaliforniaUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2013/warshel/facts/
2013-medicine-8842013Physiology or MedicineJames E. RothmanQ444270PersonJames E. RothmanMalefor their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells1/3received1950-11-0362Haverhill, MAUSAUSAUSAYale UniversityUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2013/rothman/facts/
2013-medicine-8852013Physiology or MedicineRandy W. SchekmanQ740638PersonRandy W. SchekmanMalefor their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells1/3received1948-12-3064St. Paul, MNUSAUSAUSAUniversity of California; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2013/schekman/facts/
2013-medicine-8862013Physiology or MedicineThomas C. SüdhofQ97270PersonThomas C. SüdhofMalefor their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells1/3received1955-12-2257GöttingenGermanyGermanyDEUStanford University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2013/sudhof/facts/
2013-literature-8922013LiteratureAlice MunroQ234819PersonAlice MunroFemalemaster of the contemporary short story1/1received1931-07-1082WinghamCanadaCanadaCAN2024-05-13800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2013/munro/facts/
2013-peace-8932013PeaceOrganisation for the Prohibition of Chemical WeaponsQ842490Organizationfor its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons1/1received1997800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2013/opcw/facts/
2013-economic-sciences-8942013Economic SciencesEugene F. FamaQ359317PersonEugene F. FamaMalefor their empirical analysis of asset prices1/3received1939-02-1474Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2013/fama/facts/
2013-economic-sciences-8952013Economic SciencesLars Peter HansenQ1386049PersonLars Peter HansenMalefor their empirical analysis of asset prices1/3received1952-10-2660Urbana, ILUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2013/hansen/facts/
2013-economic-sciences-8962013Economic SciencesRobert J. ShillerQ338151PersonRobert J. ShillerMalefor their empirical analysis of asset prices1/3received1946-03-2967Detroit, MIUSAUSAUSAYale UniversityUSA800000010578918https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2013/shiller/facts/
2012-physics-8762012PhysicsSerge HarocheQ109588PersonSerge HarocheMalefor ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems1/2received1944-09-1168CasablancaMoroccoMoroccoMARCollège de France; École Normale SupérieureFrance800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2012/haroche/facts/
2012-physics-8772012PhysicsDavid J. WinelandQ61045PersonDavid J. WinelandMalefor ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems1/2received1944-02-2468Milwaukee, WIUSAUSAUSANational Institute of Standards and Technology; University of ColoradoUSA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2012/wineland/facts/
2012-chemistry-8782012ChemistryRobert J. LefkowitzQ80910PersonRobert J. LefkowitzMalefor studies of G-protein-coupled receptors1/2received1943-04-1569New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHoward Hughes Medical Institute; Duke University Medical CenterUSA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2012/lefkowitz/facts/
2012-chemistry-8792012ChemistryBrian KobilkaQ80907PersonBrian K. KobilkaMalefor studies of G-protein-coupled receptors1/2received1955-05-3057Little Falls, MNUSAUSAUSAStanford University School of MedicineUSA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2012/kobilka/facts/
2012-medicine-8742012Physiology or MedicineSir John B. GurdonQ81218PersonSir John B. GurdonMalefor the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent1/2received1933-10-0279DippenhallUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2025-10-07Gurdon InstituteUnited Kingdom800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/gurdon/facts/
2012-medicine-8752012Physiology or MedicineShinya YamanakaQ80917PersonShinya YamanakaMalefor the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent1/2received1962-09-0450OsakaJapanJapanJPNKyoto University; Gladstone InstitutesJapan; USA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/yamanaka/facts/
2012-literature-8802012LiteratureMo YanQ8998PersonMo YanMalewho with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary1/1received1956-03-2556GaomiChinaChinaCHN800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2012/yan/facts/
2012-peace-8812012PeaceEuropean UnionQ458Organizationfor over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe1/1received1952800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2012/eu/facts/
2012-economic-sciences-8822012Economic SciencesAlvin E. RothQ28542PersonAlvin E. RothMalefor the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design1/2received1951-12-1860New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard University; Harvard Business SchoolUSA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2012/roth/facts/
2012-economic-sciences-8832012Economic SciencesLloyd S. ShapleyQ244739PersonLloyd S. ShapleyMalefor the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design1/2received1923-06-0289Cambridge, MAUSAUSAUSA2016-03-12University of CaliforniaUSA800000010573021https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2012/shapley/facts/
2011-physics-8642011PhysicsSaul PerlmutterQ106949PersonSaul PerlmutterMalefor the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae1/2received1959Champaign-Urbana, ILUSAUSAUSALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of CaliforniaUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2011/perlmutter/facts/
2011-physics-8652011PhysicsBrian P. SchmidtQ201452PersonBrian P. SchmidtMalefor the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae1/4received1967-02-2444Missoula, MTUSAUSAUSAAustralian National UniversityAustralia1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2011/schmidt/facts/
2011-physics-8662011PhysicsAdam G. RiessQ106454PersonAdam G. RiessMalefor the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae1/4received1969-12-1641Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSAJohns Hopkins University; Space Telescope Science InstituteUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2011/riess/facts/
2011-chemistry-8672011ChemistryDan ShechtmanQ44111PersonDan ShechtmanMalefor the discovery of quasicrystals1/1received1941-01-2470Tel AvivBritish Mandate of PalestineIsraelISRTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyIsrael1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2011/shechtman/facts/
2011-medicine-8612011Physiology or MedicineBruce A. BeutlerQ104592PersonBruce A. BeutlerMalefor their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity1/4received1957-12-2953Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; The Scripps Research InstituteUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2011/beutler/facts/
2011-medicine-8622011Physiology or MedicineJules A. HoffmannQ105605PersonJules A. HoffmannMalefor their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity1/4received1941-08-0270EchternachLuxembourgLuxembourgLUXUniversity of StrasbourgFrance1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2011/hoffmann/facts/
2011-medicine-8632011Physiology or MedicineRalph M. SteinmanQ105494PersonRalph M. SteinmanMalefor his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity1/2received1943-01-1468MontrealCanadaCanadaCAN2011-09-30Rockefeller UniversityUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2011/steinman/facts/
2011-literature-8682011LiteratureTomas TranströmerQ42122PersonTomas TranströmerMalebecause, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality1/1received1931-04-1580StockholmSwedenSwedenSWE2015-03-261000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2011/transtromer/facts/
2011-peace-8692011PeaceEllen Johnson SirleafQ43179PersonEllen Johnson SirleafFemalefor their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work1/3received1938-10-2972MonroviaLiberiaLiberiaLBR1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/johnson_sirleaf/facts/
2011-peace-8702011PeaceLeymah GboweeQ107037PersonLeymah GboweeFemalefor their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work1/3received1972-02-0139MonroviaLiberiaLiberiaLBR1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/gbowee/facts/
2011-peace-8712011PeaceTawakkol KarmanQ104622PersonTawakkol KarmanFemalefor their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work1/3received1979-02-0732Ta'izzYemenYemenYEM1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/facts/
2011-economic-sciences-8722011Economic SciencesThomas J. SargentQ107964PersonThomas J. SargentMalefor their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy1/2received1943-07-1968Pasadena, CAUSAUSAUSANew York UniversityUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2011/sargent/facts/
2011-economic-sciences-8732011Economic SciencesChristopher A. SimsQ109737PersonChristopher A. SimsMalefor their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy1/2received1942-10-2168Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA2026-03-14Princeton UniversityUSA1000000013335208https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2011/sims/facts/
2010-physics-8492010PhysicsAndre GeimQ104104PersonAndre GeimMalefor groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene1/2received1958-10-2151SochiRussiaRussiaRUSUniversity of ManchesterUnited Kingdom1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2010/geim/facts/
2010-physics-8502010PhysicsKonstantin NovoselovQ106494PersonKonstantin NovoselovMalefor groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene1/2received1974-08-2336Nizhny TagilRussiaRussiaRUSUniversity of ManchesterUnited Kingdom1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2010/novoselov/facts/
2010-chemistry-8512010ChemistryRichard F. HeckQ106471PersonRichard F. HeckMalefor palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis1/3received1931-08-1579Springfield, MAUSAUSAUSA2015-10-09University of DelawareUSA1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2010/heck/facts/
2010-chemistry-8522010ChemistryEi-ichi NegishiQ105927PersonEi-ichi NegishiMalefor palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis1/3received1935-07-1475ChangchunChinaChinaCHN2021-06-06Purdue UniversityUSA1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2010/negishi/facts/
2010-chemistry-8532010ChemistryAkira SuzukiQ105949PersonAkira SuzukiMalefor palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis1/3received1930-09-1280MukawaJapanJapanJPNHokkaido UniversityJapan1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2010/suzuki/facts/
2010-medicine-8482010Physiology or MedicineRobert G. EdwardsQ104913PersonRobert G. EdwardsMalefor the development of in vitro fertilization1/1received1925-09-2785BatleyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2013-04-10University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2010/edwards/facts/
2010-literature-8542010LiteratureMario Vargas LlosaQ39803PersonMario Vargas LlosaMalefor his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat1/1received1936-03-2874ArequipaPeruPeruPER2025-04-131000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2010/vargas_llosa/facts/
2010-peace-8552010PeaceLiu XiaoboQ41617PersonLiu XiaoboMalefor his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China1/1received1955-12-2854ChangchunChinaChinaCHN2017-07-131000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2010/xiaobo/facts/
2010-economic-sciences-8562010Economic SciencesPeter A. DiamondQ109570PersonPeter A. DiamondMalefor their analysis of markets with search frictions1/3received1940-04-2970New York, NYUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2010/diamond/facts/
2010-economic-sciences-8572010Economic SciencesDale T. MortensenQ109721PersonDale T. MortensenMalefor their analysis of markets with search frictions1/3received1939-02-0271Enterprise, ORUSAUSAUSA2014-01-09Northwestern University; Aarhus UniversityUSA; Denmark1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2010/mortensen/facts/
2010-economic-sciences-8582010Economic SciencesChristopher A. PissaridesQ109582PersonChristopher A. PissaridesMalefor their analysis of markets with search frictions1/3received1948-02-2062NicosiaCyprusCyprusCYPLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom1000000013681477https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2010/pissarides/facts/
2009-physics-8382009PhysicsCharles K. KaoQ16389PersonCharles Kuen KaoMalefor groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication1/2received1933-11-0475ShanghaiChinaChinaCHN2018-09-23Standard Telecommunication Laboratories; Chinese University of Hong KongUnited Kingdom; China1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2009/kao/facts/
2009-physics-8392009PhysicsWillard S. BoyleQ73058PersonWillard S. BoyleMalefor the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor1/4received1924-08-1985Amherst, NSCanadaCanadaCAN2011-05-07Bell LaboratoriesUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2009/boyle/facts/
2009-physics-8402009PhysicsGeorge E. SmithQ76373PersonGeorge E. SmithMalefor the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor1/4received1930-05-1079White Plains, NYUSAUSAUSA2025-05-28Bell LaboratoriesUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2009/smith/facts/
2009-chemistry-8412009ChemistryVenkatraman RamakrishnanQ60061PersonVenkatraman RamakrishnanMalefor studies of the structure and function of the ribosome1/3received1952Chidambaram, Tamil NaduIndiaIndiaINDMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/ramakrishnan/facts/
2009-chemistry-8422009ChemistryThomas A. SteitzQ109559PersonThomas A. SteitzMalefor studies of the structure and function of the ribosome1/3received1940-08-2369Milwaukee, WIUSAUSAUSA2018-08-23Yale University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/steitz/facts/
2009-chemistry-8432009ChemistryAda E. YonathQ7426PersonAda E. YonathFemalefor studies of the structure and function of the ribosome1/3received1939-06-2270JerusalemBritish Mandate of PalestineIsraelISR2026-08-31Weizmann Institute of ScienceIsrael1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/yonath/facts/
2009-medicine-8352009Physiology or MedicineElizabeth H. BlackburnQ26321PersonElizabeth H. BlackburnFemalefor the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase1/3received1948-11-2660Hobart, TasmaniaAustraliaAustraliaAUSUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2009/blackburn/facts/
2009-medicine-8362009Physiology or MedicineCarol W. GreiderQ26322PersonCarol W. GreiderFemalefor the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase1/3received1961-04-1548San Diego, CAUSAUSAUSAJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2009/greider/facts/
2009-medicine-8372009Physiology or MedicineJack W. SzostakQ104600PersonJack W. SzostakMalefor the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase1/3received1952-11-0956LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRHarvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2009/szostak/facts/
2009-literature-8442009LiteratureHerta MüllerQ38049PersonHerta MüllerFemalewho, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed1/1received1953-08-1756Nitzkydorf, BanatRomaniaRomaniaROU1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2009/muller/facts/
2009-peace-8452009PeaceBarack H. ObamaQ76PersonBarack Hussein ObamaMalefor his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples1/1received1961-08-0448Honolulu, HIUSAUSAUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2009/obama/facts/
2009-economic-sciences-8462009Economic SciencesElinor OstromQ153761PersonElinor OstromFemalefor her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons1/2received1933-08-0776Los Angeles, CAUSAUSAUSA2012-06-12Indiana University; Arizona State UniversityUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2009/ostrom/facts/
2009-economic-sciences-8472009Economic SciencesOliver E. WilliamsonQ232062PersonOliver E. WilliamsonMalefor his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm1/2received1932-09-2777Superior, WIUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000013857393https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2009/williamson/facts/
2008-physics-8262008PhysicsYoichiro NambuQ188120PersonYoichiro NambuMalefor the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics1/2received1921-01-1887TokyoJapanJapanJPN2015-07-05Enrico Fermi Institute, University of ChicagoUSA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/nambu/facts/
2008-physics-8272008PhysicsMakoto KobayashiQ202164PersonMakoto KobayashiMalefor the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature1/4received1944-04-0764NagoyaJapanJapanJPNHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Japan1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/kobayashi/facts/
2008-physics-8282008PhysicsToshihide MaskawaQ202168PersonToshihide MaskawaMalefor the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature1/4received1940-02-0768NagoyaJapanJapanJPN2021-07-23Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto UniversityJapan1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/maskawa/facts/
2008-chemistry-8292008ChemistryOsamu ShimomuraQ205345PersonOsamu ShimomuraMalefor the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP1/3received1928-08-2780KyotoJapanJapanJPN2018-10-19Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL); Boston University Medical SchoolUSA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/shimomura/facts/
2008-chemistry-8302008ChemistryMartin ChalfieQ106699PersonMartin ChalfieMalefor the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP1/3received1947-01-1561Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAColumbia UniversityUSA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/chalfie/facts/
2008-chemistry-8312008ChemistryRoger Y. TsienQ200470PersonRoger Y. TsienMalefor the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP1/3received1952-02-0156New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2016-08-24University of California; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/tsien/facts/
2008-medicine-8232008Physiology or MedicineHarald zur HausenQ75847PersonHarald zur HausenMalefor his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer1/2received1936-03-1172GelsenkirchenGermanyGermanyDEU2023-05-28German Cancer Research CenterGermany1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2008/hausen/facts/
2008-medicine-8242008Physiology or MedicineFrançoise Barré-SinoussiQ103844PersonFrançoise Barré-SinoussiFemalefor their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus1/4received1947-07-3061ParisFranceFranceFRARegulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut PasteurFrance1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2008/barre-sinoussi/facts/
2008-medicine-8252008Physiology or MedicineLuc MontagnierQ103598PersonLuc MontagnierMalefor their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus1/4received1932-08-1876ChabrisFranceFranceFRA2022-02-08World Foundation for AIDS Research and PreventionFrance1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2008/montagnier/facts/
2008-literature-8322008LiteratureJean-Marie Gustave Le ClézioQ7884119PersonJean-Marie Gustave Le ClézioMaleauthor of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization1/1received1940-04-1368NiceFranceFranceFRA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2008/clezio/facts/
2008-peace-8332008PeaceMartti AhtisaariQ29230PersonMartti AhtisaariMalefor his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts1/1received1937-06-2371ViipuriFinlandFinlandFIN2023-10-161000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2008/ahtisaari/facts/
2008-economic-sciences-8342008Economic SciencesPaul KrugmanQ131112PersonPaul KrugmanMalefor his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity1/1received1953-02-2855New York, NYUSAUSAUSAPrinceton UniversityUSA1000000013817016https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2008/krugman/facts/
2007-physics-8142007PhysicsAlbert FertQ153219PersonAlbert FertMalefor the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance1/2received1938-03-0769CarcassonneFranceFranceFRAUniversité Paris-Sud; Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALESFrance1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/fert/facts/
2007-physics-8152007PhysicsPeter GrünbergQ57120PersonPeter GrünbergMalefor the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance1/2received1939-05-1868PlzenCzechoslovakiaCzech RepublicCZE2018-04-09Forschungszentrum JülichGermany1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/grunberg/facts/
2007-chemistry-8162007ChemistryGerhard ErtlQ60066PersonGerhard ErtlMalefor his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces1/1received1936-10-1071Bad CannstattGermanyGermanyDEUFritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftGermany1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2007/ertl/facts/
2007-medicine-8112007Physiology or MedicineMario R. CapecchiQ215574PersonMario R. CapecchiMalefor their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells1/3received1937-10-0670VeronaItalyItalyITAUniversity of Utah; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2007/capecchi/facts/
2007-medicine-8122007Physiology or MedicineSir Martin J. EvansQ207719PersonSir Martin J. EvansMalefor their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells1/3received1941-01-0166StroudUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRCardiff UniversityUnited Kingdom1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2007/evans/facts/
2007-medicine-8132007Physiology or MedicineOliver SmithiesQ216318PersonOliver SmithiesMalefor their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells1/3received1925-06-2382HalifaxUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2017-01-10University of North CarolinaUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2007/smithies/facts/
2007-literature-8172007LiteratureDoris LessingQ40874PersonDoris LessingFemalethat epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny1/1received1919-10-2287KermanshahPersiaIranIRN2013-11-171000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2007/lessing/facts/
2007-peace-8182007PeaceIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeQ171183Organizationfor their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change1/2received1988New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/ipcc/facts/
2007-peace-8192007PeaceAl GoreQ19673PersonAlbert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.Malefor their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change1/2received1948-03-3159Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/gore/facts/
2007-economic-sciences-8202007Economic SciencesLeonid HurwiczQ157262PersonLeonid HurwiczMalefor having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory1/3received1917-08-2190MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS2008-06-24University of MinnesotaUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2007/hurwicz/facts/
2007-economic-sciences-8212007Economic SciencesEric S. MaskinQ233051PersonEric S. MaskinMalefor having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory1/3received1950-12-1256New York, NYUSAUSAUSAInstitute for Advanced StudyUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2007/maskin/facts/
2007-economic-sciences-8222007Economic SciencesRoger B. MyersonQ232949PersonRoger B. MyersonMalefor having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory1/3received1951-03-2956Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA1000000014291742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2007/myerson/facts/
2006-physics-8042006PhysicsJohn C. MatherQ104651PersonJohn C. MatherMalefor their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation1/2received1946-08-0760Roanoke, VAUSAUSAUSANASA Goddard Space Flight CenterUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2006/mather/facts/
2006-physics-8052006PhysicsGeorge F. SmootQ179572PersonGeorge F. SmootMalefor their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation1/2received1945-02-2061Yukon, FLUSAUSAUSA2025-09-18University of CaliforniaUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2006/smoot/facts/
2006-chemistry-8062006ChemistryRoger D. KornbergQ170676PersonRoger D. KornbergMalefor his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription1/1received1947-04-2459St. Louis, MOUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2006/kornberg/facts/
2006-medicine-8022006Physiology or MedicineAndrew Z. FireQ202152PersonAndrew Z. FireMalefor their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA1/2received1959-04-2747Stanford, CAUSAUSAUSAStanford University School of MedicineUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2006/fire/facts/
2006-medicine-8032006Physiology or MedicineCraig C. MelloQ206455PersonCraig C. MelloMalefor their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA1/2received1960-10-1845New Haven, CTUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2006/mello/facts/
2006-literature-8082006LiteratureOrhan PamukQ241248PersonOrhan PamukMalewho in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures1/1received1952-06-0754IstanbulTurkeyTurkeyTUR1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2006/pamuk/facts/
2006-peace-8092006PeaceMuhammad YunusQ43969PersonMuhammad YunusMalefor their efforts to create economic and social development from below1/2received1940-06-2866ChittagongBritish IndiaBangladeshBGD1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2006/yunus/facts/
2006-peace-8102006PeaceGrameen BankQ188567Organizationfor their efforts to create economic and social development from below1/2received1976DhakaBangladeshBangladeshBGD1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2006/grameen/facts/
2006-economic-sciences-8072006Economic SciencesEdmund S. PhelpsQ192566PersonEdmund S. PhelpsMalefor his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy1/1received1933-07-2673Evanston, ILUSAUSAUSA2026-05-15Columbia UniversityUSA1000000014608749https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2006/phelps/facts/
2005-physics-7912005PhysicsRoy J. GlauberQ64188PersonRoy J. GlauberMalefor his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence1/2received1925-09-0180New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2018-12-26Harvard UniversityUSA1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2005/glauber/facts/
2005-physics-7922005PhysicsJohn L. HallQ206390PersonJohn L. HallMalefor their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique1/4received1934-08-2171Denver, COUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Colorado, JILA; National Institute of Standards and TechnologyUSA1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2005/hall/facts/
2005-physics-7932005PhysicsTheodor W. HänschQ71013PersonTheodor W. HänschMalefor their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique1/4received1941-10-3063HeidelbergGermanyGermanyDEUMax Planck Institute of Quantum Optics; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2005/hansch/facts/
2005-chemistry-7942005ChemistryYves ChauvinQ202146PersonYves ChauvinMalefor the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis1/3received1930-10-1074MeninBelgiumBelgiumBEL2015-01-27Institut Français du PétroleFrance1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2005/chauvin/facts/
2005-chemistry-7952005ChemistryRobert H. GrubbsQ202140PersonRobert H. GrubbsMalefor the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis1/3received1942-02-2763Possum Trot, KYUSAUSAUSA2021-12-19California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2005/grubbs/facts/
2005-chemistry-7962005ChemistryRichard R. SchrockQ202159PersonRichard R. SchrockMalefor the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis1/3received1945-01-0460Berne, INUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2005/schrock/facts/
2005-medicine-7892005Physiology or MedicineBarry J. MarshallQ202136PersonBarry J. MarshallMalefor their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease1/2received1951-09-3054KalgoorlieAustraliaAustraliaAUSNHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre; University of Western AustraliaAustralia1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2005/marshall/facts/
2005-medicine-7902005Physiology or MedicineJ. Robin WarrenQ208670PersonJ. Robin WarrenMalefor their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease1/2received1937-06-1168AdelaideAustraliaAustraliaAUS2024-07-231000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2005/warren/facts/
2005-literature-8012005LiteratureHarold PinterQ41042PersonHarold PinterMalewho in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms1/1received1930-10-1075LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2008-12-241000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2005/pinter/facts/
2005-peace-7972005PeaceInternational Atomic Energy AgencyQ41984Organizationfor their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way1/2received1957ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/iaea/facts/
2005-peace-7982005PeaceMohamed ElBaradeiQ133308PersonMohamed ElBaradeiMalefor their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way1/2received1942-06-1763CairoEgyptEgyptEGY1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/elbaradei/facts/
2005-economic-sciences-7992005Economic SciencesRobert J. AumannQ157235PersonRobert J. AumannMalefor having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis1/2received1930-06-0875Frankfurt-on-the-MainGermanyGermanyDEUUniversity of Jerusalem, Center for RationalityHebrewIsrael1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2005/aumann/facts/
2005-economic-sciences-8002005Economic SciencesThomas C. SchellingQ206460PersonThomas C. SchellingMalefor having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis1/2received1921-04-1484Oakland, CAUSAUSAUSA2016-12-13University of Maryland, Department of Economics and School of Public PolicyUSA1000000014809494https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2005/schelling/facts/
2004-physics-7762004PhysicsDavid J. GrossQ40262PersonDavid J. GrossMalefor the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction1/3received1941-02-1963Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSAUniversity of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical PhysicsUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/gross/facts/
2004-physics-7772004PhysicsH. David PolitzerQ107407PersonH. David PolitzerMalefor the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction1/3received1949-08-3155New York, NYUSAUSAUSACalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/politzer/facts/
2004-physics-7782004PhysicsFrank WilczekQ107450PersonFrank WilczekMalefor the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction1/3received1951-05-1553New York, NYUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/wilczek/facts/
2004-chemistry-7792004ChemistryAaron CiechanoverQ233205PersonAaron CiechanoverMalefor the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation1/3received1947-10-0157HaifaBritish Protectorate of PalestineIsraelISRTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyIsrael1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2004/ciechanover/facts/
2004-chemistry-7802004ChemistryAvram HershkoQ232302PersonAvram HershkoMalefor the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation1/3received1937-12-3166KarcagHungaryHungaryHUNTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyIsrael1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2004/hershko/facts/
2004-chemistry-7812004ChemistryIrwin RoseQ230652PersonIrwin RoseMalefor the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation1/3received1926-07-1678Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2015-06-03University of CaliforniaUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2004/rose/facts/
2004-medicine-7742004Physiology or MedicineRichard AxelQ211940PersonRichard AxelMalefor their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system1/2received1946-07-0258New York, NYUSAUSAUSAColumbia UniversityUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2004/axel/facts/
2004-medicine-7752004Physiology or MedicineLinda B. BuckQ200136PersonLinda B. BuckFemalefor their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system1/2received1947-01-2957Seattle, WAUSAUSAUSAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2004/buck/facts/
2004-literature-7822004LiteratureElfriede JelinekQ47243PersonElfriede JelinekFemalefor her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power1/1received1946-10-2057MürzzuschlagAustriaAustriaAUT1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2004/jelinek/facts/
2004-peace-7832004PeaceWangari MaathaiQ46795PersonWangari Muta MaathaiFemalefor her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace1/1received1940-04-0164NyeriKenyaKenyaKEN2011-09-251000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/maathai/facts/
2004-economic-sciences-7862004Economic SciencesFinn E. KydlandQ211097PersonFinn E. KydlandMalefor their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles1/2received1943-12-0160GjesdalNorwayNorwayNORCarnegie Mellon University; University of CaliforniaUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2004/kydland/facts/
2004-economic-sciences-7872004Economic SciencesEdward C. PrescottQ312585PersonEdward C. PrescottMalefor their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles1/2received1940-12-2663Glens Falls, NYUSAUSAUSA2022-11-06Arizona State University; Federal Reserve Bank of MinneapolisUSA1000000014874529https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2004/prescott/facts/
2003-physics-7662003PhysicsAlexei AbrikosovQ188128PersonAlexei Alexeyevich AbrikosovMalefor pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids1/3received1928-06-2575MoscowUSSRRussiaRUS2017-03-29Argonne National LaboratoryUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/abrikosov/facts/
2003-physics-7672003PhysicsVitaly L. GinzburgQ104668PersonVitaly Lazarevich GinzburgMalefor pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids1/3received1916-10-0487MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS2009-11-08P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteRussia1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/ginzburg/facts/
2003-physics-7682003PhysicsAnthony J. LeggettQ192718PersonAnthony J. LeggettMalefor pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids1/3received1938-03-2665LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2026-03-08University of IllinoisUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/leggett/facts/
2003-chemistry-7692003ChemistryPeter AgreQ102250PersonPeter AgreMalefor the discovery of water channels1/2received1949-01-3054Northfield, MNUSAUSAUSAJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2003/agre/facts/
2003-chemistry-7702003ChemistryRoderick MacKinnonQ211482PersonRoderick MacKinnonMalefor structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels1/2received1956-02-1947Burlington, MAUSAUSAUSARockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2003/mackinnon/facts/
2003-medicine-7642003Physiology or MedicinePaul C. LauterburQ106547PersonPaul C. LauterburMalefor their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging1/2received1929-05-0674Sidney, OHUSAUSAUSA2007-03-27University of IllinoisUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2003/lauterbur/facts/
2003-medicine-7652003Physiology or MedicineSir Peter MansfieldQ243601PersonSir Peter MansfieldMalefor their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging1/2received1933-10-0969LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2017-02-08University of Nottingham, School of Physics and AstronomyUnited Kingdom1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2003/mansfield/facts/
2003-literature-7632003LiteratureJ. M. CoetzeeQ43293PersonJohn M. CoetzeeMalewho in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider1/1received1940-02-0963Cape TownSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2003/coetzee/facts/
2003-peace-7732003PeaceShirin EbadiQ131152PersonShirin EbadiFemalefor her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children1/1received1947-06-2156HamadanIranIranIRN1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2003/ebadi/facts/
2003-economic-sciences-7712003Economic SciencesRobert F. Engle IIIQ295653PersonRobert F. Engle IIIMalefor methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)1/2received1942-11-1060Syracuse, NYUSAUSAUSANew York UniversityUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2003/engle/facts/
2003-economic-sciences-7722003Economic SciencesClive W.J. GrangerQ312575PersonClive W.J. GrangerMalefor methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)1/2received1934-09-0469SwanseaUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2009-05-27University of CaliforniaUSA1000000014930730https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2003/granger/facts/
2002-physics-7532002PhysicsRaymond Davis Jr.Q175519PersonRaymond Davis Jr.Malefor pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos1/4received1914-10-1487Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA2006-05-31University of PennsylvaniaUSA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/davis/facts/
2002-physics-7542002PhysicsMasatoshi KoshibaQ155773PersonMasatoshi KoshibaMalefor pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos1/4received1926-09-1976ToyohashiJapanJapanJPN2020-11-12University of TokyoJapan1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/koshiba/facts/
2002-physics-7552002PhysicsRiccardo GiacconiQ186481PersonRiccardo GiacconiMalefor pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources1/2received1931-10-0671GenoaItalyItalyITA2018-12-16Associated Universities Inc.USA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/giacconi/facts/
2002-chemistry-7562002ChemistryJohn B. FennQ106738PersonJohn B. FennMalefor their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules1/4received1917-06-1585New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2010-12-10Virginia Commonwealth UniversityUSA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2002/fenn/facts/
2002-chemistry-7572002ChemistryKoichi TanakaQ110963PersonKoichi TanakaMalefor their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules1/4received1959-08-0343Toyama CityJapanJapanJPNShimadzu Corp.Japan1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2002/tanaka/facts/
2002-chemistry-7582002ChemistryKurt WüthrichQ110957PersonKurt WüthrichMalefor his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution1/2received1938-10-0464AarbergSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology); The Scripps Research InstituteSwitzerland; USA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2002/wuthrich/facts/
2002-medicine-7502002Physiology or MedicineSydney BrennerQ234463PersonSydney BrennerMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death1/3received1927-01-1375GermistonSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF2019-04-05The Molecular Sciences InstituteUSA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2002/brenner/facts/
2002-medicine-7512002Physiology or MedicineH. Robert HorvitzQ295659PersonH. Robert HorvitzMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death1/3received1947-05-0855Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2002/horvitz/facts/
2002-medicine-7522002Physiology or MedicineJohn E. SulstonQ271532PersonJohn E. SulstonMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death1/3received1942-03-2760FulmerUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2018-03-06The Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteUnited Kingdom1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2002/sulston/facts/
2002-literature-7612002LiteratureImre KertészQ47755PersonImre KertészMalefor writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history1/1received1929-11-0972BudapestHungaryHungaryHUN2016-03-311000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2002/kertesz/facts/
2002-peace-7622002PeaceJimmy CarterQ23685PersonJames Earl CarterMalefor his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development1/1received1924-10-0178Plains, GAUSAUSAUSA2024-12-291000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2002/carter/facts/
2002-economic-sciences-7592002Economic SciencesDaniel KahnemanQ233950PersonDaniel KahnemanMalefor having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty1/2received1934-03-0568Tel AvivBritish Mandate of PalestineIsraelISR2024-03-27Princeton UniversityUSA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/kahneman/facts/
2002-economic-sciences-7602002Economic SciencesVernon L. SmithQ295717PersonVernon L. SmithMalefor having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms1/2received1927-01-0175Wichita, KSUSAUSAUSAGeorge Mason UniversityUSA1000000015218228https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/smith/facts/
2001-physics-7382001PhysicsEric CornellQ205954PersonEric A. CornellMalefor the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates1/3received1961-12-1939Palo Alto, CAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Colorado, JILAUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/cornell/facts/
2001-physics-7392001PhysicsWolfgang KetterleQ76462PersonWolfgang KetterleMalefor the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates1/3received1957-10-2143HeidelbergWest GermanyGermanyDEUMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/ketterle/facts/
2001-physics-7402001PhysicsCarl WiemanQ206379PersonCarl E. WiemanMalefor the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates1/3received1951-03-2650Corvallis, ORUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Colorado, JILAUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/wieman/facts/
2001-chemistry-7412001ChemistryWilliam KnowlesQ110947PersonWilliam S. KnowlesMalefor their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions1/4received1917-06-0184Taunton, MAUSAUSAUSA2012-06-131000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/knowles/facts/
2001-chemistry-7422001ChemistryRyoji NoyoriQ157210PersonRyoji NoyoriMalefor their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions1/4received1938-09-0363KobeJapanJapanJPNNagoya UniversityJapan1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/noyori/facts/
2001-chemistry-7432001ChemistryK. Barry SharplessQ110925PersonK. Barry SharplessMalefor his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions1/2received1941-04-2860Philadelphia, PAUSAUSAUSAThe Scripps Research InstituteUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/sharpless/facts/
2001-medicine-7352001Physiology or MedicineLeland HartwellQ295869PersonLeland H. HartwellMalefor their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle1/3received1939-10-3061Los Angeles, CAUSAUSAUSAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/hartwell/facts/
2001-medicine-7362001Physiology or MedicineTim HuntQ309977PersonTim HuntMalefor their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle1/3received1943-02-1958NestonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRImperial Cancer Research FundUnited Kingdom1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/hunt/facts/
2001-medicine-7372001Physiology or MedicineSir Paul NurseQ219716PersonSir Paul M. NurseMalefor their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle1/3received1949-01-2552NorwichUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRImperial Cancer Research FundUnited Kingdom1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/nurse/facts/
2001-literature-7472001LiteratureV. S. NaipaulQ44593PersonSir Vidiadhar Surajprasad NaipaulMalefor having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories1/1received1932-08-1769ChaguanasTrinidad and TobagoTrinidad and TobagoTTO2018-08-111000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2001/naipaul/facts/
2001-peace-7482001PeaceUnited NationsQ1065Organizationfor their work for a better organized and more peaceful world1/2received1945New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2001/un/facts/
2001-peace-7492001PeaceKofi AnnanQ1254PersonKofi Atta AnnanMalefor their work for a better organized and more peaceful world1/2received1938-04-0863KumasiGold CoastGhanaGHA2018-08-181000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2001/annan/facts/
2001-economic-sciences-7442001Economic SciencesGeorge A. AkerlofQ222541PersonGeorge A. AkerlofMalefor their analyses of markets with asymmetric information1/3received1940-06-1761New Haven, CTUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/akerlof/facts/
2001-economic-sciences-7452001Economic SciencesA. Michael SpenceQ157245PersonA. Michael SpenceMalefor their analyses of markets with asymmetric information1/3received1943-11-0757Montclair, NJUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/facts/
2001-economic-sciences-7462001Economic SciencesJoseph E. StiglitzQ18430PersonJoseph E. StiglitzMalefor their analyses of markets with asymmetric information1/3received1943-02-0958Gary, INUSAUSAUSAColumbia UniversityUSA1000000015547541https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/stiglitz/facts/
2000-physics-7262000PhysicsZhores AlferovQ183279PersonZhores I. AlferovMalefor developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics1/4received1930-03-1570Vitebsk, BelorussiaUSSRBelarusBLR2019-03-01A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical InstituteRussia900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/alferov/facts/
2000-physics-7272000PhysicsHerbert KroemerQ71016PersonHerbert KroemerMalefor developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics1/4received1928-08-2572WeimarGermanyGermanyDEU2024-03-08University of CaliforniaUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kroemer/facts/
2000-physics-7282000PhysicsJack KilbyQ182031PersonJack S. KilbyMalefor his part in the invention of the integrated circuit1/2received1923-11-0876Jefferson City, MOUSAUSAUSA2005-06-20Texas InstrumentsUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kilby/facts/
2000-chemistry-7292000ChemistryAlan HeegerQ106751PersonAlan J. HeegerMalefor the discovery and development of conductive polymers1/3received1936-01-2264Sioux City, IAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2000/heeger/facts/
2000-chemistry-7302000ChemistryAlan MacDiarmidQ110942PersonAlan G. MacDiarmidMalefor the discovery and development of conductive polymers1/3received1927-04-1473MastertonNew ZealandNew ZealandNZL2007-02-07University of PennsylvaniaUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2000/macdiarmid/facts/
2000-chemistry-7312000ChemistryHideki ShirakawaQ110916PersonHideki ShirakawaMalefor the discovery and development of conductive polymers1/3received1936-08-2064TokyoJapanJapanJPN2026-08-24University of TsukubaJapan900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2000/shirakawa/facts/
2000-medicine-7222000Physiology or MedicineArvid CarlssonQ298045PersonArvid CarlssonMalefor their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system1/3received1923-01-2577UppsalaSwedenSwedenSWE2018-06-29Göteborg UniversitySweden900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/carlsson/facts/
2000-medicine-7232000Physiology or MedicinePaul GreengardQ309979PersonPaul GreengardMalefor their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system1/3received1925-12-1174New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2019-04-13Rockefeller UniversityUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/greengard/facts/
2000-medicine-7242000Physiology or MedicineEric KandelQ155529PersonEric R. KandelMalefor their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system1/3received1929-11-0770ViennaAustriaAustriaAUTColumbia UniversityUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/kandel/facts/
2000-literature-7342000LiteratureGao XingjianQ18143PersonGao XingjianMalefor an œuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama1/1received1940-01-0460GanzhouChinaChinaCHN900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2000/gao/facts/
2000-peace-7252000PeaceKim Dae-jungQ45785PersonKim Dae-jungMalefor his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular1/1received1924-01-0876MokpoKoreaSouth KoreaKOR2009-08-18900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2000/dae-jung/facts/
2000-economic-sciences-7322000Economic SciencesJames J. HeckmanQ312561PersonJames J. HeckmanMalefor his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples1/2received1944-04-1956Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ChicagoUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2000/heckman/facts/
2000-economic-sciences-7332000Economic SciencesDaniel L. McFaddenQ312560PersonDaniel L. McFaddenMalefor his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice1/2received1937-07-2963Raleigh, NCUSAUSAUSAUniversity of CaliforniaUSA900000014331095https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2000/mcfadden/facts/
1999-physics-1581999PhysicsGerardus 't HooftQ184592PersonGerardus 't HooftMalefor elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics1/2received1946-07-0553Den Helderthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLDUtrecht Universitythe Netherlands790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/thooft/facts/
1999-physics-1591999PhysicsMartinus J.G. VeltmanQ202149PersonMartinus J.G. VeltmanMalefor elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics1/2received1931-06-2768Waalwijkthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD2021-01-04790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/veltman/facts/
1999-chemistry-2921999ChemistryAhmed ZewailQ106624PersonAhmed H. ZewailMalefor his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy1/1received1946-02-2653DamanhurEgyptEgyptEGY2016-08-02California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1999/zewail/facts/
1999-medicine-4611999Physiology or MedicineGünter BlobelQ60108PersonGünter BlobelMalefor the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell1/1received1936-05-2163WaltersdorfGermanyPolandPOL2018-02-18Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1999/blobel/facts/
1999-literature-6761999LiteratureGünter GrassQ6538PersonGünter GrassMalewhose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history1/1received1927-10-1671DanzigFree City of DanzigPolandPOL2015-04-13790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1999/grass/facts/
1999-peace-5681999PeaceDoctors Without BordersQ49330Organizationin recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents1/1received1971ParisFranceFranceFRA790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1999/msf/facts/
1999-economic-sciences-7201999Economic SciencesRobert MundellQ219721PersonRobert A. MundellMalefor his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas1/1received1932-10-2466Kingston, ONCanadaCanadaCAN2021-04-04Columbia UniversityUSA790000012707531https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1999/mundell/facts/
1998-physics-1551998PhysicsRobert B. LaughlinQ189997PersonRobert B. LaughlinMalefor their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations1/3received1950-11-0147Visalia, CAUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/laughlin/facts/
1998-physics-1561998PhysicsHorst L. StörmerQ71015PersonHorst L. StörmerMalefor their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations1/3received1949-04-0649Frankfurt-on-the-MainWest GermanyGermanyDEUColumbia UniversityUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/stormer/facts/
1998-physics-1571998PhysicsDaniel C. TsuiQ202138PersonDaniel C. TsuiMalefor their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations1/3received1939-02-2859HenanChinaChinaCHNPrinceton UniversityUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/tsui/facts/
1998-chemistry-2901998ChemistryWalter KohnQ78510PersonWalter KohnMalefor his development of the density-functional theory1/2received1923-03-0975ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT2016-04-19University of CaliforniaUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1998/kohn/facts/
1998-chemistry-2911998ChemistryJohn PopleQ233973PersonJohn A. PopleMalefor his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry1/2received1925-10-3172Burnham-on-SeaUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2004-03-15Northwestern UniversityUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1998/pople/facts/
1998-medicine-4581998Physiology or MedicineRobert F. FurchgottQ108880PersonRobert F. FurchgottMalefor their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system1/3received1916-06-0482Charleston, SCUSAUSAUSA2009-05-19SUNY Health Science CenterUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1998/furchgott/facts/
1998-medicine-4591998Physiology or MedicineLouis J. IgnarroQ309820PersonLouis J. IgnarroMalefor their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system1/3received1941-05-3157Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of California School of MedicineUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1998/ignarro/facts/
1998-medicine-4601998Physiology or MedicineFerid MuradQ295999PersonFerid MuradMalefor their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system1/3received1936-09-1462Whiting, INUSAUSAUSA2023-09-04University of Texas Medical School at HoustonUSA760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1998/murad/facts/
1998-literature-6751998LiteratureJosé SaramagoQ37060PersonJosé SaramagoMalewho with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality1/1received1922-11-1675AzinhagaPortugalPortugalPRT2010-06-18760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1998/saramago/facts/
1998-peace-5661998PeaceJohn HumeQ193630PersonJohn HumeMalefor their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland1/2received1937-01-1861LondonderryNorthern IrelandNorthern IrelandGBR2020-08-03760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1998/hume/facts/
1998-peace-5671998PeaceDavid TrimbleQ192556PersonDavid TrimbleMalefor their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland1/2received1944-10-1554BelfastNorthern IrelandNorthern IrelandGBR2022-07-25760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1998/trimble/facts/
1998-economic-sciences-7191998Economic SciencesAmartya SenQ132489PersonAmartya SenMalefor his contributions to welfare economics1/1received1933-11-0364SantiniketanIndiaIndiaINDTrinity CollegeUnited Kingdom760000012283299https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/facts/
1997-physics-1521997PhysicsSteven ChuQ172466PersonSteven ChuMalefor development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light1/3received1948-02-2849St. Louis, MOUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/chu/facts/
1997-physics-1531997PhysicsClaude Cohen-TannoudjiQ190697PersonClaude Cohen-TannoudjiMalefor development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light1/3received1933-04-0164ConstantineFrench AlgeriaAlgeriaDZACollège de France; École Normale SupérieureFrance750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/cohen-tannoudji/facts/
1997-physics-1541997PhysicsWilliam D. PhillipsQ190756PersonWilliam D. PhillipsMalefor development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light1/3received1948-11-0548Wilkes-Barre, PAUSAUSAUSANational Institute of Standards and TechnologyUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/phillips/facts/
1997-chemistry-2871997ChemistryPaul D. BoyerQ102395PersonPaul D. BoyerMalefor their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)1/4received1918-07-3179Provo, UTUSAUSAUSA2018-06-02University of CaliforniaUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1997/boyer/facts/
1997-chemistry-2881997ChemistryJohn E. WalkerQ235184PersonJohn E. WalkerMalefor their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)1/4received1941-01-0756HalifaxUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1997/walker/facts/
1997-chemistry-2891997ChemistryJens C. SkouQ1687170PersonJens C. SkouMalefor the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase1/2received1918-10-0879LemvigDenmarkDenmarkDNK2018-05-28Aarhus UniversityDenmark750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1997/skou/facts/
1997-medicine-4571997Physiology or MedicineStanley B. PrusinerQ155380PersonStanley B. PrusinerMalefor his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection1/1received1942-05-2855Des Moines, IAUSAUSAUSAUniversity of California School of MedicineUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1997/prusiner/facts/
1997-literature-6741997LiteratureDario FoQ765PersonDario FoMalewho emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden1/1received1926-03-2471Leggiuno-SangianoItalyItalyITA2016-10-13750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1997/fo/facts/
1997-peace-5641997PeaceInternational Campaign to Ban LandminesQ325523Organizationfor their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines1/2received1992USAUSAUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1997/icbl/facts/
1997-peace-5651997PeaceJody WilliamsQ211239PersonJody WilliamsFemalefor their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines1/2received1950-10-0947Rutland, VTUSAUSAUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1997/williams/facts/
1997-economic-sciences-7171997Economic SciencesRobert C. MertonQ287542PersonRobert C. MertonMalefor a new method to determine the value of derivatives1/2received1944-07-3153New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard UniversityUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1997/merton/facts/
1997-economic-sciences-7181997Economic SciencesMyron ScholesQ295647PersonMyron S. ScholesMalefor a new method to determine the value of derivatives1/2received1941-07-0156Timmins, ONCanadaCanadaCANLong Term Capital ManagementUSA750000012105174https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1997/scholes/facts/
1996-physics-1491996PhysicsDavid M. LeeQ201853PersonDavid M. LeeMalefor their discovery of superfluidity in helium-31/3received1931-01-2065Rye, NYUSAUSAUSACornell UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/lee/facts/
1996-physics-1501996PhysicsDouglas D. OsheroffQ206405PersonDouglas D. OsheroffMalefor their discovery of superfluidity in helium-31/3received1945-08-0151Aberdeen, WAUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/osheroff/facts/
1996-physics-1511996PhysicsRobert C. RichardsonQ192708PersonRobert C. RichardsonMalefor their discovery of superfluidity in helium-31/3received1937-06-2659Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA2013-02-19Cornell UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/richardson/facts/
1996-chemistry-2841996ChemistryRobert F. Curl Jr.Q110930PersonRobert F. Curl Jr.Malefor their discovery of fullerenes1/3received1933-08-2363Alice, TXUSAUSAUSA2022-07-03Rice UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/curl/facts/
1996-chemistry-2851996ChemistrySir Harold KrotoQ157250PersonSir Harold W. KrotoMalefor their discovery of fullerenes1/3received1939-10-0757Wisbech, CambridgeshireUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2016-04-30University of SussexUnited Kingdom740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/kroto/facts/
1996-chemistry-2861996ChemistryRichard E. SmalleyQ106746PersonRichard E. SmalleyMalefor their discovery of fullerenes1/3received1943-06-0653Akron, OHUSAUSAUSA2005-10-28Rice UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/smalley/facts/
1996-medicine-4551996Physiology or MedicinePeter C. DohertyQ309814PersonPeter C. DohertyMalefor their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence1/2received1940-10-1555BrisbaneAustraliaAustraliaAUSSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1996/doherty/facts/
1996-medicine-4561996Physiology or MedicineRolf M. ZinkernagelQ116064PersonRolf M. ZinkernagelMalefor their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence1/2received1944-01-0652BaselSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEUniversity of Zurich, Institute of Experimental ImmunologySwitzerland740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1996/zinkernagel/facts/
1996-literature-6731996LiteratureWisława SzymborskaQ42552PersonWisława SzymborskaFemalefor poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality1/1received1923-07-0273BninPolandPolandPOL2012-02-01740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1996/szymborska/facts/
1996-peace-5621996PeaceCarlos Filipe Ximenes BeloQ234001PersonCarlos Filipe Ximenes BeloMalefor their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor1/2received1948-02-0348WailacamaEast TimorEast TimorTLS740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1996/belo/facts/
1996-peace-5631996PeaceJosé Ramos-HortaQ11665PersonJosé Ramos-HortaMalefor their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor1/2received1949-12-2646DiliEast TimorEast TimorTLS740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1996/ramos-horta/facts/
1996-economic-sciences-7151996Economic SciencesJames A. MirrleesQ176643PersonJames A. MirrleesMalefor their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information1/2received1936-07-0560MinnigaffScotlandScotlandGBR2018-08-29University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1996/mirrlees/facts/
1996-economic-sciences-7161996Economic SciencesWilliam VickreyQ295673PersonWilliam VickreyMalefor their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information1/2received1914-06-2182Victoria, BCCanadaCanadaCAN1996-10-11Columbia UniversityUSA740000012000958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1996/vickrey/facts/
1995-physics-1471995PhysicsMartin L. PerlQ107416PersonMartin L. PerlMalefor the discovery of the tau lepton1/2received1927-06-2468New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2014-09-30Stanford UniversityUSA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/perl/facts/
1995-physics-1481995PhysicsFrederick ReinesQ191922PersonFrederick ReinesMalefor the detection of the neutrino1/2received1918-03-1677Paterson, NJUSAUSAUSA1998-08-26University of CaliforniaUSA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/reines/facts/
1995-chemistry-2811995ChemistryPaul J. CrutzenQ135139PersonPaul J. CrutzenMalefor their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone1/3received1933-12-0361Amsterdamthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD2021-01-28Max-Planck-Institut für ChemieGermany720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/crutzen/facts/
1995-chemistry-2821995ChemistryMario J. MolinaQ19045PersonMario J. MolinaMalefor their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone1/3received1943-03-1952Mexico CityMexicoMexicoMEX2020-10-07Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/molina/facts/
1995-chemistry-2831995ChemistryF. Sherwood RowlandQ111190PersonF. Sherwood RowlandMalefor their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone1/3received1927-06-2868Delaware, OHUSAUSAUSA2012-03-10University of CaliforniaUSA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/rowland/facts/
1995-medicine-4521995Physiology or MedicineEdward B. LewisQ274123PersonEdward B. LewisMalefor their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development1/3received1918-05-2077Wilkes-Barre, PAUSAUSAUSA2004-07-21California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/lewis/facts/
1995-medicine-4531995Physiology or MedicineChristiane Nüsslein-VolhardQ77174PersonChristiane Nüsslein-VolhardFemalefor their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development1/3received1942-10-2052MagdeburgGermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für EntwicklungsbiologieGermany720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/nusslein-volhard/facts/
1995-medicine-4541995Physiology or MedicineEric F. WieschausQ301438PersonEric F. WieschausMalefor their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development1/3received1947-06-0848South Bend, INUSAUSAUSAPrinceton UniversityUSA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/wieschaus/facts/
1995-literature-6721995LiteratureSeamus HeaneyQ93356PersonSeamus HeaneyMalefor works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past1/1received1939-04-1356CasteldàwsonNorthern IrelandNorthern IrelandGBR2013-08-30720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1995/heaney/facts/
1995-peace-5601995PeaceJoseph RotblatQ219982PersonJoseph RotblatMalefor their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms1/2received1908-11-0486WarsawRussian EmpirePolandPOL2005-08-31720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1995/rotblat/facts/
1995-peace-5611995PeacePugwash Conferences on Science and World AffairsQ381282Organizationfor their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms1/2received1957PugwashCanadaCanadaCAN720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1995/pugwash/facts/
1995-economic-sciences-7141995Economic SciencesRobert E. Lucas Jr.Q107264PersonRobert E. Lucas Jr.Malefor having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy1/1received1937-09-1558Yakima, WAUSAUSAUSA2023-05-15University of ChicagoUSA720000011732784https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1995/lucas/facts/
1994-physics-1451994PhysicsBertram N. BrockhouseQ192689PersonBertram N. BrockhouseMalefor the development of neutron spectroscopy1/2received1918-07-1576Lethbridge, AlbertaCanadaCanadaCAN2003-10-13McMaster UniversityCanada700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/brockhouse/facts/
1994-physics-1461994PhysicsClifford G. ShullQ201506PersonClifford G. ShullMalefor the development of the neutron diffraction technique1/2received1915-09-2379Pittsburgh, PAUSAUSAUSA2001-03-31Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/shull/facts/
1994-chemistry-2801994ChemistryGeorge A. OlahQ192603PersonGeorge A. OlahMalefor his contribution to carbocation chemistry1/1received1927-05-2267BudapestHungaryHungaryHUN2017-03-08University of Southern CaliforniaUSA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1994/olah/facts/
1994-medicine-4501994Physiology or MedicineAlfred G. GilmanQ296423PersonAlfred G. GilmanMalefor their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells1/2received1941-07-0153New Haven, CTUSAUSAUSA2015-12-23University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasUSA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1994/gilman/facts/
1994-medicine-4511994Physiology or MedicineMartin RodbellQ60031PersonMartin RodbellMalefor their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells1/2received1925-12-0168Baltimore, MDUSAUSAUSA1998-12-07National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesUSA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1994/rodbell/facts/
1994-literature-6711994LiteratureKenzaburo OeQ80095PersonKenzaburo OeMalewho with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today1/1received1935-01-3159UchikoJapanJapanJPN2023-03-03700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1994/oe/facts/
1994-peace-5571994PeaceYasser ArafatQ34211PersonYasser ArafatMalefor their efforts to create peace in the Middle East1/3received1929-08-2465CairoEgyptEgyptEGY2004-11-11700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/arafat/facts/
1994-peace-5581994PeaceShimon PeresQ57410PersonShimon PeresMalefor their efforts to create peace in the Middle East1/3received1923-08-1671VishnevaPolandBelarusBLR2016-09-28700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/peres/facts/
1994-peace-5591994PeaceYitzhak RabinQ34060PersonYitzhak RabinMalefor their efforts to create peace in the Middle East1/3received1922-03-0172JerusalemBritish Mandate of PalestineIsraelISR1995-11-04700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/facts/
1994-economic-sciences-7111994Economic SciencesJohn C. HarsanyiQ272510PersonJohn C. HarsanyiMalefor their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games1/3received1920-05-2974BudapestHungaryHungaryHUN2000-08-09University of CaliforniaUSA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/harsanyi/facts/
1994-economic-sciences-7121994Economic SciencesJohn F. Nash Jr.Q128736PersonJohn F. Nash Jr.Malefor their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games1/3received1928-06-1366Bluefield, WVUSAUSAUSA2015-05-23Princeton UniversityUSA700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/nash/facts/
1994-economic-sciences-7131994Economic SciencesReinhard SeltenQ12830PersonReinhard SeltenMalefor their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games1/3received1930-10-0564BreslauGermanyPolandPOL2016-08-23Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitätGermany700000011696265https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/selten/facts/
1993-physics-1431993PhysicsRussell A. HulseQ156286PersonRussell A. HulseMalefor the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation1/2received1950-11-2842New York, NYUSAUSAUSAPrinceton UniversityUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/hulse/facts/
1993-physics-1441993PhysicsJoseph H. Taylor Jr.Q192685PersonJoseph H. Taylor Jr.Malefor the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation1/2received1941-03-2952Philadelphia, PAUSAUSAUSAPrinceton UniversityUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/taylor/facts/
1993-chemistry-2781993ChemistryKary B. MullisQ157224PersonKary B. MullisMalefor his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method1/2received1944-12-2848Lenoir, NCUSAUSAUSA2019-08-07670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1993/mullis/facts/
1993-chemistry-2791993ChemistryMichael SmithQ232289PersonMichael SmithMalefor his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies1/2received1932-04-2661BlackpoolUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2000-10-04University of British ColumbiaCanada670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1993/smith/facts/
1993-medicine-4481993Physiology or MedicineRichard J. RobertsQ309816PersonRichard J. RobertsMalefor their discoveries of split genes1/2received1943-09-0650DerbyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRNew England BiolabsUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1993/roberts/facts/
1993-medicine-4491993Physiology or MedicinePhillip A. SharpQ312977PersonPhillip A. SharpMalefor their discoveries of split genes1/2received1944-06-0649Falmouth, KYUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer ResearchUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1993/sharp/facts/
1993-literature-6701993LiteratureToni MorrisonQ72334PersonToni MorrisonFemalewho in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality1/1received1931-02-1862Lorain, OHUSAUSAUSA2019-08-05670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1993/morrison/facts/
1993-peace-5551993PeaceNelson MandelaQ8023PersonNelson Rolihlahla MandelaMalefor their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa1/2received1918-07-1875MvezoSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF2013-12-05670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/mandela/facts/
1993-peace-5561993PeaceF.W. de KlerkQ151813PersonFrederik Willem de KlerkMalefor their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa1/2received1936-03-1857JohannesburgSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF2021-11-11670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/klerk/facts/
1993-economic-sciences-7091993Economic SciencesRobert W. FogelQ237821PersonRobert W. FogelMalefor having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change1/2received1927-07-0166New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2013-06-11University of ChicagoUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/fogel/facts/
1993-economic-sciences-7101993Economic SciencesDouglass C. NorthQ243193PersonDouglass C. NorthMalefor having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change1/2received1920-11-0572Cambridge, MAUSAUSAUSA2015-11-23Washington UniversityUSA670000011436789https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/north/facts/
1992-physics-1421992PhysicsGeorges CharpakQ153178PersonGeorges CharpakMalefor his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber1/1received1924-08-0168DabrovicaPolandPolandPOL2010-09-29École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie; CERNFrance; Switzerland650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/charpak/facts/
1992-chemistry-2771992ChemistryRudolph A. MarcusQ239067PersonRudolph A. MarcusMalefor his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems1/1received1923-07-2169MontrealCanadaCanadaCAN2026-07-16California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1992/marcus/facts/
1992-medicine-4461992Physiology or MedicineEdmond H. FischerQ109726PersonEdmond H. FischerMalefor their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism1/2received1920-04-0672ShanghaiChinaChinaCHN2021-08-27University of WashingtonUSA650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1992/fischer/facts/
1992-medicine-4471992Physiology or MedicineEdwin G. KrebsQ109731PersonEdwin G. KrebsMalefor their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism1/2received1918-06-0674Lansing, IAUSAUSAUSA2009-12-21University of WashingtonUSA650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1992/krebs/facts/
1992-literature-6691992LiteratureDerek WalcottQ132701PersonDerek WalcottMalefor a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment1/1received1930-01-2362CastriesSaint LuciaSaint LuciaLCA2017-03-17650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1992/walcott/facts/
1992-peace-5541992PeaceRigoberta Menchú TumQ188620PersonRigoberta Menchú TumFemalefor her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples1/1received1959-01-0933Aldea ChimelGuatemalaGuatemalaGTM650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1992/tum/facts/
1992-economic-sciences-7081992Economic SciencesGary BeckerQ191020PersonGary S. BeckerMalefor having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour1/1received1930-12-0261Pottsville, PAUSAUSAUSA2014-05-03University of ChicagoUSA650000011613791https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1992/becker/facts/
1991-physics-1411991PhysicsPierre-Gilles de GennesQ187224PersonPierre-Gilles de GennesMalefor discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers1/1received1932-10-2458ParisFranceFranceFRA2007-05-18Collège de FranceFrance600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/gennes/facts/
1991-chemistry-2761991ChemistryRichard R. ErnstQ122272PersonRichard R. ErnstMalefor his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy1/1received1933-08-1458WinterthurSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE2021-06-04Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)Switzerland600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1991/ernst/facts/
1991-medicine-4441991Physiology or MedicineErwin NeherQ77126PersonErwin NeherMalefor their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells1/2received1944-03-2047LandsbergGermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische ChemieGermany600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/neher/facts/
1991-medicine-4451991Physiology or MedicineBert SakmannQ77081PersonBert SakmannMalefor their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells1/2received1942-06-1249StuttgartGermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für medizinische ForschungGermany600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/sakmann/facts/
1991-literature-6681991LiteratureNadine GordimerQ47619PersonNadine GordimerFemalewho through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity1/1received1923-11-2067SpringsSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF2014-07-13600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1991/gordimer/facts/
1991-peace-5531991PeaceAung San Suu KyiQ36740PersonAung San Suu KyiFemalefor her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights1/1received1945-06-1946RangoonBurmaMyanmarMMR600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1991/kyi/facts/
1991-economic-sciences-7071991Economic SciencesRonald H. CoaseQ188113PersonRonald H. CoaseMalefor his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy1/1received1910-12-2980WillesdenUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2013-09-02University of ChicagoUSA600000010968389https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1991/coase/facts/
1990-physics-1381990PhysicsJerome I. FriedmanQ187822PersonJerome I. FriedmanMalefor their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics1/3received1930-03-2860Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/friedman/facts/
1990-physics-1391990PhysicsHenry W. KendallQ190495PersonHenry W. KendallMalefor their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics1/3received1926-12-0963Boston, MAUSAUSAUSA1999-02-15Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/kendall/facts/
1990-physics-1401990PhysicsRichard E. TaylorQ201470PersonRichard E. TaylorMalefor their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics1/3received1929-11-0260Medicine Hat, AlbertaCanadaCanadaCAN2018-02-22Stanford UniversityUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/taylor/facts/
1990-chemistry-2751990ChemistryElias James CoreyQ135171PersonElias James CoreyMalefor his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis1/1received1928-07-1262Methuen, MAUSAUSAUSAHarvard UniversityUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1990/corey/facts/
1990-medicine-4421990Physiology or MedicineJoseph E. MurrayQ192282PersonJoseph E. MurrayMalefor their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease1/2received1919-04-0171Milford, MAUSAUSAUSA2012-11-26Brigham and Women's HospitalUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1990/murray/facts/
1990-medicine-4431990Physiology or MedicineE. Donnall ThomasQ310485PersonE. Donnall ThomasMalefor their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease1/2received1920-03-1570Mart, TXUSAUSAUSA2012-10-20Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1990/thomas/facts/
1990-literature-6671990LiteratureOctavio PazQ46739PersonOctavio PazMalefor impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity1/1received1914-03-3176Mexico CityMexicoMexicoMEX1998-04-1940000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1990/paz/facts/
1990-peace-5521990PeaceMikhail GorbachevQ30487PersonMikhail Sergeyevich GorbachevMalefor the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations1/1received1931-03-0259PrivolnoyeUSSRRussiaRUS2022-08-3040000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1990/gorbachev/facts/
1990-economic-sciences-7041990Economic SciencesHarry M. MarkowitzQ272508PersonHarry M. MarkowitzMalefor their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics1/3received1927-08-2463Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA2023-06-22City University of New YorkUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/markowitz/facts/
1990-economic-sciences-7051990Economic SciencesMerton H. MillerQ157255PersonMerton H. MillerMalefor their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics1/3received1923-05-1667Boston, MAUSAUSAUSA2000-06-03University of ChicagoUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/miller/facts/
1990-economic-sciences-7061990Economic SciencesWilliam F. SharpeQ274111PersonWilliam F. SharpeMalefor their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics1/3received1934-06-1656Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAStanford UniversityUSA40000008003376https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/sharpe/facts/
1989-physics-1351989PhysicsNorman F. RamseyQ107419PersonNorman F. RamseyMalefor the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks1/2received1915-08-2774Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA2011-11-04Harvard UniversityUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/ramsey/facts/
1989-physics-1361989PhysicsHans G. DehmeltQ70532PersonHans G. DehmeltMalefor the development of the ion trap technique1/4received1922-09-0967GörlitzPrussiaGermanyDEU2017-03-07University of WashingtonUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/dehmelt/facts/
1989-physics-1371989PhysicsWolfgang PaulQ57227PersonWolfgang PaulMalefor the development of the ion trap technique1/4received1913-08-1076LorenzkirchGermanyGermanyDEU1993-12-07University of BonnGermany30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/paul/facts/
1989-chemistry-2731989ChemistrySidney AltmanQ102266PersonSidney AltmanMalefor their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA1/2received1939-05-0750MontrealCanadaCanadaCAN2022-04-05Yale UniversityUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1989/altman/facts/
1989-chemistry-2741989ChemistryThomas R. CechQ135180PersonThomas R. CechMalefor their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA1/2received1947-12-0841Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSAUniversity of ColoradoUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1989/cech/facts/
1989-medicine-4401989Physiology or MedicineJ. Michael BishopQ311358PersonJ. Michael BishopMalefor their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes1/2received1936-02-2253York, PAUSAUSAUSA2026-03-20University of California School of MedicineUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1989/bishop/facts/
1989-medicine-4411989Physiology or MedicineHarold E. VarmusQ295691PersonHarold E. VarmusMalefor their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes1/2received1939-12-1849Oceanside, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of California School of MedicineUSA30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1989/varmus/facts/
1989-literature-6661989LiteratureCamilo José CelaQ132589PersonCamilo José CelaMalefor a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability1/1received1916-05-1173Iria FlaviaSpainSpainESP2002-01-1730000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1989/cela/facts/
1989-peace-5511989PeaceThe 14th Dalai LamaQ17293PersonThe 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)Malefor advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people1/1received1935-07-0654TaktserTibetChinaCHN30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1989/lama/facts/
1989-economic-sciences-7031989Economic SciencesTrygve HaavelmoQ208124PersonTrygve HaavelmoMalefor his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures1/1received1911-12-1377SkedsmoNorwayNorwayNOR1999-07-26University of OsloNorway30000006629077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1989/haavelmo/facts/
1988-physics-1321988PhysicsLeon M. LedermanQ192695PersonLeon M. LedermanMalefor the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino1/3received1922-07-1566New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2018-10-03Fermi National Accelerator LaboratoryUSA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/lederman/facts/
1988-physics-1331988PhysicsMelvin SchwartzQ189741PersonMelvin SchwartzMalefor the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino1/3received1932-11-0255New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2006-08-28Digital Pathways, Inc.USA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/schwartz/facts/
1988-physics-1341988PhysicsJack SteinbergerQ153210PersonJack SteinbergerMalefor the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino1/3received1921-05-2567Bad KissingenGermanyGermanyDEU2020-12-12CERNSwitzerland25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/steinberger/facts/
1988-chemistry-2701988ChemistryJohann DeisenhoferQ76612PersonJohann DeisenhoferMalefor the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre1/3received1943-09-3045ZusamaltheimGermanyGermanyDEUUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUSA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1988/deisenhofer/facts/
1988-chemistry-2711988ChemistryRobert HuberQ76623PersonRobert HuberMalefor the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre1/3received1937-02-2051MunichGermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für BiochemieGermany25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1988/huber/facts/
1988-chemistry-2721988ChemistryHartmut MichelQ77086PersonHartmut MichelMalefor the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre1/3received1948-07-1840LudwigsburgWest GermanyGermanyDEUMax-Planck-Institut für BiophysikGermany25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1988/michel/facts/
1988-medicine-4371988Physiology or MedicineSir James W. BlackQ110974PersonSir James W. BlackMalefor their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment1/3received1924-06-1464UddingstonScotlandScotlandGBR2010-03-21London University, King's College Hospital Medical SchoolUnited Kingdom25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1988/black/facts/
1988-medicine-4381988Physiology or MedicineGertrude B. ElionQ35703PersonGertrude B. ElionFemalefor their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment1/3received1918-01-2370New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1999-02-21Wellcome Research LaboratoriesUSA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1988/elion/facts/
1988-medicine-4391988Physiology or MedicineGeorge H. HitchingsQ310487PersonGeorge H. HitchingsMalefor their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment1/3received1905-04-1883Hoquiam, WAUSAUSAUSA1998-02-27Wellcome Research LaboratoriesUSA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1988/hitchings/facts/
1988-literature-6651988LiteratureNaguib MahfouzQ7176PersonNaguib MahfouzMalewho, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind1/1received1911-12-1176CairoEgyptEgyptEGY2006-08-3025000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1988/mahfouz/facts/
1988-peace-5501988PeaceUnited Nations Peacekeeping ForcesQ219575Organizationfor preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations1/1received1948New York, NYUSAUSAUSA25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1988/un/facts/
1988-economic-sciences-7021988Economic SciencesMaurice AllaisQ105962PersonMaurice AllaisMalefor his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources1/1received1911-05-3177ParisFranceFranceFRA2010-10-09École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de ParisFrance25000005874628https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1988/allais/facts/
1987-physics-1301987PhysicsJ. Georg BednorzQ76687PersonJ. Georg BednorzMalefor their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials1/2received1950-05-1637NeuenkirchenWest GermanyGermanyDEUIBM Zurich Research LaboratorySwitzerland21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/bednorz/facts/
1987-physics-1311987PhysicsK. Alex MüllerQ122298PersonK. Alexander MüllerMalefor their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials1/2received1927-04-2060BaselSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE2023-01-09IBM Zurich Research LaboratorySwitzerland21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/muller/facts/
1987-chemistry-2671987ChemistryDonald J. CramQ135151PersonDonald J. CramMalefor their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity1/3received1919-04-2268Chester, VTUSAUSAUSA2001-06-17University of CaliforniaUSA21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/cram/facts/
1987-chemistry-2681987ChemistryJean-Marie LehnQ107690PersonJean-Marie LehnMalefor their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity1/3received1939-09-3048RosheimFranceFranceFRAUniversité Louis Pasteur; Collège de FranceFrance21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/lehn/facts/
1987-chemistry-2691987ChemistryCharles J. PedersenQ244998PersonCharles J. PedersenMalefor their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity1/3received1904-10-0383PusanKoreaSouth KoreaKOR1989-10-26Du PontUSA21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/pedersen/facts/
1987-medicine-4361987Physiology or MedicineSusumu TonegawaQ108602PersonSusumu TonegawaMalefor his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity1/1received1939-09-0548NagoyaJapanJapanJPN2026-07-11Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1987/tonegawa/facts/
1987-literature-6641987LiteratureJoseph BrodskyQ862PersonJoseph BrodskyMalefor an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity1/1received1940-05-2447LeningradUSSRRussiaRUS1996-01-2821750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1987/brodsky/facts/
1987-peace-5491987PeaceOscar Arias SánchezQ49344PersonOscar Arias SánchezMalefor his work for lasting peace in Central America1/1received1940-09-1347HerediaCosta RicaCosta RicaCRI21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1987/arias/facts/
1987-economic-sciences-7011987Economic SciencesRobert M. SolowQ157268PersonRobert M. SolowMalefor his contributions to the theory of economic growth1/1received1924-08-2363Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2023-12-21Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA21750005405582https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1987/solow/facts/
1986-physics-1271986PhysicsErnst RuskaQ71022PersonErnst RuskaMalefor his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope1/2received1906-12-2579HeidelbergGermanyGermanyDEU1988-05-27Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftGermany20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/ruska/facts/
1986-physics-1281986PhysicsGerd BinnigQ76766PersonGerd BinnigMalefor their design of the scanning tunneling microscope1/4received1947-07-2039Frankfurt-on-the-MainWest GermanyGermanyDEUIBM Zurich Research LaboratorySwitzerland20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/binnig/facts/
1986-physics-1291986PhysicsHeinrich RohrerQ123029PersonHeinrich RohrerMalefor their design of the scanning tunneling microscope1/4received1933-06-0653BuchsSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE2013-05-16IBM Zurich Research LaboratorySwitzerland20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/rohrer/facts/
1986-chemistry-2641986ChemistryDudley R. HerschbachQ243196PersonDudley R. HerschbachMalefor their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes1/3received1932-06-1854San José, CAUSAUSAUSAHarvard UniversityUSA20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/herschbach/facts/
1986-chemistry-2651986ChemistryYuan T. LeeQ243190PersonYuan T. LeeMalefor their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes1/3received1936-11-1949HsinchuTaiwanTaiwanTWNUniversity of CaliforniaUSA20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/lee/facts/
1986-chemistry-2661986ChemistryJohn C. PolanyiQ237825PersonJohn C. PolanyiMalefor their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes1/3received1929-01-2357BerlinGermanyGermanyDEUUniversity of TorontoCanada20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/polanyi/facts/
1986-medicine-4341986Physiology or MedicineStanley CohenQ232299PersonStanley CohenMalefor their discoveries of growth factors1/2received1922-11-1763Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2020-02-05Vanderbilt University School of MedicineUSA20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1986/cohen/facts/
1986-medicine-4351986Physiology or MedicineRita Levi-MontalciniQ185007PersonRita Levi-MontalciniFemalefor their discoveries of growth factors1/2received1909-04-2277TurinItalyItalyITA2012-12-30Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R.Italy20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1986/levi-montalcini/facts/
1986-literature-6631986LiteratureWole SoyinkaQ41488PersonWole SoyinkaMalewho in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence1/1received1934-07-1352AbeokutaNigeriaNigeriaNGA20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1986/soyinka/facts/
1986-peace-5481986PeaceElie WieselQ18391PersonElie WieselMalefor being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace, atonement and dignity1/1received1928-09-3058SighetRomaniaRomaniaROU2016-07-0220000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/facts/
1986-economic-sciences-7001986Economic SciencesJames M. Buchanan Jr.Q205353PersonJames M. Buchanan Jr.Malefor his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making1/1received1919-10-0367Murfreesboro, TNUSAUSAUSA2013-01-09Center for Study of Public ChoiceUSA20000005182514https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1986/buchanan/facts/
1985-physics-1261985PhysicsKlaus von KlitzingQ71024PersonKlaus von KlitzingMalefor the discovery of the quantized Hall effect1/1received1943-06-2842SchrodaGerman-occupied PolandPolandPOLMax-Planck-Institut für FestkörperforschungGermany18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1985/klitzing/facts/
1985-chemistry-2621985ChemistryHerbert A. HauptmanQ107422PersonHerbert A. HauptmanMalefor their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures1/2received1917-02-1468New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2011-10-23The Medical Foundation of BuffaloUSA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1985/hauptman/facts/
1985-chemistry-2631985ChemistryJerome KarleQ106733PersonJerome KarleMalefor their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures1/2received1918-06-1867New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2013-06-06US Naval Research LaboratoryUSA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1985/karle/facts/
1985-medicine-4321985Physiology or MedicineMichael S. BrownQ295684PersonMichael S. BrownMalefor their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism1/2received1941-04-1344New York, NYUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasUSA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1985/brown/facts/
1985-medicine-4331985Physiology or MedicineJoseph L. GoldsteinQ271424PersonJoseph L. GoldsteinMalefor their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism1/2received1940-04-1845Sumter, SCUSAUSAUSAUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasUSA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1985/goldstein/facts/
1985-literature-6621985LiteratureClaude SimonQ131549PersonClaude SimonMalewho in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition1/1received1913-10-1072TananariveMadagascarMadagascarMDG2005-07-0618000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1985/simon/facts/
1985-peace-5471985PeaceInternational Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear WarQ245385Organizationfor spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war1/1received1980Boston, MAUSAUSAUSA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1985/physicians/facts/
1985-economic-sciences-6991985Economic SciencesFranco ModiglianiQ205850PersonFranco ModiglianiMalefor his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets1/1received1918-06-1867RomeItalyItalyITA2003-09-25Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA18000004860820https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1985/modigliani/facts/
1984-physics-1241984PhysicsCarlo RubbiaQ187199PersonCarlo RubbiaMalefor their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction1/2received1934-03-3150GoriziaItalyItalyITACERNSwitzerland16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/rubbia/facts/
1984-physics-1251984PhysicsSimon van der MeerQ104779PersonSimon van der MeerMalefor their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction1/2received1925-11-2458the Haguethe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD2011-03-04CERNSwitzerland16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/meer/facts/
1984-chemistry-2611984ChemistryBruce MerrifieldQ224153PersonRobert Bruce MerrifieldMalefor his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix1/1received1921-07-1563Fort Worth, TXUSAUSAUSA2006-05-14Rockefeller UniversityUSA16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1984/merrifield/facts/
1984-medicine-4291984Physiology or MedicineNiels K. JerneQ309876PersonNiels K. JerneMalefor theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies1/3received1911-12-2372LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1994-10-07Basel Institute for ImmunologySwitzerland16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1984/jerne/facts/
1984-medicine-4301984Physiology or MedicineGeorges J.F. KöhlerQ77160PersonGeorges J.F. KöhlerMalefor theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies1/3received1946-04-1738MunichGermanyGermanyDEU1995-03-01Basel Institute for ImmunologySwitzerland16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1984/kohler/facts/
1984-medicine-4311984Physiology or MedicineCésar MilsteinQ155525PersonCésar MilsteinMalefor theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies1/3received1927-10-0857Bahia BlancaArgentinaArgentinaARG2002-03-24MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1984/milstein/facts/
1984-literature-6611984LiteratureJaroslav SeifertQ102483PersonJaroslav SeifertMalefor his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man1/1received1901-09-2383PragueAustria-HungaryCzech RepublicCZE1986-01-1016500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1984/seifert/facts/
1984-peace-5461984PeaceDesmond TutuQ43033PersonDesmond Mpilo TutuMalefor his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa1/1received1931-10-0752KlerksdorpSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF2021-12-2616500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/facts/
1984-economic-sciences-6981984Economic SciencesRichard StoneQ219733PersonRichard StoneMalefor having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis1/1received1913-08-3071LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1991-12-06University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom16500004782579https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1984/stone/facts/
1983-physics-1221983PhysicsSubrahmanyan ChandrasekharQ148109PersonSubrahmanyan ChandrasekharMalefor his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars1/2received1910-10-1973LahoreIndiaPakistanPAK1995-08-21University of ChicagoUSA15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/chandrasekhar/facts/
1983-physics-1231983PhysicsWilliam A. FowlerQ46120PersonWilliam Alfred FowlerMalefor his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe1/2received1911-08-0972Pittsburgh, PAUSAUSAUSA1995-03-14California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/fowler/facts/
1983-chemistry-2601983ChemistryHenry TaubeQ235983PersonHenry TaubeMalefor his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes1/1received1915-11-3067NeudorfCanadaCanadaCAN2005-11-16Stanford UniversityUSA15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1983/taube/facts/
1983-medicine-4281983Physiology or MedicineBarbara McClintockQ199654PersonBarbara McClintockFemalefor her discovery of mobile genetic elements1/1received1902-06-1681Hartford, CTUSAUSAUSA1992-09-02Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryUSA15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1983/mcclintock/facts/
1983-literature-6601983LiteratureWilliam GoldingQ44183PersonWilliam GoldingMalefor his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today1/1received1911-09-1972NewquayUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1993-06-1915000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1983/golding/facts/
1983-peace-5451983PeaceLech WałęsaQ444PersonLech WałęsaMalefor non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland1/1received1943-09-2940PopowoPolandPolandPOL15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1983/walesa/facts/
1983-economic-sciences-6971983Economic SciencesGerard DebreuQ210960PersonGerard DebreuMalefor having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium1/1received1921-07-0462CalaisFranceFranceFRA2004-12-31University of CaliforniaUSA15000004698151https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1983/debreu/facts/
1982-physics-1211982PhysicsKenneth G. WilsonQ193503PersonKenneth G. WilsonMalefor his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions1/1received1936-06-0846Waltham, MAUSAUSAUSA2013-06-15Cornell UniversityUSA11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1982/wilson/facts/
1982-chemistry-2591982ChemistryAaron KlugQ190626PersonAaron KlugMalefor his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes1/1received1926-08-1156ZelvasLithuaniaLithuaniaLTU2018-11-20MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1982/klug/facts/
1982-medicine-4251982Physiology or MedicineSune K. BergströmQ295696PersonSune K. BergströmMalefor their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances1/3received1916-01-1066StockholmSwedenSwedenSWE2004-08-15Karolinska InstitutetSweden11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1982/bergstrom/facts/
1982-medicine-4261982Physiology or MedicineBengt I. SamuelssonQ295768PersonBengt I. SamuelssonMalefor their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances1/3received1934-05-2148HalmstadSwedenSwedenSWE2024-07-05Karolinska InstitutetSweden11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1982/samuelsson/facts/
1982-medicine-4271982Physiology or MedicineJohn R. VaneQ309971PersonJohn R. VaneMalefor their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances1/3received1927-03-2955TardebiggUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2004-11-19The Wellcome Research LaboratoriesUnited Kingdom11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1982/vane/facts/
1982-literature-6591982LiteratureGabriel García MárquezQ5878PersonGabriel García MárquezMalefor his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts1/1received1927-03-0655AracatacaColombiaColombiaCOL2014-04-1711500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1982/marquez/facts/
1982-peace-5431982PeaceAlva MyrdalQ152437PersonAlva MyrdalFemalefor their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones1/2received1902-01-3180UppsalaSwedenSwedenSWE1986-02-0111500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1982/myrdal/facts/
1982-peace-5441982PeaceAlfonso García RoblesQ203843PersonAlfonso García RoblesMalefor their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones1/2received1911-03-2071ZamoraMexicoMexicoMEX1991-09-0211500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1982/robles/facts/
1982-economic-sciences-6961982Economic SciencesGeorge J. StiglerQ243534PersonGeorge J. StiglerMalefor his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation1/1received1911-01-1771Renton, WAUSAUSAUSA1991-12-01University of ChicagoUSA11500003923237https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1982/stigler/facts/
1981-physics-1181981PhysicsNicolaas BloembergenQ189987PersonNicolaas BloembergenMalefor their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy1/4received1920-03-1161Dordrechtthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD2017-09-05Harvard UniversityUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/bloembergen/facts/
1981-physics-1191981PhysicsArthur L. SchawlowQ190503PersonArthur Leonard SchawlowMalefor their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy1/4received1921-05-0560Mount Vernon, NYUSAUSAUSA1999-04-28Stanford UniversityUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/schawlow/facts/
1981-physics-1201981PhysicsKai M. SiegbahnQ192712PersonKai M. SiegbahnMalefor his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy1/2received1918-04-2063LundSwedenSwedenSWE2007-07-20Uppsala UniversitySweden10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/siegbahn/facts/
1981-chemistry-2571981ChemistryKenichi FukuiQ217734PersonKenichi FukuiMalefor their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions1/2received1918-10-0463NaraJapanJapanJPN1998-01-09Kyoto UniversityJapan10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1981/fukui/facts/
1981-chemistry-2581981ChemistryRoald HoffmannQ273279PersonRoald HoffmannMalefor their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions1/2received1937-07-1844ZloczovPolandUkraineUKRCornell UniversityUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1981/hoffmann/facts/
1981-medicine-4221981Physiology or MedicineRoger W. SperryQ232305PersonRoger W. SperryMalefor his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres1/2received1913-08-2068Hartford, CTUSAUSAUSA1994-04-17California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1981/sperry/facts/
1981-medicine-4231981Physiology or MedicineDavid H. HubelQ295644PersonDavid H. HubelMalefor their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system1/4received1926-02-2755Windsor, ONCanadaCanadaCAN2013-09-22Harvard Medical SchoolUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1981/hubel/facts/
1981-medicine-4241981Physiology or MedicineTorsten N. WieselQ271421PersonTorsten N. WieselMalefor their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system1/4received1924-06-0357UppsalaSwedenSwedenSWEHarvard Medical SchoolUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1981/wiesel/facts/
1981-literature-6581981LiteratureElias CanettiQ80064PersonElias CanettiMalefor writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power1/1received1905-07-2576RuseBulgariaBulgariaBGR1994-08-1410000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1981/canetti/facts/
1981-peace-5151981PeaceOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesQ132551Organizationfor promoting the fundamental rights of refugees1/1received1950-12-14GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1981/refugees/facts/
1981-economic-sciences-6951981Economic SciencesJames TobinQ211776PersonJames TobinMalefor his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices1/1received1918-03-0563Champaign, ILUSAUSAUSA2002-03-11Yale UniversityUSA10000003704688https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1981/tobin/facts/
1980-physics-1161980PhysicsJames CroninQ193496PersonJames Watson CroninMalefor the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons1/2received1931-09-2949Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA2016-08-25University of ChicagoUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/cronin/facts/
1980-physics-1171980PhysicsVal FitchQ206499PersonVal Logsdon FitchMalefor the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons1/2received1923-03-1057Merriman, NEUSAUSAUSA2015-02-05Princeton UniversityUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/fitch/facts/
1980-chemistry-2541980ChemistryPaul BergQ102379PersonPaul BergMalefor his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA1/2received1926-06-3054New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2023-02-15Stanford UniversityUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1980/berg/facts/
1980-chemistry-2551980ChemistryWalter GilbertQ217486PersonWalter GilbertMalefor their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids1/4received1932-03-2148Boston, MAUSAUSAUSAHarvard University, Biological LaboratoriesUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1980/gilbert/facts/
1980-chemistry-2221980ChemistryFrederick SangerQ151564PersonFrederick SangerMalefor their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids1/4received1918-08-1362RendcombeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2013-11-19MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1980/sanger/facts/
1980-medicine-4191980Physiology or MedicineBaruj BenacerrafQ234701PersonBaruj BenacerrafMalefor their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions1/3received1920-10-2959CaracasVenezuelaVenezuelaVEN2011-08-02Harvard Medical SchoolUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/benacerraf/facts/
1980-medicine-4201980Physiology or MedicineJean DaussetQ152760PersonJean DaussetMalefor their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions1/3received1916-10-1963ToulouseFranceFranceFRA2009-06-06Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-HématologieFrance8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/dausset/facts/
1980-medicine-4211980Physiology or MedicineGeorge D. SnellQ295666PersonGeorge D. SnellMalefor their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions1/3received1903-12-1976Bradford, MAUSAUSAUSA1996-06-06Jackson LaboratoryUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/snell/facts/
1980-literature-6571980LiteratureCzesław MiłoszQ45970PersonCzesław MiłoszMalewho with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts1/1received1911-06-3069ŚeteniaiRussian EmpireLithuaniaLTU2004-08-148800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1980/milosz/facts/
1980-peace-5411980PeaceAdolfo Pérez EsquivelQ206505PersonAdolfo Pérez EsquivelMalefor being a source of inspiration to repressed people, especially in Latin America1/1received1931-11-2648Buenos AiresArgentinaArgentinaARG8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1980/esquivel/facts/
1980-economic-sciences-6941980Economic SciencesLawrence R. KleinQ295761PersonLawrence R. KleinMalefor the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies1/1received1920-09-1460Omaha, NEUSAUSAUSA2013-10-20University of PennsylvaniaUSA8800003654081https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1980/klein/facts/
1979-physics-1131979PhysicsSheldon GlashowQ107420PersonSheldon Lee GlashowMalefor their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current1/3received1932-12-0546New York, NYUSAUSAUSAHarvard University, Lyman LaboratoryUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/glashow/facts/
1979-physics-1141979PhysicsAbdus SalamQ28189PersonAbdus SalamMalefor their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current1/3received1926-01-2953Jhang MaghiānaIndiaPakistanPAK1996-11-21International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Imperial CollegeItaly; United Kingdom8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/facts/
1979-physics-1151979PhysicsSteven WeinbergQ179282PersonSteven WeinbergMalefor their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current1/3received1933-05-0346New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2021-07-23Harvard UniversityUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/weinberg/facts/
1979-chemistry-2521979ChemistryHerbert C. BrownQ102406PersonHerbert C. BrownMalefor their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis1/2received1912-05-2267LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2004-12-19Purdue UniversityUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1979/brown/facts/
1979-chemistry-2531979ChemistryGeorg WittigQ77171PersonGeorg WittigMalefor their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis1/2received1897-06-1682BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1987-08-26University of HeidelbergGermany8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1979/wittig/facts/
1979-medicine-4171979Physiology or MedicineAllan M. CormackQ223542PersonAllan M. CormackMalefor the development of computer assisted tomography1/2received1924-02-2355JohannesburgSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF1998-05-07Tufts UniversityUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/cormack/facts/
1979-medicine-4181979Physiology or MedicineGodfrey N. HounsfieldQ273769PersonGodfrey N. HounsfieldMalefor the development of computer assisted tomography1/2received1919-08-2860NewarkUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2004-08-12Central Research Laboratories, EMIUnited Kingdom8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/hounsfield/facts/
1979-literature-6551979LiteratureOdysseus ElytisQ160478PersonOdysseus ElytisMalefor his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness1/1received1911-11-0267IráklionCreteGreeceGRC1996-03-188000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1979/elytis/facts/
1979-peace-5401979PeaceMother TeresaQ30547PersonMother TeresaFemalefor her work for bringing help to suffering humanity1/1received1910-08-2669UskupOttoman EmpireNorth MacedoniaMKD1997-09-058000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1979/teresa/facts/
1979-economic-sciences-6921979Economic SciencesTheodore W. SchultzQ233947PersonTheodore W. SchultzMalefor their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries1/2received1902-04-3077Arlington, SDUSAUSAUSA1998-02-26University of ChicagoUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1979/schultz/facts/
1979-economic-sciences-6931979Economic SciencesSir Arthur LewisQ272519PersonSir Arthur LewisMalefor their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries1/2received1915-01-2364CastriesBritish West IndiesSaint LuciaLCA1991-06-15Princeton UniversityUSA8000003778486https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1979/lewis/facts/
1978-physics-1101978PhysicsPyotr KapitsaQ172844PersonPyotr Leonidovich KapitsaMalefor his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics1/2received1894-07-0984KronshtadtRussian EmpireRussiaRUS1984-04-08Academy of SciencesUSSR7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/kapitsa/facts/
1978-physics-1111978PhysicsArno PenziasQ172877PersonArno Allan PenziasMalefor their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation1/4received1933-04-2645MunichGermanyGermanyDEU2024-01-22Bell LaboratoriesUSA7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/penzias/facts/
1978-physics-1121978PhysicsRobert Woodrow WilsonQ171034PersonRobert Woodrow WilsonMalefor their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation1/4received1936-01-1042Houston, TXUSAUSAUSABell LaboratoriesUSA7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/wilson/facts/
1978-chemistry-2511978ChemistryPeter MitchellQ207992PersonPeter D. MitchellMalefor his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory1/1received1920-09-2958MitchamUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1992-04-10Glynn Research LaboratoriesUnited Kingdom7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1978/mitchell/facts/
1978-medicine-4141978Physiology or MedicineWerner ArberQ115495PersonWerner ArberMalefor the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics1/3received1929-06-0349GränichenSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHEBiozentrum der UniversitätSwitzerland7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/arber/facts/
1978-medicine-4151978Physiology or MedicineDaniel NathansQ295706PersonDaniel NathansMalefor the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics1/3received1928-10-3049Wilmington, DEUSAUSAUSA1999-11-16Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineUSA7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/nathans/facts/
1978-medicine-4161978Physiology or MedicineHamilton O. SmithQ108896PersonHamilton O. SmithMalefor the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics1/3received1931-08-2347New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2025-10-25Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineUSA7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/smith/facts/
1978-literature-6541978LiteratureIsaac Bashevis SingerQ75612PersonIsaac Bashevis SingerMalefor his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life1/1received1904-07-1474LeoncinRussian EmpirePolandPOL1991-07-247250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1978/singer/facts/
1978-peace-5381978PeaceAnwar al-SadatQ42013PersonMohamed Anwar al-SadatMalefor jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 19781/2received1918-12-2559Mit Abu al-KawmEgyptEgyptEGY1981-10-067250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1978/al-sadat/facts/
1978-peace-5391978PeaceMenachem BeginQ130873PersonMenachem BeginMalefor jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 19781/2received1913-08-1665Brest LitovskRussian EmpireBelarusBLR1992-03-097250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1978/begin/facts/
1978-economic-sciences-6911978Economic SciencesHerbert SimonQ181529PersonHerbert A. SimonMalefor his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations1/1received1916-06-1562Milwaukee, WIUSAUSAUSA2001-02-09Carnegie Mellon UniversityUSA7250003665192https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/simon/facts/
1977-physics-1071977PhysicsPhilip W. AndersonQ190770PersonPhilip Warren AndersonMalefor their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems1/3received1923-12-1353Indianapolis, INUSAUSAUSA2020-03-29Bell Telephone LaboratoriesUSA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/anderson/facts/
1977-physics-1081977PhysicsSir Nevill F. MottQ189485PersonSir Nevill Francis MottMalefor their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems1/3received1905-09-3072LeedsUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1996-08-08University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/mott/facts/
1977-physics-1091977PhysicsJohn H. Van VleckQ193655PersonJohn Hasbrouck Van VleckMalefor their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems1/3received1899-03-1378Middletown, CTUSAUSAUSA1980-10-27Harvard UniversityUSA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/vleck/facts/
1977-chemistry-2501977ChemistryIlya PrigogineQ183509PersonIlya Romanovich PrigogineMalefor his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures1/1received1917-01-2560MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS2003-05-28Université Libre de Bruxelles; University of TexasBelgium; USA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1977/prigogine/facts/
1977-medicine-4111977Physiology or MedicineRoger GuilleminQ242169PersonRoger GuilleminMalefor their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain1/4received1924-01-1153DijonFranceFranceFRA2024-02-21The Salk InstituteUSA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/guillemin/facts/
1977-medicine-4121977Physiology or MedicineAndrew V. SchallyQ141147PersonAndrew V. SchallyMalefor their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain1/4received1926-11-3050WilnoPolandLithuaniaLTU2024-10-17Veterans Administration HospitalUSA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/schally/facts/
1977-medicine-4131977Physiology or MedicineRosalyn YalowQ107402PersonRosalyn YalowFemalefor the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones1/2received1921-07-1956New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2011-05-30Veterans Administration HospitalUSA7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/yalow/facts/
1977-literature-6531977LiteratureVicente AleixandreQ134644PersonVicente AleixandreMalefor a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars1/1received1898-04-2679SevillaSpainSpainESP1984-12-147000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1977/aleixandre/facts/
1977-peace-5371977PeaceAmnesty InternationalQ42970Organizationfor worldwide respect for human rights1/1received1961LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1977/amnesty/facts/
1977-economic-sciences-6891977Economic SciencesBertil OhlinQ179493PersonBertil OhlinMalefor their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements1/2received1899-04-2378KlippanSwedenSwedenSWE1979-08-03Stockholm School of EconomicsSweden7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1977/ohlin/facts/
1977-economic-sciences-6901977Economic SciencesJames E. MeadeQ235843PersonJames E. MeadeMalefor their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements1/2received1907-06-2370SwanageUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1995-12-22University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom7000003896009https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1977/meade/facts/
1976-physics-1051976PhysicsBurton RichterQ192106PersonBurton RichterMalefor their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind1/2received1931-03-2245Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2018-07-18Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterUSA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/richter/facts/
1976-physics-1061976PhysicsSamuel C.C. TingQ192715PersonSamuel Chao Chung TingMalefor their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind1/2received1936-01-2740Ann Arbor, MIUSAUSAUSAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/ting/facts/
1976-chemistry-2491976ChemistryWilliam LipscombQ110935PersonWilliam N. LipscombMalefor his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding1/1received1919-12-0956Cleveland, OHUSAUSAUSA2011-04-14Harvard UniversityUSA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1976/lipscomb/facts/
1976-medicine-4091976Physiology or MedicineBaruch S. BlumbergQ105830PersonBaruch S. BlumbergMalefor their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases1/2received1925-07-2851New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2011-04-05The Institute for Cancer ResearchUSA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1976/blumberg/facts/
1976-medicine-4101976Physiology or MedicineD. Carleton GajdusekQ108576PersonD. Carleton GajdusekMalefor their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases1/2received1923-09-0953Yonkers, NYUSAUSAUSA2008-12-12National Institutes of HealthUSA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1976/gajdusek/facts/
1976-literature-6521976LiteratureSaul BellowQ83059PersonSaul BellowMalefor the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work1/1received1915-06-1061Lachine, QuebecCanadaCanadaCAN2005-04-056810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1976/bellow/facts/
1976-peace-5351976PeaceBetty WilliamsQ157690PersonElizabeth WilliamsFemalefor the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland1/2received1943-05-2234BelfastNorthern IrelandNorthern IrelandGBR2020-03-176810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1976/williams/facts/
1976-peace-5361976PeaceMairead CorriganQ157655PersonMairead CorriganFemalefor the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland1/2received1944-01-2733BelfastNorthern IrelandNorthern IrelandGBR6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1976/corrigan/facts/
1976-economic-sciences-6881976Economic SciencesMilton FriedmanQ47426PersonMilton FriedmanMalefor his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy1/1received1912-07-3164Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2006-11-16University of ChicagoUSA6810004226835https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1976/friedman/facts/
1975-physics-1021975PhysicsAage N. BohrQ103854PersonAage Niels BohrMalefor the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection1/3received1922-06-1953CopenhagenDenmarkDenmarkDNK2009-09-08Niels Bohr InstituteDenmark6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/bohr/facts/
1975-physics-1031975PhysicsBen R. MottelsonQ107423PersonBen Roy MottelsonMalefor the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection1/3received1926-07-0949Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA2022-05-13NorditaDenmark6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/mottelson/facts/
1975-physics-1041975PhysicsJames RainwaterQ190745PersonLeo James RainwaterMalefor the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection1/3received1917-12-0957Council, IDUSAUSAUSA1986-05-31Columbia UniversityUSA6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/rainwater/facts/
1975-chemistry-2471975ChemistryJohn CornforthQ135154PersonJohn Warcup CornforthMalefor his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions1/2received1917-09-0758SydneyAustraliaAustraliaAUS2013-12-08University of SussexUnited Kingdom6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1975/cornforth/facts/
1975-chemistry-2481975ChemistryVladimir PrelogQ83501PersonVladimir PrelogMalefor his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions1/2received1906-07-2369SarajevoAustria-HungaryBosnia and HerzegovinaBIH1998-01-07Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)Switzerland6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1975/prelog/facts/
1975-medicine-4061975Physiology or MedicineDavid BaltimoreQ234949PersonDavid BaltimoreMalefor their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell1/3received1938-03-0737New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2025-09-06Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/baltimore/facts/
1975-medicine-4071975Physiology or MedicineRenato DulbeccoQ109553PersonRenato DulbeccoMalefor their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell1/3received1914-02-2261CatanzaroItalyItalyITA2012-02-19Imperial Cancer Research Fund LaboratoryUnited Kingdom6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/dulbecco/facts/
1975-medicine-4081975Physiology or MedicineHoward M. TeminQ243536PersonHoward Martin TeminMalefor their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell1/3received1934-12-1040Philadelphia, PAUSAUSAUSA1994-02-09University of WisconsinUSA6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/temin/facts/
1975-literature-6511975LiteratureEugenio MontaleQ83174PersonEugenio MontaleMalefor his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions1/1received1896-10-1279GenoaItalyItalyITA1981-09-126300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1975/montale/facts/
1975-peace-5341975PeaceAndrei SakharovQ997PersonAndrei Dmitrievich SakharovMalefor his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union, for disarmament and cooperation between all nations1/1received1921-05-2154MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS1989-12-146300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1975/sakharov/facts/
1975-economic-sciences-6861975Economic SciencesLeonid Vitaliyevich KantorovichQ107441PersonLeonid Vitaliyevich KantorovichMalefor their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources1/2received1912-01-1963St. PetersburgRussian EmpireRussiaRUS1986-04-07Academy of SciencesUSSR6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/kantorovich/facts/
1975-economic-sciences-6871975Economic SciencesTjalling C. KoopmansQ110968PersonTjalling C. KoopmansMalefor their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources1/2received1910-08-2865's Gravelandthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1985-02-26Yale UniversityUSA6300004304697https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/koopmans/facts/
1974-physics-1001974PhysicsMartin RyleQ190766PersonSir Martin RyleMalefor their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars1/2received1918-09-2756BrightonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1984-10-14University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1974/ryle/facts/
1974-physics-1011974PhysicsAntony HewishQ189990PersonAntony HewishMalefor their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars1/2received1924-05-1150FoweyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2021-09-13University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1974/hewish/facts/
1974-chemistry-2461974ChemistryPaul J. FloryQ176351PersonPaul J. FloryMalefor his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules1/1received1910-06-1964Sterling, ILUSAUSAUSA1985-09-08Stanford UniversityUSA5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1974/flory/facts/
1974-medicine-4031974Physiology or MedicineAlbert ClaudeQ233943PersonAlbert ClaudeMalefor their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell1/3received1898-08-2476LonglierBelgiumBelgiumBEL1983-05-22Université Catholique de LouvainBelgium5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1974/claude/facts/
1974-medicine-4041974Physiology or MedicineChristian de DuveQ234590PersonChristian de DuveMalefor their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell1/3received1917-10-0257Thames DittonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2013-05-04Rockefeller University; Université Catholique de LouvainUSA; Belgium5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1974/duve/facts/
1974-medicine-4051974Physiology or MedicineGeorge E. PaladeQ219718PersonGeorge E. PaladeMalefor their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell1/3received1912-11-1961IasiRomaniaRomaniaROU2008-10-07Yale University, School of MedicineUSA5500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1974/palade/facts/
1974-literature-6491974LiteratureEyvind JohnsonQ131326PersonEyvind JohnsonMalefor a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom1/2received1900-07-2974SvartbjörnsbynSwedenSwedenSWE1976-08-255500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/johnson/facts/
1974-literature-6501974LiteratureHarry MartinsonQ132695PersonHarry MartinsonMalefor writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos1/2received1904-05-0670JämshögSwedenSwedenSWE1978-02-115500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/martinson/facts/
1974-peace-5321974PeaceSeán MacBrideQ244395PersonSeán MacBrideMalefor his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world1/2received1904-01-2670ParisFranceFranceFRA1988-01-155500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1974/macbride/facts/
1974-peace-5331974PeaceEisaku SatōQ179871PersonEisaku SatōMalefor his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty1/2received1901-03-2773TabuseJapanJapanJPN1975-06-035500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1974/sato/facts/
1974-economic-sciences-6841974Economic SciencesGunnar MyrdalQ152452PersonGunnar MyrdalMalefor their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena1/2received1898-12-0675SkattungbynSwedenSwedenSWE1987-05-175500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1974/myrdal/facts/
1974-economic-sciences-6851974Economic SciencesFriedrich von HayekQ1325PersonFriedrich August von HayekMalefor their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena1/2received1899-05-0875ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1992-03-235500004126741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1974/hayek/facts/
1973-physics-971973PhysicsLeo EsakiQ179852PersonLeo EsakiMalefor their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively1/4received1925-03-1248OsakaJapanJapanJPNIBM Thomas J. Watson Research CenterUSA5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/esaki/facts/
1973-physics-981973PhysicsIvar GiaeverQ192688PersonIvar GiaeverMalefor their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively1/4received1929-04-0544BergenNorwayNorwayNOR2025-06-20General Electric CompanyUSA5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/giaever/facts/
1973-physics-991973PhysicsBrian D. JosephsonQ181363PersonBrian David JosephsonMalefor his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects1/2received1940-01-0433CardiffUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBRUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/josephson/facts/
1973-chemistry-2441973ChemistryErnst Otto FischerQ44594PersonErnst Otto FischerMalefor their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds1/2received1918-11-1054MunichGermanyGermanyDEU2007-07-23Technical UniversityGermany5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1973/fischer/facts/
1973-chemistry-2451973ChemistryGeoffrey WilkinsonQ274128PersonGeoffrey WilkinsonMalefor their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds1/2received1921-07-1452TodmordenUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1996-09-26Imperial CollegeUnited Kingdom5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1973/wilkinson/facts/
1973-medicine-4001973Physiology or MedicineKarl von FrischQ60060PersonKarl von FrischMalefor their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns1/3received1886-11-2086ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1982-06-12Zoologisches Institut der Universität MünchenGermany5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1973/frisch/facts/
1973-medicine-4011973Physiology or MedicineKonrad LorenzQ78496PersonKonrad LorenzMalefor their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns1/3received1903-11-0769ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1989-02-27Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie; Max-Planck-Institut für VerhaltensphysiologieAustria; Germany5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1973/lorenz/facts/
1973-medicine-4021973Physiology or MedicineNikolaas TinbergenQ153890PersonNikolaas TinbergenMalefor their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns1/3received1907-04-1566the Haguethe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1988-12-21University of OxfordUnited Kingdom5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1973/tinbergen/facts/
1973-literature-6481973LiteraturePatrick WhiteQ129187PersonPatrick WhiteMalefor an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature1/1received1912-05-2861LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1990-09-305100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1973/white/facts/
1973-peace-5301973PeaceHenry KissingerQ66107PersonHenry Alfred KissingerMalefor jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 19731/2received1923-05-2750FürthGermanyGermanyDEU2023-11-295100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/facts/
1973-peace-5311973PeaceLe Duc ThoQ233969PersonLe Duc ThoMalefor jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 19731/2declined1911-10-1462Nam Ha provinceVietnamVietnamVNM1990-10-135100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/tho/facts/
1973-economic-sciences-6831973Economic SciencesWassily LeontiefQ44061PersonWassily Wassilyevich LeontiefMalefor the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems1/1received1906-08-0567St. PetersburgRussiaRussiaRUS1999-02-05Harvard UniversityUSA5100004213275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1973/leontief/facts/
1972-physics-661972PhysicsJohn BardeenQ949PersonJohn BardeenMalefor their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory1/3received1908-05-2364Madison, WIUSAUSAUSA1991-01-30University of IllinoisUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/bardeen/facts/
1972-physics-951972PhysicsLeon N. CooperQ82563PersonLeon Neil CooperMalefor their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory1/3received1930-02-2842New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2024-10-23Brown UniversityUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/cooper/facts/
1972-physics-961972PhysicsRobert SchriefferQ153201PersonJohn Robert SchriefferMalefor their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory1/3received1931-05-3141Oak Park, ILUSAUSAUSA2019-07-27University of PennsylvaniaUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/schrieffer/facts/
1972-chemistry-2411972ChemistryChristian AnfinsenQ102278PersonChristian B. AnfinsenMalefor his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation1/2received1916-03-2656Monessen, PAUSAUSAUSA1995-05-14National Institutes of HealthUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/anfinsen/facts/
1972-chemistry-2421972ChemistryStanford MooreQ110952PersonStanford MooreMalefor their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule1/4received1913-09-0459Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA1982-08-23Rockefeller UniversityUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/moore/facts/
1972-chemistry-2431972ChemistryWilliam H. SteinQ156492PersonWilliam H. SteinMalefor their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule1/4received1911-06-2561New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1980-02-02Rockefeller UniversityUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/stein/facts/
1972-medicine-3981972Physiology or MedicineGerald M. EdelmanQ271766PersonGerald M. EdelmanMalefor their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies1/2received1929-07-0143New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2014-05-17Rockefeller UniversityUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1972/edelman/facts/
1972-medicine-3991972Physiology or MedicineRodney R. PorterQ295700PersonRodney R. PorterMalefor their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies1/2received1917-10-0855Newton-le-WillowsUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1985-09-06University of OxfordUnited Kingdom4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1972/porter/facts/
1972-literature-6471972LiteratureHeinrich BöllQ42747PersonHeinrich BöllMalefor his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature1/1received1917-12-2154CologneGermanyGermanyDEU1985-07-164800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1972/boll/facts/
1972-economic-sciences-6811972Economic SciencesJohn R. HicksQ184862PersonJohn R. HicksMalefor their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory1/2received1904-04-0868WarwickUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1989-05-20All Souls CollegeUnited Kingdom4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1972/hicks/facts/
1972-economic-sciences-6821972Economic SciencesKenneth J. ArrowQ192592PersonKenneth J. ArrowMalefor their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory1/2received1921-08-2351New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2017-02-21Harvard UniversityUSA4800004230781https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1972/arrow/facts/
1971-physics-931971PhysicsDennis GaborQ155786PersonDennis GaborMalefor his invention and development of the holographic method1/1received1900-06-0571BudapestHungaryHungaryHUN1979-02-08Imperial CollegeUnited Kingdom4500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1971/gabor/facts/
1971-chemistry-2401971ChemistryGerhard HerzbergQ76602PersonGerhard HerzbergMalefor his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals1/1received1904-12-2566HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1999-03-03National Research Council of CanadaCanada4500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1971/herzberg/facts/
1971-medicine-3971971Physiology or MedicineEarl W. Sutherland, Jr.Q68118PersonEarl W. Sutherland, Jr.Malefor his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones1/1received1915-11-1955Burlingame, KSUSAUSAUSA1974-03-09Vanderbilt UniversityUSA4500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1971/sutherland/facts/
1971-literature-6451971LiteraturePablo NerudaQ34189PersonPablo NerudaMalefor a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams1/1received1904-07-1267ParralChileChileCHL1973-09-234500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1971/neruda/facts/
1971-peace-5291971PeaceWilly BrandtQ2514PersonWilly BrandtMalefor paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West1/1received1913-12-1857LübeckGermanyGermanyDEU1992-10-084500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1971/brandt/facts/
1971-economic-sciences-6801971Economic SciencesSimon KuznetsQ192577PersonSimon KuznetsMalefor his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development1/1received1901-04-3070PinskRussian EmpireBelarusBLR1985-07-08Harvard UniversityUSA4500004200591https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1971/kuznets/facts/
1970-physics-911970PhysicsHannes AlfvénQ54945PersonHannes Olof Gösta AlfvénMalefor fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics1/2received1908-05-3062NorrköpingSwedenSwedenSWE1995-04-02Royal Institute of TechnologySweden4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/alfven/facts/
1970-physics-921970PhysicsLouis NéelQ155781PersonLouis Eugène Félix NéelMalefor fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics1/2received1904-11-2265LyonFranceFranceFRA2000-11-17University of GrenobleFrance4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/neel/facts/
1970-chemistry-2391970ChemistryLuis LeloirQ233985PersonLuis F. LeloirMalefor his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates1/1received1906-09-0664ParisFranceFranceFRA1987-12-02Institute for Biochemical ResearchArgentina4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1970/leloir/facts/
1970-medicine-3941970Physiology or MedicineSir Bernard KatzQ4517PersonSir Bernard KatzMalefor their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation1/3received1911-03-2659LeipzigGermanyGermanyDEU2003-04-20University CollegeUnited Kingdom4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1970/katz/facts/
1970-medicine-3951970Physiology or MedicineUlf von EulerQ237142PersonUlf von EulerMalefor their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation1/3received1905-02-0765StockholmSwedenSwedenSWE1983-03-09Karolinska InstitutetSweden4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1970/euler/facts/
1970-medicine-3961970Physiology or MedicineJulius AxelrodQ110106PersonJulius AxelrodMalefor their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation1/3received1912-05-3058New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2004-12-29National Institutes of HealthUSA4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1970/axelrod/facts/
1970-literature-6441970LiteratureAleksandr SolzhenitsynQ34474PersonAleksandr Isayevich SolzhenitsynMalefor the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature1/1received1918-12-1151KislovodskRussiaRussiaRUS2008-08-034000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/solzhenitsyn/facts/
1970-peace-5281970PeaceNorman BorlaugQ154824PersonNorman Ernest BorlaugMalefor having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution1/1received1914-03-2556Cresco, IAUSAUSAUSA2009-09-124000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1970/borlaug/facts/
1970-economic-sciences-6791970Economic SciencesPaul A. SamuelsonQ102454PersonPaul A. SamuelsonMalefor the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science1/1received1915-05-1555Gary, INUSAUSAUSA2009-12-13Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA4000004018644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1970/samuelson/facts/
1969-physics-901969PhysicsMurray Gell-MannQ172840PersonMurray Gell-MannMalefor his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions1/1received1929-09-1540New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2019-05-24California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1969/gell-mann/facts/
1969-chemistry-2371969ChemistryDerek BartonQ102419PersonDerek H. R. BartonMalefor their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry1/2received1918-09-0851GravesendUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1998-03-16Imperial CollegeUnited Kingdom3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1969/barton/facts/
1969-chemistry-2381969ChemistryOdd HasselQ157212PersonOdd HasselMalefor their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry1/2received1897-05-1772KristianiaNorwayNorwayNOR1981-05-11University of OsloNorway3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1969/hassel/facts/
1969-medicine-3911969Physiology or MedicineMax DelbrückQ76807PersonMax DelbrückMalefor their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses1/3received1906-09-0463BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1981-03-09California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1969/delbruck/facts/
1969-medicine-3921969Physiology or MedicineAlfred D. HersheyQ271703PersonAlfred D. HersheyMalefor their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses1/3received1908-12-0460Owosso, MIUSAUSAUSA1997-05-22Carnegie Institution of WashingtonUSA3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1969/hershey/facts/
1969-medicine-3931969Physiology or MedicineSalvador E. LuriaQ205667PersonSalvador E. LuriaMalefor their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses1/3received1912-08-1357TurinItalyItalyITA1991-02-06Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1969/luria/facts/
1969-literature-6431969LiteratureSamuel BeckettQ37327PersonSamuel BeckettMalefor his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation1/1received1906-04-1363DublinIrelandIrelandIRL1989-12-223750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1969/beckett/facts/
1969-peace-5271969PeaceInternational Labour OrganizationQ54129Organizationfor creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country1/1received1919GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1969/labour/facts/
1969-economic-sciences-6771969Economic SciencesRagnar FrischQ187988PersonRagnar FrischMalefor having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes1/2received1895-03-0374OsloNorwayNorwayNOR1973-01-31University of OsloNorway3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1969/frisch/facts/
1969-economic-sciences-6781969Economic SciencesJan TinbergenQ183181PersonJan TinbergenMalefor having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes1/2received1903-04-1266the Haguethe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1994-06-09The Netherlands School of Economicsthe Netherlands3750004023190https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1969/tinbergen/facts/
1968-physics-891968PhysicsLuis AlvarezQ178344PersonLuis Walter AlvarezMalefor his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis1/1received1911-06-1357San Francisco, CAUSAUSAUSA1988-09-01University of CaliforniaUSA3500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1968/alvarez/facts/
1968-chemistry-2361968ChemistryLars OnsagerQ107405PersonLars OnsagerMalefor the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes1/1received1903-11-2764KristianiaNorwayNorwayNOR1976-10-05Yale UniversityUSA3500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1968/onsager/facts/
1968-medicine-3881968Physiology or MedicineRobert W. HolleyQ108891PersonRobert W. HolleyMalefor their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis1/3received1922-01-2846Urbana, ILUSAUSAUSA1993-02-11Cornell UniversityUSA3500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1968/holley/facts/
1968-medicine-3891968Physiology or MedicineH. Gobind KhoranaQ107462PersonHar Gobind KhoranaMalefor their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis1/3received1922-01-0946RaipurIndiaIndiaIND2011-11-09University of WisconsinUSA3500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1968/khorana/facts/
1968-medicine-3901968Physiology or MedicineMarshall W. NirenbergQ110060PersonMarshall W. NirenbergMalefor their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis1/3received1927-04-1041New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2010-01-15National Institutes of HealthUSA3500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1968/nirenberg/facts/
1968-literature-6421968LiteratureYasunari KawabataQ43736PersonYasunari KawabataMalefor his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind1/1received1899-06-1169OsakaJapanJapanJPN1972-04-163500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1968/kawabata/facts/
1968-peace-5261968PeaceRené CassinQ232873PersonRené CassinMalefor his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration1/1received1887-10-0581BayonneFranceFranceFRA1976-02-203500003859767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1968/cassin/facts/
1967-physics-881967PhysicsHans BetheQ155794PersonHans Albrecht BetheMalefor his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars1/1received1906-07-0261StrasbourgGermanyFranceFRA2005-03-06Cornell UniversityUSA3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/bethe/facts/
1967-chemistry-2331967ChemistryManfred EigenQ76600PersonManfred EigenMalefor their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy1/2received1927-05-0940BochumGermanyGermanyDEU2019-02-06Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische ChemieGermany3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1967/eigen/facts/
1967-chemistry-2341967ChemistryRonald G.W. NorrishQ235834PersonRonald George Wreyford NorrishMalefor their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy1/4received1897-11-0969CambridgeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1978-06-07Institute of Physical ChemistryUnited Kingdom3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1967/norrish/facts/
1967-chemistry-2351967ChemistryGeorge PorterQ106762PersonGeorge PorterMalefor their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy1/4received1920-12-0646StainforthUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2002-08-31Royal Institution of Great BritainUnited Kingdom3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1967/porter/facts/
1967-medicine-3851967Physiology or MedicineRagnar GranitQ217722PersonRagnar GranitMalefor their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye1/3received1900-10-3066HelsinkiRussian EmpireFinlandFIN1991-03-12Karolinska InstitutetSweden3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1967/granit/facts/
1967-medicine-3861967Physiology or MedicineKeffer HartlineQ309879PersonHaldan Keffer HartlineMalefor their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye1/3received1903-12-2263Bloomsburg, PAUSAUSAUSA1983-03-17Rockefeller UniversityUSA3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1967/hartline/facts/
1967-medicine-3871967Physiology or MedicineGeorge WaldQ295724PersonGeorge WaldMalefor their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye1/3received1906-11-1860New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1997-04-12Harvard UniversityUSA3200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1967/wald/facts/
1967-literature-6411967LiteratureMiguel Angel AsturiasQ75603PersonMiguel Angel AsturiasMalefor his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America1/1received1899-10-1968Guatemala CityGuatemalaGuatemalaGTM1974-06-093200003595829https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1967/asturias/facts/
1966-physics-871966PhysicsAlfred KastlerQ71023PersonAlfred KastlerMalefor the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms1/1received1902-05-0364GuebwillerGermanyFranceFRA1984-01-07École Normale SupérieureFrance3000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1966/kastler/facts/
1966-chemistry-2321966ChemistryRobert S. MullikenQ233355PersonRobert S. MullikenMalefor his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method1/1received1896-06-0770Newburyport, MAUSAUSAUSA1986-10-31University of ChicagoUSA3000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/mulliken/facts/
1966-medicine-3831966Physiology or MedicinePeyton RousQ298707PersonPeyton RousMalefor his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses1/2received1879-10-0587Baltimore, MDUSAUSAUSA1970-02-16Rockefeller UniversityUSA3000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1966/rous/facts/
1966-medicine-3841966Physiology or MedicineCharles B. HugginsQ155371PersonCharles Brenton HugginsMalefor his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer1/2received1901-09-2265Halifax, Nova ScotiaCanadaCanadaCAN1997-01-12University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer ResearchUSA3000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1966/huggins/facts/
1966-literature-6391966LiteratureShmuel AgnonQ133042PersonShmuel Yosef AgnonMalefor his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people1/2received1888-07-1778BuczaczAustria-HungaryUkraineUKR1970-02-173000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1966/agnon/facts/
1966-literature-6401966LiteratureNelly SachsQ57074PersonNelly SachsFemalefor her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength1/2received1891-12-1074BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1970-05-123000003521287https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1966/sachs/facts/
1965-physics-841965PhysicsSin-Itiro TomonagaQ184563PersonSin-Itiro TomonagaMalefor their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles1/3received1906-03-3159KyotoJapanJapanJPN1979-07-08Tokyo University of EducationJapan2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/tomonaga/facts/
1965-physics-851965PhysicsJulian SchwingerQ186465PersonJulian SchwingerMalefor their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles1/3received1918-02-1247New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1994-07-16Harvard UniversityUSA2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/schwinger/facts/
1965-physics-861965PhysicsRichard P. FeynmanQ39246PersonRichard P. FeynmanMalefor their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles1/3received1918-05-1147New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1988-02-15California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/feynman/facts/
1965-chemistry-2311965ChemistryRobert B. WoodwardQ232316PersonRobert Burns WoodwardMalefor his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis1/1received1917-04-1048Boston, MAUSAUSAUSA1979-07-08Harvard UniversityUSA2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1965/woodward/facts/
1965-medicine-3801965Physiology or MedicineFrançois JacobQ218311PersonFrançois JacobMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis1/3received1920-06-1745NancyFranceFranceFRA2013-04-19Institut PasteurFrance2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/jacob/facts/
1965-medicine-3811965Physiology or MedicineAndré LwoffQ223309PersonAndré LwoffMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis1/3received1902-05-0863Ainay-le-ChâteauFranceFranceFRA1994-09-30Institut PasteurFrance2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/lwoff/facts/
1965-medicine-3821965Physiology or MedicineJacques MonodQ231402PersonJacques MonodMalefor their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis1/3received1910-02-0955ParisFranceFranceFRA1976-05-31Institut PasteurFrance2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/monod/facts/
1965-literature-6381965LiteratureMikhail SholokhovQ42398PersonMikhail Aleksandrovich SholokhovMalefor the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people1/1received1905-05-2460VeshenskayaRussiaRussiaRUS1984-02-212820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1965/sholokhov/facts/
1965-peace-5251965PeaceUnited Nations Children's FundQ740308Organizationfor its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states1/1received1946New York, NYUSAUSAUSA2820003519063https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1965/unicef/facts/
1964-physics-811964PhysicsCharles H. TownesQ184566PersonCharles Hard TownesMalefor fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle1/2received1915-07-2849Greenville, SCUSAUSAUSA2015-01-27Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)USA2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/townes/facts/
1964-physics-821964PhysicsNicolay G. BasovQ83557PersonNicolay Gennadiyevich BasovMalefor fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle1/4received1922-12-1441UsmanUSSRRussiaRUS2001-07-01P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteUSSR2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/basov/facts/
1964-physics-831964PhysicsAleksandr M. ProkhorovQ83552PersonAleksandr Mikhailovich ProkhorovMalefor fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle1/4received1916-07-1148AthertonAustraliaAustraliaAUS2002-01-08P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteUSSR2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/prokhorov/facts/
1964-chemistry-2301964ChemistryDorothy Crowfoot HodgkinQ7487PersonDorothy Crowfoot HodgkinFemalefor her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances1/1received1910-05-1254CairoEgyptEgyptEGY1994-07-29University of Oxford, Royal SocietyUnited Kingdom2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/facts/
1964-medicine-3781964Physiology or MedicineKonrad BlochQ35698PersonKonrad BlochMalefor their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism1/2received1912-01-2152NeisseGermanyPolandPOL2000-10-15Harvard UniversityUSA2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1964/bloch/facts/
1964-medicine-3791964Physiology or MedicineFeodor LynenQ44597PersonFeodor LynenMalefor their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism1/2received1911-04-0653MunichGermanyGermanyDEU1979-08-06Max-Planck-Institut für ZellchemieGermany2730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1964/lynen/facts/
1964-literature-6371964LiteratureJean-Paul SartreQ9364PersonJean-Paul SartreMalefor his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age1/1declined1905-06-2159ParisFranceFranceFRA1980-04-152730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1964/sartre/facts/
1964-peace-5241964PeaceMartin Luther King Jr.Q8027PersonMartin Luther King Jr.Malefor his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population1/1received1929-01-1535Atlanta, GAUSAUSAUSA1968-04-042730003576149https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/king/facts/
1963-physics-781963PhysicsEugene WignerQ155790PersonEugene Paul WignerMalefor his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles1/2received1902-11-1760BudapestAustria-HungaryHungaryHUN1995-01-01Princeton UniversityUSA2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/wigner/facts/
1963-physics-791963PhysicsMaria Goeppert MayerQ57100PersonMaria Goeppert MayerFemalefor their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure1/4received1906-06-2857KattowitzGermanyPolandPOL1972-02-20University of CaliforniaUSA2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/mayer/facts/
1963-physics-801963PhysicsJ. Hans D. JensenQ76797PersonJ. Hans D. JensenMalefor their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure1/4received1907-06-2556HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1973-02-11University of HeidelbergGermany2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/jensen/facts/
1963-chemistry-2281963ChemistryKarl ZieglerQ76624PersonKarl ZieglerMalefor their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers1/2received1898-11-2664HelsaGermanyGermanyDEU1973-08-12Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungGermany2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1963/ziegler/facts/
1963-chemistry-2291963ChemistryGiulio NattaQ234145PersonGiulio NattaMalefor their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers1/2received1903-02-2660ImperiaItalyItalyITA1979-05-02Institute of TechnologyItaly2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1963/natta/facts/
1963-medicine-3751963Physiology or MedicineSir John EcclesQ273223PersonSir John Carew EcclesMalefor their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane1/3received1903-01-2760MelbourneAustraliaAustraliaAUS1997-05-02Australian National UniversityAustralia2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/eccles/facts/
1963-medicine-3761963Physiology or MedicineAlan HodgkinQ193650PersonAlan Lloyd HodgkinMalefor their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane1/3received1914-02-0549BanburyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1998-12-20University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/hodgkin/facts/
1963-medicine-3771963Physiology or MedicineAndrew HuxleyQ104607PersonAndrew Fielding HuxleyMalefor their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane1/3received1917-11-2245HampsteadUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2012-05-30University CollegeUnited Kingdom2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/huxley/facts/
1963-literature-6351963LiteratureGiorgos SeferisQ165823PersonGiorgos SeferisMalefor his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture1/1received1900-03-1363SmyrnaOttoman EmpireTurkeyTUR1971-09-202650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1963/seferis/facts/
1963-peace-4821963PeaceInternational Committee of the Red CrossQ5987345Organizationfor promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN1/2received1863GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1963/red-cross/facts/
1963-peace-5231963PeaceLeague of Red Cross SocietiesQ1069175Organizationfor promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN1/2received1919ParisFranceFranceFRA2650003590371https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1963/red-cross-league/facts/
1962-physics-771962PhysicsLev LandauQ133267PersonLev Davidovich LandauMalefor his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium1/1received1908-01-2254BakuRussian EmpireAzerbaijanAZE1968-04-01Academy of SciencesUSSR2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1962/landau/facts/
1962-chemistry-2261962ChemistryMax F. PerutzQ78480PersonMax Ferdinand PerutzMalefor their studies of the structures of globular proteins1/2received1914-05-1948ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT2002-02-06MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/perutz/facts/
1962-chemistry-2271962ChemistryJohn C. KendrewQ232295PersonJohn Cowdery KendrewMalefor their studies of the structures of globular proteins1/2received1917-03-2445OxfordUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1997-08-23MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/kendrew/facts/
1962-medicine-3721962Physiology or MedicineFrancis CrickQ123280PersonFrancis Harry Compton CrickMalefor their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material1/3received1916-06-0846NorthamptonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2004-07-28MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyUnited Kingdom2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/crick/facts/
1962-medicine-3731962Physiology or MedicineJames WatsonQ83333PersonJames Dewey WatsonMalefor their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material1/3received1928-04-0634Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA2025-11-06Harvard UniversityUSA2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/watson/facts/
1962-medicine-3741962Physiology or MedicineMaurice WilkinsQ184659PersonMaurice Hugh Frederick WilkinsMalefor their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material1/3received1916-12-1545PongaroaNew ZealandNew ZealandNZL2004-10-05London UniversityUnited Kingdom2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/wilkins/facts/
1962-literature-6341962LiteratureJohn SteinbeckQ39212PersonJohn SteinbeckMalefor his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception1/1received1902-02-2760Salinas, CAUSAUSAUSA1968-12-202572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1962/steinbeck/facts/
1962-peace-2171962PeaceLinus PaulingQ48983PersonLinus Carl PaulingMalefor his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West1/1received1901-02-2862Portland, ORUSAUSAUSA1994-08-19California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA2572203587462https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1962/pauling/facts/
1961-physics-751961PhysicsRobert HofstadterQ130113PersonRobert HofstadterMalefor his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons1/2received1915-02-0546New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1990-11-17Stanford UniversityUSA2502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/hofstadter/facts/
1961-physics-761961PhysicsRudolf MössbauerQ44286PersonRudolf Ludwig MössbauerMalefor his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name1/2received1929-01-3132MunichGermanyGermanyDEU2011-09-14Technical University; California Institute of Technology (Caltech)Germany; USA2502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/mossbauer/facts/
1961-chemistry-2251961ChemistryMelvin CalvinQ49347PersonMelvin CalvinMalefor his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants1/1received1911-04-0850St. Paul, MNUSAUSAUSA1997-01-08University of CaliforniaUSA2502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1961/calvin/facts/
1961-medicine-3711961Physiology or MedicineGeorg von BékésyQ238716PersonGeorg von BékésyMalefor his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea1/1received1899-06-0362BudapestHungaryHungaryHUN1972-06-13Harvard UniversityUSA2502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1961/bekesy/facts/
1961-literature-6331961LiteratureIvo AndrićQ47561PersonIvo AndrićMalefor the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country1/1received1892-10-1069DolacBosniaBosnia and HerzegovinaBIH1975-03-132502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1961/andric/facts/
1961-peace-5201961PeaceDag HammarskjöldQ1267PersonDag Hjalmar Agne Carl HammarskjöldMalefor developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization, capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter1/1received1905-07-2956JönköpingSwedenSwedenSWE1961-09-182502333639892https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1961/hammarskjold/facts/
1960-physics-741960PhysicsDonald A. GlaserQ80905PersonDonald Arthur GlaserMalefor the invention of the bubble chamber1/1received1926-09-2134Cleveland, OHUSAUSAUSA2013-02-28University of CaliforniaUSA2259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/glaser/facts/
1960-chemistry-2241960ChemistryWillard F. LibbyQ190486PersonWillard Frank LibbyMalefor his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science1/1received1908-12-1751Grand Valley, COUSAUSAUSA1980-09-08University of CaliforniaUSA2259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1960/libby/facts/
1960-medicine-3691960Physiology or MedicineSir Frank Macfarlane BurnetQ193550PersonSir Frank Macfarlane BurnetMalefor discovery of acquired immunological tolerance1/2received1899-09-0361TraralgonAustraliaAustraliaAUS1985-08-31Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchAustralia2259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/burnet/facts/
1960-medicine-3701960Physiology or MedicinePeter MedawarQ214209PersonPeter Brian MedawarMalefor discovery of acquired immunological tolerance1/2received1915-02-2845Rio de JaneiroBrazilBrazilBRA1987-10-02University CollegeUnited Kingdom2259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/medawar/facts/
1960-literature-6311960LiteratureSaint-John PerseQ132684PersonSaint-John PerseMalefor the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time1/1received1887-05-3173Pointe-à-PitreGuadeloupe, FranceGuadeloupe, FranceGLP1975-09-202259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1960/perse/facts/
1960-peace-5191960PeaceAlbert LutuliQ212955PersonAlbert John LutuliMalefor his non-violent struggle against apartheid1/1received1898BulawayoSouthern RhodesiaZimbabweZWE1967-07-212259873369907https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1960/lutuli/facts/
1959-physics-721959PhysicsEmilio SegrèQ173028PersonEmilio Gino SegrèMalefor their discovery of the antiproton1/2received1905-02-0154TivoliItalyItalyITA1989-04-22University of CaliforniaUSA2206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/segre/facts/
1959-physics-731959PhysicsOwen ChamberlainQ183655PersonOwen ChamberlainMalefor their discovery of the antiproton1/2received1920-07-1039San Francisco, CAUSAUSAUSA2006-02-28University of CaliforniaUSA2206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/chamberlain/facts/
1959-chemistry-2231959ChemistryJaroslav HeyrovskyQ157701PersonJaroslav HeyrovskyMalefor his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis1/1received1890-12-2068PragueAustria-HungaryCzech RepublicCZE1967-03-27Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of ScienceCzechoslovakia2206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1959/heyrovsky/facts/
1959-medicine-3671959Physiology or MedicineSevero OchoaQ233957PersonSevero OchoaMalefor their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid1/2received1905-09-2454LuarcaSpainSpainESP1993-11-01New York University, College of MedicineUSA2206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/ochoa/facts/
1959-medicine-3681959Physiology or MedicineArthur KornbergQ295678PersonArthur KornbergMalefor their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid1/2received1918-03-0341Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA2007-10-26Stanford UniversityUSA2206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/kornberg/facts/
1959-literature-6301959LiteratureSalvatore QuasimodoQ83038PersonSalvatore QuasimodoMalefor his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times1/1received1901-08-2058ModicaItalyItalyITA1968-06-142206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1959/quasimodo/facts/
1959-peace-5181959PeacePhilip Noel-BakerQ211856PersonPhilip J. Noel-BakerMalefor his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace1/1received1889-11-0170LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1982-10-082206783419788https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1959/noel-baker/facts/
1958-physics-701958PhysicsPavel A. CherenkovQ76970PersonPavel Alekseyevich CherenkovMalefor the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect1/3received1904-07-2854Novaya ChiglaRussiaRussiaRUS1990-01-06P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteUSSR2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/cerenkov/facts/
1958-physics-7211958PhysicsIl´ja M. FrankQ192703PersonIl´ja Mikhailovich FrankMalefor the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect1/3received1908-10-2350LeningradRussiaRussiaRUS1990-06-22Lomonosov Moscow State University; P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteUSSR2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/frank/facts/
1958-physics-711958PhysicsIgor Y. TammQ155759PersonIgor Yevgenyevich TammMalefor the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect1/3received1895-07-0863VladivostokRussiaRussiaRUS1971-04-12Lomonosov Moscow State University; P.N. Lebedev Physical InstituteUSSR2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/tamm/facts/
1958-chemistry-2221958ChemistryFrederick SangerQ151564PersonFrederick SangerMalefor his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin1/1received1918-08-1340RendcombeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2013-11-19University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1958/sanger/facts/
1958-medicine-3641958Physiology or MedicineGeorge BeadleQ238739PersonGeorge Wells BeadleMalefor their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events1/4received1903-10-2255Wahoo, NEUSAUSAUSA1989-06-09California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/beadle/facts/
1958-medicine-3651958Physiology or MedicineEdward TatumQ237499PersonEdward Lawrie TatumMalefor their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events1/4received1909-12-1448Boulder, COUSAUSAUSA1975-11-05Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/tatum/facts/
1958-medicine-3661958Physiology or MedicineJoshua LederbergQ218823PersonJoshua LederbergMalefor his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria1/2received1925-05-2333Montclair, NJUSAUSAUSA2008-02-02University of WisconsinUSA2145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/lederberg/facts/
1958-literature-6291958LiteratureBoris PasternakQ41223PersonBoris Leonidovich PasternakMalefor his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition1/1restricted1890-02-1068MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS1960-05-302145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/pasternak/facts/
1958-peace-5171958PeaceGeorges PireQ158850PersonGeorges PireMalefor his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity1/1received1910-02-1048DinantBelgiumBelgiumBEL1969-01-302145593346838https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1958/pire/facts/
1957-physics-681957PhysicsChen Ning YangQ181369PersonChen Ning YangMalefor their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles1/2received1922-09-2235Hofei, AnhweiChinaChinaCHN2025-10-18Institute for Advanced StudyUSA2086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/yang/facts/
1957-physics-691957PhysicsTsung-Dao LeeQ183679PersonTsung-Dao (T.D.) LeeMalefor their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles1/2received1926-11-2430ShanghaiChinaChinaCHN2024-08-04Columbia UniversityUSA2086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/lee/facts/
1957-chemistry-2211957ChemistryLord ToddQ157242PersonLord (Alexander R.) ToddMalefor his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes1/1received1907-10-0250GlasgowScotlandScotlandGBR1997-01-10University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom2086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1957/todd/facts/
1957-medicine-3631957Physiology or MedicineDaniel BovetQ115448PersonDaniel BovetMalefor his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles1/1received1907-03-2350NeuchâtelSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1992-04-08Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health)Italy2086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1957/bovet/facts/
1957-literature-6281957LiteratureAlbert CamusQ34670PersonAlbert CamusMalefor his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times1/1received1913-11-0743MondoviFrench AlgeriaAlgeriaDZA1960-01-042086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1957/camus/facts/
1957-peace-5161957PeaceLester Bowles PearsonQ128604PersonLester Bowles PearsonMalefor his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis1/1received1897-04-2360TorontoCanadaCanadaCAN1972-12-272086293411444https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1957/pearson/facts/
1956-physics-651956PhysicsWilliam B. ShockleyQ163415PersonWilliam Bradford ShockleyMalefor their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect1/3received1910-02-1346LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1989-08-12Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc.USA2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/shockley/facts/
1956-physics-661956PhysicsJohn BardeenQ949PersonJohn BardeenMalefor their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect1/3received1908-05-2348Madison, WIUSAUSAUSA1991-01-30University of IllinoisUSA2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/bardeen/facts/
1956-physics-671956PhysicsWalter H. BrattainQ184577PersonWalter Houser BrattainMalefor their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect1/3received1902-02-1054AmoyChinaChinaCHN1987-10-13Bell Telephone LaboratoriesUSA2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/brattain/facts/
1956-chemistry-2191956ChemistrySir Cyril HinshelwoodQ48986PersonSir Cyril Norman HinshelwoodMalefor their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions1/2received1897-05-1959LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1967-10-09University of OxfordUnited Kingdom2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1956/hinshelwood/facts/
1956-chemistry-2201956ChemistryNikolay SemenovQ48990PersonNikolay Nikolaevich SemenovMalefor their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions1/2received1896-04-0360SaratovRussiaRussiaRUS1986-09-25Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityUSSR2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1956/semenov/facts/
1956-medicine-3601956Physiology or MedicineAndré F. CournandQ271757PersonAndré Frédéric CournandMalefor their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system1/3received1895-09-2461ParisFranceFranceFRA1988-02-19Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue HospitalUSA2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/cournand/facts/
1956-medicine-3611956Physiology or MedicineWerner ForssmannQ77152PersonWerner ForssmannMalefor their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system1/3received1904-08-2952BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1979-06-01Mainz UniversityGermany2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/facts/
1956-medicine-3621956Physiology or MedicineDickinson W. RichardsQ312963PersonDickinson W. RichardsMalefor their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system1/3received1895-10-3060Orange, NJUSAUSAUSA1973-02-23Columbia UniversityUSA2001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/richards/facts/
1956-literature-6271956LiteratureJuan Ramón JiménezQ131318PersonJuan Ramón JiménezMalefor his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity1/1received1881-12-2474MoguerSpainSpainESP1958-05-292001233413609https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1956/jimenez/facts/
1955-physics-631955PhysicsWillis E. LambQ186497PersonWillis Eugene LambMalefor his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum1/2received1913-07-1242Los Angeles, CAUSAUSAUSA2008-05-15Stanford UniversityUSA1902143390958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/lamb/facts/
1955-physics-641955PhysicsPolykarp KuschQ184571PersonPolykarp KuschMalefor his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron1/2received1911-01-2644BlankenburgGermanyGermanyDEU1993-03-20Columbia UniversityUSA1902143390958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/kusch/facts/
1955-chemistry-2181955ChemistryVincent du VigneaudQ33128PersonVincent du VigneaudMalefor his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone1/1received1901-05-1854Chicago, ILUSAUSAUSA1978-12-11Cornell UniversityUSA1902143390958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1955/vigneaud/facts/
1955-medicine-3591955Physiology or MedicineHugo TheorellQ156480PersonAxel Hugo Theodor TheorellMalefor his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes1/1received1903-07-0652LinköpingSwedenSwedenSWE1982-08-15Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical InstituteSweden1902143390958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1955/theorell/facts/
1955-literature-6261955LiteratureHalldór LaxnessQ80321PersonHalldór Kiljan LaxnessMalefor his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland1/1received1902-04-2353ReykjavikIcelandIcelandISL1998-02-081902143390958https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1955/laxness/facts/
1954-physics-611954PhysicsMax BornQ58978PersonMax BornMalefor his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction1/2received1882-12-1171BreslauGermanyPolandPOL1970-01-05Edinburgh UniversityUnited Kingdom1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/born/facts/
1954-physics-621954PhysicsWalther BotheQ76474PersonWalther BotheMalefor the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith1/2received1891-01-0863OranienburgGermanyGermanyDEU1957-02-08University of Heidelberg; Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische ForschungGermany1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/bothe/facts/
1954-chemistry-2171954ChemistryLinus PaulingQ48983PersonLinus Carl PaulingMalefor his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances1/1received1901-02-2853Portland, ORUSAUSAUSA1994-08-19California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1954/pauling/facts/
1954-medicine-3561954Physiology or MedicineJohn F. EndersQ312961PersonJohn Franklin EndersMalefor their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue1/3received1897-02-1057West Hartford, CTUSAUSAUSA1985-09-08Harvard Medical School; Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical CenterUSA1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1954/enders/facts/
1954-medicine-3571954Physiology or MedicineThomas H. WellerQ310131PersonThomas Huckle WellerMalefor their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue1/3received1915-06-1539Ann Arbor, MIUSAUSAUSA2008-08-23Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical CenterUSA1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1954/weller/facts/
1954-medicine-3581954Physiology or MedicineFrederick C. RobbinsQ309885PersonFrederick Chapman RobbinsMalefor their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue1/3received1916-08-2538Auburn, ALUSAUSAUSA2003-08-04Western Reserve UniversityUSA1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1954/robbins/facts/
1954-literature-6251954LiteratureErnest HemingwayQ23434PersonErnest Miller HemingwayMalefor his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style1/1received1899-07-2155Oak Park, ILUSAUSAUSA1961-07-021816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1954/hemingway/facts/
1954-peace-5151954PeaceOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesQ132551Organizationfor its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world1/1received1950-12-14GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1816473338644https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1954/refugees/facts/
1953-physics-601953PhysicsFrits ZernikeQ188293PersonFrits ZernikeMalefor his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope1/1received1888-07-1665Amsterdamthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1966-03-10Groningen Universitythe Netherlands1752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1953/zernike/facts/
1953-chemistry-2161953ChemistryHermann StaudingerQ48956PersonHermann StaudingerMalefor his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry1/1received1881-03-2372WormsGermanyGermanyDEU1965-09-08University of Freiburg; Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), FreiburgGermany1752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1953/staudinger/facts/
1953-medicine-3541953Physiology or MedicineHans KrebsQ57191PersonHans Adolf KrebsMalefor his discovery of the citric acid cycle1/2received1900-08-2553HildesheimGermanyGermanyDEU1981-11-22Sheffield UniversityUnited Kingdom1752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1953/krebs/facts/
1953-medicine-3551953Physiology or MedicineFritz LipmannQ77104PersonFritz Albert LipmannMalefor his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism1/2received1899-06-1254KoenigsbergGermanyRussiaRUS1986-07-24Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General HospitalUSA1752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1953/lipmann/facts/
1953-literature-6241953LiteratureWinston ChurchillQ8016PersonSir Winston Leonard Spencer ChurchillMalefor his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values1/1received1874-11-3078WoodstockUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1965-01-241752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/churchill/facts/
1953-peace-5141953PeaceGeorge C. MarshallQ151414PersonGeorge Catlett MarshallMalefor proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe1/1received1880-12-3172Uniontown, PAUSAUSAUSA1959-10-161752933247029https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1953/marshall/facts/
1952-physics-581952PhysicsFelix BlochQ123022PersonFelix BlochMalefor their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith1/2received1905-10-2347ZurichSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1983-09-10Stanford UniversityUSA1711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/bloch/facts/
1952-physics-591952PhysicsE. M. PurcellQ183270PersonEdward Mills PurcellMalefor their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith1/2received1912-08-3040Taylorville, ILUSAUSAUSA1997-03-07Harvard UniversityUSA1711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/purcell/facts/
1952-chemistry-2141952ChemistryArcher J.P. MartinQ48977PersonArcher John Porter MartinMalefor their invention of partition chromatography1/2received1910-03-0142LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR2002-07-28National Institute for Medical ResearchUnited Kingdom1711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1952/martin/facts/
1952-chemistry-2151952ChemistryRichard L.M. SyngeQ48979PersonRichard Laurence Millington SyngeMalefor their invention of partition chromatography1/2received1914-10-2838LiverpoolUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1994-08-18Rowett Research InstituteUnited Kingdom1711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1952/synge/facts/
1952-medicine-3531952Physiology or MedicineSelman A. WaksmanQ232308PersonSelman Abraham WaksmanMalefor his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis1/1received1888-07-2264PrilukaRussian EmpireUkraineUKR1973-08-16Rutgers UniversityUSA1711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1952/waksman/facts/
1952-literature-6231952LiteratureFrançois MauriacQ81685PersonFrançois MauriacMalefor the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life1/1received1885-10-1167BordeauxFranceFranceFRA1970-09-011711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1952/mauriac/facts/
1952-peace-5131952PeaceAlbert SchweitzerQ49325PersonAlbert SchweitzerMalefor his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one1/1received1875-01-1478KaysersbergGermanyFranceFRA1965-09-041711353220326https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1952/schweitzer/facts/
1951-physics-561951PhysicsJohn CockcroftQ62897PersonSir John Douglas CockcroftMalefor their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles1/2received1897-05-2754TodmordenUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1967-09-18Atomic Energy Research EstablishmentUnited Kingdom1676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/cockcroft/facts/
1951-physics-571951PhysicsErnest T.S. WaltonQ183631PersonErnest Thomas Sinton WaltonMalefor their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles1/2received1903-10-0648DungarvanIrelandIrelandIRL1995-06-25Trinity CollegeIreland1676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/walton/facts/
1951-chemistry-2121951ChemistryEdwin M. McMillanQ19009PersonEdwin Mattison McMillanMalefor their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements1/2received1907-09-1844Redondo Beach, CAUSAUSAUSA1991-09-07University of CaliforniaUSA1676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/mcmillan/facts/
1951-chemistry-2131951ChemistryGlenn T. SeaborgQ48973PersonGlenn Theodore SeaborgMalefor their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements1/2received1912-04-1939Ishpeming, MIUSAUSAUSA1999-02-25University of CaliforniaUSA1676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/seaborg/facts/
1951-medicine-3521951Physiology or MedicineMax TheilerQ46928PersonMax TheilerMalefor his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it1/1received1899-01-3052PretoriaSouth AfricaSouth AfricaZAF1972-08-11Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller FoundationUSA1676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1951/theiler/facts/
1951-literature-6221951LiteraturePär LagerkvistQ93137PersonPär Fabian LagerkvistMalefor the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind1/1received1891-05-2360VäxjöSwedenSwedenSWE1974-07-111676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1951/lagerkvist/facts/
1951-peace-5121951PeaceLéon JouhauxQ155415PersonLéon JouhauxMalefor having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations1/1received1879-07-0172ParisFranceFranceFRA1954-04-281676123396650https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1951/jouhaux/facts/
1950-physics-551950PhysicsCecil PowellQ178103PersonCecil Frank PowellMalefor his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method1/1received1903-12-0546TonbridgeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1969-08-09Bristol UniversityUnited Kingdom1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/powell/facts/
1950-chemistry-2101950ChemistryOtto DielsQ76616PersonOtto Paul Hermann DielsMalefor their discovery and development of the diene synthesis1/2received1876-01-2374HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1954-03-07Kiel UniversityGermany1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1950/diels/facts/
1950-chemistry-2111950ChemistryKurt AlderQ76595PersonKurt AlderMalefor their discovery and development of the diene synthesis1/2received1902-07-1048KönigshüttePrussiaPolandPOL1958-06-20Cologne UniversityGermany1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1950/alder/facts/
1950-medicine-3491950Physiology or MedicineEdward C. KendallQ110101PersonEdward Calvin KendallMalefor their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects1/3received1886-03-0864South Norwalk, CTUSAUSAUSA1972-05-04Mayo ClinicUSA1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/kendall/facts/
1950-medicine-3501950Physiology or MedicineTadeus ReichsteinQ115490PersonTadeus ReichsteinMalefor their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects1/3received1897-07-2053WloclawekPolandPolandPOL1996-08-01Basel UniversitySwitzerland1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/reichstein/facts/
1950-medicine-3511950Physiology or MedicinePhilip S. HenchQ235651PersonPhilip Showalter HenchMalefor their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects1/3received1896-02-2854Pittsburgh, PAUSAUSAUSA1965-03-30Mayo ClinicUSA1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/hench/facts/
1950-literature-6211950LiteratureBertrand RussellQ33760PersonEarl (Bertrand Arthur William) RussellMalein recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought1/1received1872-05-1878TrelleckUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1970-02-021643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1950/russell/facts/
1950-peace-5111950PeaceRalph BuncheQ213500PersonRalph BuncheMalefor his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-19491/1received1904-08-0746Detroit, MIUSAUSAUSA1971-12-09Harvard UniversityUSA1643043857077https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1950/bunche/facts/
1949-physics-541949PhysicsHideki YukawaQ155777PersonHideki YukawaMalefor his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces1/1received1907-01-2342TokyoJapanJapanJPN1981-09-08Columbia University; Kyoto UniversityUSA; Japan1562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/yukawa/facts/
1949-chemistry-2091949ChemistryWilliam F. GiauqueQ110073PersonWilliam Francis GiauqueMalefor his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures1/1received1895-05-1254Niagara FallsCanadaCanadaCAN1982-03-28University of CaliforniaUSA1562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/giauque/facts/
1949-medicine-3471949Physiology or MedicineWalter HessQ115470PersonWalter Rudolf HessMalefor his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs1/2received1881-03-1768FrauenfeldSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1973-08-12University of ZurichSwitzerland1562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1949/hess/facts/
1949-medicine-3481949Physiology or MedicineEgas MonizQ273219PersonAntónio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas MonizMalefor his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses1/2received1874-11-2974AvancaPortugalPortugalPRT1955-12-13University of Lisbon; Neurological InstitutePortugal1562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1949/moniz/facts/
1949-literature-6201949LiteratureWilliam FaulknerQ38392PersonWilliam FaulknerMalefor his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel1/1received1897-09-2553New Albany, MSUSAUSAUSA1962-07-061562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/faulkner/facts/
1949-peace-5101949PeaceLord Boyd OrrQ315143PersonJohn Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd-Orr of Brechin MearnMalefor his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war1/1received1880-09-2369KilmaursScotlandScotlandGBR1971-06-251562903705636https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1949/orr/facts/
1948-physics-531948PhysicsPatrick M.S. BlackettQ184499PersonPatrick Maynard Stuart BlackettMalefor his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation1/1received1897-11-1850LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1974-07-13Victoria UniversityUnited Kingdom1597733865528https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/blackett/facts/
1948-chemistry-2081948ChemistryArne TiseliusQ233026PersonArne Wilhelm Kaurin TiseliusMalefor his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins1/1received1902-08-1046StockholmSwedenSwedenSWE1971-10-29Uppsala UniversitySweden1597733865528https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1948/tiselius/facts/
1948-medicine-3461948Physiology or MedicinePaul MüllerQ115475PersonPaul Hermann MüllerMalefor his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods1/1received1899-01-1249OltenSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1965-10-12Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.)Switzerland1597733865528https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1948/muller/facts/
1948-literature-6191948LiteratureT.S. EliotQ37767PersonThomas Stearns EliotMalefor his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry1/1received1888-09-2660St. Louis, MOUSAUSAUSA1965-01-041597733865528https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1948/eliot/facts/
1947-physics-521947PhysicsEdward V. AppletonQ153194PersonSir Edward Victor AppletonMalefor his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer1/1received1892-09-0655BradfordUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1965-04-21Department of Scientific and Industrial ResearchUnited Kingdom1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1947/appleton/facts/
1947-chemistry-2071947ChemistrySir Robert RobinsonQ49351PersonSir Robert RobinsonMalefor his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids1/1received1886-09-1361Rufford, near ChesterfieldUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1975-02-08University of OxfordUnited Kingdom1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1947/robinson/facts/
1947-medicine-3431947Physiology or MedicineCarl CoriQ78501PersonCarl Ferdinand CoriMalefor their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen1/4received1896-12-0550PragueAustria-HungaryCzech RepublicCZE1984-10-20Washington UniversityUSA1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/cori-cf/facts/
1947-medicine-3441947Physiology or MedicineGerty CoriQ204733PersonGerty Theresa Cori, née RadnitzFemalefor their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen1/4received1896-08-1551PragueAustria-HungaryCzech RepublicCZE1957-10-26Washington UniversityUSA1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/cori-gt/facts/
1947-medicine-3451947Physiology or MedicineBernardo HoussayQ237160PersonBernardo Alberto HoussayMalefor his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar1/2received1887-04-1060Buenos AiresArgentinaArgentinaARG1971-09-21Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine)Argentina1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/houssay/facts/
1947-literature-6181947LiteratureAndré GideQ47484PersonAndré Paul Guillaume GideMalefor his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight1/1received1869-11-2277ParisFranceFranceFRA1951-02-191461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1947/gide/facts/
1947-peace-5081947PeaceFriends Service CouncilQ677499Organizationfor their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations1/2received1647LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1947/friends-council/facts/
1947-peace-5091947PeaceAmerican Friends Service CommitteeQ464677Organizationfor their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations1/2received1917Washington, D.C.USAUSAUSA1461153685518https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1947/friends-committee/facts/
1946-physics-511946PhysicsPercy W. BridgmanQ172118PersonPercy Williams BridgmanMalefor the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics1/1received1882-04-2164Cambridge, MAUSAUSAUSA1961-08-20Harvard UniversityUSA1215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/bridgman/facts/
1946-chemistry-2041946ChemistryJames B. SumnerQ106756PersonJames Batcheller SumnerMalefor his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized1/2received1887-11-1958Canton, MAUSAUSAUSA1955-08-12Cornell UniversityUSA1215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1946/sumner/facts/
1946-chemistry-2051946ChemistryJohn H. NorthropQ106399PersonJohn Howard NorthropMalefor their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form1/4received1891-07-0555Yonkers, NYUSAUSAUSA1987-05-27Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA1215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1946/northrop/facts/
1946-chemistry-2061946ChemistryWendell M. StanleyQ105937PersonWendell Meredith StanleyMalefor their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form1/4received1904-08-1642Ridgeville, INUSAUSAUSA1971-06-15Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA1215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1946/stanley/facts/
1946-medicine-3421946Physiology or MedicineHermann J. MullerQ83598PersonHermann Joseph MullerMalefor the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation1/1received1890-12-2155New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1967-04-05Indiana UniversityUSA1215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1946/muller/facts/
1946-literature-6171946LiteratureHermann HesseQ25973PersonHermann HesseMalefor his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style1/1received1877-07-0269CalwGermanyGermanyDEU1962-08-091215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1946/hesse/facts/
1946-peace-5061946PeaceEmily Greene BalchQ215139PersonEmily Greene BalchFemalefor her lifelong work for the cause of peace1/2received1867-01-0879Jamaica Plain, MAUSAUSAUSA1961-01-091215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1946/balch/facts/
1946-peace-5071946PeaceJohn R. MottQ159726PersonJohn Raleigh MottMalefor his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries1/2received1865-05-2581Livingston Manor, NYUSAUSAUSA1955-01-311215243166301https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1946/mott/facts/
1945-physics-501945PhysicsWolfgang PauliQ65989PersonWolfgang PauliMalefor the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle1/1received1900-04-2545ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1958-12-15Princeton UniversityUSA1213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/pauli/facts/
1945-chemistry-2031945ChemistryArtturi VirtanenQ157239PersonArtturi Ilmari VirtanenMalefor his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method1/1received1895-01-1550HelsinkiRussian EmpireFinlandFIN1973-11-11University of HelsinkiFinland1213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1945/virtanen/facts/
1945-medicine-3391945Physiology or MedicineSir Alexander FlemingQ37064PersonSir Alexander FlemingMalefor the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases1/3received1881-08-0664LochfieldScotlandScotlandGBR1955-03-11London UniversityUnited Kingdom1213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/facts/
1945-medicine-3401945Physiology or MedicineErnst B. ChainQ58054PersonErnst Boris ChainMalefor the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases1/3received1906-06-1939BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1979-08-12University of OxfordUnited Kingdom1213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/chain/facts/
1945-medicine-3411945Physiology or MedicineSir Howard FloreyQ137106PersonSir Howard Walter FloreyMalefor the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases1/3received1898-09-2447AdelaideAustraliaAustraliaAUS1968-02-21University of OxfordUnited Kingdom1213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/florey/facts/
1945-literature-6151945LiteratureGabriela MistralQ80871PersonGabriela MistralFemalefor her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world1/1received1889-04-0756VicuñaChileChileCHL1957-01-101213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/mistral/facts/
1945-peace-5051945PeaceCordell HullQ202979PersonCordell HullMalefor his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations1/1received1871-10-0274Olympus, TNUSAUSAUSA1955-07-231213333161325https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1945/hull/facts/
1944-physics-491944PhysicsIsidor Isaac RabiQ165969PersonIsidor Isaac RabiMalefor his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei1/1received1898-07-2946RymanowAustria-HungaryPolandPOL1988-01-11Columbia UniversityUSA1218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1944/rabi/facts/
1944-chemistry-2021944ChemistryOtto HahnQ57065PersonOtto HahnMalefor his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei1/1received1879-03-0866Frankfurt-on-the-MainGermanyGermanyDEU1968-07-28Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für ChemieGermany1218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/hahn/facts/
1944-medicine-3371944Physiology or MedicineJoseph ErlangerQ243532PersonJoseph ErlangerMalefor their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres1/2received1874-01-0570San Francisco, CAUSAUSAUSA1965-12-05Washington UniversityUSA1218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1944/erlanger/facts/
1944-medicine-3381944Physiology or MedicineHerbert S. GasserQ273201PersonHerbert Spencer GasserMalefor their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres1/2received1888-07-0556Platteville, WIUSAUSAUSA1963-05-11Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA1218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1944/gasser/facts/
1944-literature-6141944LiteratureJohannes V. JensenQ159552PersonJohannes Vilhelm JensenMalefor the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style1/1received1873-01-2071FarsøDenmarkDenmarkDNK1950-11-251218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1944/jensen/facts/
1944-peace-4821944PeaceInternational Committee of the Red CrossQ5987345Organizationfor the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity1/1received1863GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1218413174561https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1944/red-cross/facts/
1943-physics-481943PhysicsOtto SternQ57072PersonOtto SternMalefor his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton1/1received1888-02-1756SorauGermanyPolandPOL1969-08-17Carnegie Institute of TechnologyUSA1236913187732https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1943/stern/facts/
1943-chemistry-2011943ChemistryGeorge de HevesyQ76951PersonGeorge de HevesyMalefor his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes1/1received1885-08-0159BudapestAustria-HungaryHungaryHUN1966-07-05Stockholm UniversitySweden1236913187732https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1943/hevesy/facts/
1943-medicine-3351943Physiology or MedicineHenrik DamQ190501PersonHenrik Carl Peter DamMalefor his discovery of vitamin K1/2received1895-02-2149CopenhagenDenmarkDenmarkDNK1976-04-17Polytechnic InstituteDenmark1236913187732https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1943/dam/facts/
1943-medicine-3361943Physiology or MedicineEdward A. DoisyQ230612PersonEdward Adelbert DoisyMalefor his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K1/2received1893-11-1350Hume, ILUSAUSAUSA1986-10-23Saint Louis UniversityUSA1236913187732https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1943/doisy/facts/
1939-physics-471939PhysicsErnest LawrenceQ169577PersonErnest Orlando LawrenceMalefor the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements1/1received1901-08-0838Canton, SDUSAUSAUSA1958-08-27University of CaliforniaUSA1488225346318https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/lawrence/facts/
1939-chemistry-1991939ChemistryAdolf ButenandtQ5327PersonAdolf Friedrich Johann ButenandtMalefor his work on sex hormones1/2received1903-03-2436Bremerhaven-LeheGermanyGermanyDEU1995-01-18Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie; Berlin UniversityGermany1488225346318https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1939/butenandt/facts/
1939-chemistry-2001939ChemistryLeopold RuzickaQ122996PersonLeopold RuzickaMalefor his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes1/2received1887-09-1352VukovarAustria-HungaryCroatiaHRV1976-09-26Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)Switzerland1488225346318https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1939/ruzicka/facts/
1939-medicine-3341939Physiology or MedicineGerhard DomagkQ57192PersonGerhard DomagkMalefor the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil1/1received1895-10-3043LagowGermanyPolandPOL1964-04-24Munster UniversityGermany1488225346318https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1939/domagk/facts/
1939-literature-6131939LiteratureFrans Eemil SillanpääQ132723PersonFrans Eemil SillanpääMalefor his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature1/1received1888-09-1651HämeenkyröRussian EmpireFinlandFIN1964-06-031488225346318https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1939/sillanpaa/facts/
1938-physics-461938PhysicsEnrico FermiQ8753PersonEnrico FermiMalefor his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons1/1received1901-09-2937RomeItalyItalyITA1954-11-28Rome UniversityItaly1550775745118https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/fermi/facts/
1938-chemistry-1981938ChemistryRichard KuhnQ78483PersonRichard KuhnMalefor his work on carotenoids and vitamins1/1received1900-12-0338ViennaAustria-HungaryAustriaAUT1967-07-31Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung; University of HeidelbergGermany1550775745118https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1938/kuhn/facts/
1938-medicine-3331938Physiology or MedicineCorneille HeymansQ156482PersonCorneille Jean François HeymansMalefor the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration1/1received1892-03-2847GhentBelgiumBelgiumBEL1968-07-18Ghent UniversityBelgium1550775745118https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1938/heymans/facts/
1938-literature-6101938LiteraturePearl BuckQ80900PersonPearl BuckFemalefor her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces1/1received1892-06-2646Hillsboro, WVUSAUSAUSA1973-03-061550775745118https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1938/buck/facts/
1938-peace-5031938PeaceNansen International Office for RefugeesQ743558Organizationfor having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe1/1received1921GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1550775745118https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1938/nansen/facts/
1937-physics-441937PhysicsClinton DavissonQ133222PersonClinton Joseph DavissonMalefor their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals1/2received1881-10-2256Bloomington, ILUSAUSAUSA1958-02-01Bell Telephone LaboratoriesUSA1584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/davisson/facts/
1937-physics-451937PhysicsGeorge Paget ThomsonQ133846PersonGeorge Paget ThomsonMalefor their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals1/2received1892-05-0345CambridgeUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1975-09-10London UniversityUnited Kingdom1584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/thomson/facts/
1937-chemistry-1961937ChemistryNorman HaworthQ204600PersonWalter Norman HaworthMalefor his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C1/2received1883-03-1954ChorleyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1950-03-19Birmingham UniversityUnited Kingdom1584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1937/haworth/facts/
1937-chemistry-1971937ChemistryPaul KarrerQ73093PersonPaul KarrerMalefor his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B21/2received1889-04-2148MoscowRussiaRussiaRUS1971-06-18University of ZurichSwitzerland1584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1937/karrer/facts/
1937-medicine-3321937Physiology or MedicineAlbert Szent-GyörgyiQ180468PersonAlbert von Szent-Györgyi NagyrápoltMalefor his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid1/1received1893-09-1644BudapestAustria-HungaryHungaryHUN1986-10-22Szeged UniversityHungary1584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1937/szent-gyorgyi/facts/
1937-literature-6091937LiteratureRoger Martin du GardQ129155PersonRoger Martin du GardMalefor the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>1/1received1881-03-2356Neuilly-sur-SeineFranceFranceFRA1958-08-221584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1937/gard/facts/
1937-peace-5021937PeaceRobert Cecil, Viscount Cecil of ChelwoodQ12702PersonEdgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of ChelwoodMalefor his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations, disarmament and peace1/1received1864-09-1473LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1958-11-241584635963742https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1937/chelwood/facts/
1936-physics-421936PhysicsVictor F. HessQ78520PersonVictor Franz HessMalefor his discovery of cosmic radiation1/2received1883-06-2453PeggauAustriaAustriaAUT1964-12-17Innsbruck UniversityAustria1598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/hess/facts/
1936-physics-431936PhysicsCarl D. AndersonQ169366PersonCarl David AndersonMalefor his discovery of the positron1/2received1905-09-0331New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1991-01-11California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/anderson/facts/
1936-chemistry-1951936ChemistryPeter DebyeQ103835PersonPetrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus DebyeMalefor his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases1/1received1884-03-2452Maastrichtthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1966-11-02Berlin University; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für PhysikGermany1598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1936/debye/facts/
1936-medicine-3301936Physiology or MedicineSir Henry DaleQ72194PersonSir Henry Hallett DaleMalefor their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses1/2received1875-06-0961LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1968-07-23National Institute for Medical ResearchUnited Kingdom1598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1936/dale/facts/
1936-medicine-3311936Physiology or MedicineOtto LoewiQ77173PersonOtto LoewiMalefor their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses1/2received1873-06-0363Frankfurt-on-the-MainGermanyGermanyDEU1961-12-25Graz UniversityAustria1598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1936/loewi/facts/
1936-literature-6081936LiteratureEugene O'NeillQ93157PersonEugene Gladstone O'NeillMalefor the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy1/1received1888-10-1648New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1953-11-271598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1936/oneill/facts/
1936-peace-5011936PeaceCarlos Saavedra LamasQ193672PersonCarlos Saavedra LamasMalefor his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933, which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 19351/1received1878-11-0158Buenos AiresArgentinaArgentinaARG1959-05-051598506213186https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1936/lamas/facts/
1935-physics-411935PhysicsJames ChadwickQ80884PersonJames ChadwickMalefor the discovery of the neutron1/1received1891-10-2044ManchesterUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1974-07-24Liverpool UniversityUnited Kingdom1599176319387https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/chadwick/facts/
1935-chemistry-1931935ChemistryFrédéric JoliotQ150989PersonFrédéric JoliotMalein recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements1/2received1900-03-1935ParisFranceFranceFRA1958-08-14Institut du RadiumFrance1599176319387https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-fred/facts/
1935-chemistry-1941935ChemistryIrène Joliot-CurieQ7504PersonIrène Joliot-CurieFemalein recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements1/2received1897-09-1238ParisFranceFranceFRA1956-03-17Institut du RadiumFrance1599176319387https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/joliot-curie/facts/
1935-medicine-3291935Physiology or MedicineHans SpemannQ57568PersonHans SpemannMalefor his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development1/1received1869-06-2766StuttgartWürttembergGermanyDEU1941-09-12University of Freiburg im BreisgauGermany1599176319387https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1935/spemann/facts/
1935-peace-5001935PeaceCarl von OssietzkyQ76358PersonCarl von OssietzkyMalefor his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace1/1received1889-10-0347HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1938-05-041599176319387https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1935/ossietzky/facts/
1934-chemistry-1921934ChemistryHarold C. UreyQ179777PersonHarold Clayton UreyMalefor his discovery of heavy hydrogen1/1received1893-04-2941Walkerton, INUSAUSAUSA1981-01-05Columbia UniversityUSA1626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1934/urey/facts/
1934-medicine-3261934Physiology or MedicineGeorge H. WhippleQ273238PersonGeorge Hoyt WhippleMalefor their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia1/3received1878-08-2856Ashland, NHUSAUSAUSA1976-02-01University of RochesterUSA1626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/whipple/facts/
1934-medicine-3271934Physiology or MedicineGeorge R. MinotQ245000PersonGeorge Richards MinotMalefor their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia1/3received1885-12-0248Boston, MAUSAUSAUSA1950-02-25Harvard UniversityUSA1626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/minot/facts/
1934-medicine-3281934Physiology or MedicineWilliam P. MurphyQ80323PersonWilliam Parry MurphyMalefor their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia1/3received1892-02-0642Stoughton, WIUSAUSAUSA1987-10-09Harvard University; Peter Brent Brigham HospitalUSA1626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/murphy/facts/
1934-literature-6071934LiteratureLuigi PirandelloQ1403PersonLuigi PirandelloMalefor his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art1/1received1867-06-2867Agrigento, SicilyItalyItalyITA1936-12-101626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1934/pirandello/facts/
1934-peace-4991934PeaceArthur HendersonQ208665PersonArthur HendersonMalefor his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-341/1received1863-09-1371GlasgowScotlandScotlandGBR1935-10-201626086534637https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1934/henderson/facts/
1933-physics-391933PhysicsErwin SchrödingerQ9130PersonErwin SchrödingerMalefor the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory1/2received1887-08-1246ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1961-01-04Berlin UniversityGermany1703326845037https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/schrodinger/facts/
1933-physics-401933PhysicsPaul A.M. DiracQ47480PersonPaul Adrien Maurice DiracMalefor the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory1/2received1902-08-0831BristolUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1984-10-20University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1703326845037https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/dirac/facts/
1933-medicine-3251933Physiology or MedicineThomas H. MorganQ177681PersonThomas Hunt MorganMalefor his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity1/1received1866-09-2567Lexington, KYUSAUSAUSA1945-12-04California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1703326845037https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1933/morgan/facts/
1933-literature-6061933LiteratureIvan BuninQ46602PersonIvan Alekseyevich BuninMalefor the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing1/1received1870-10-2263VoronezhRussiaRussiaRUS1953-11-081703326845037https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1933/bunin/facts/
1933-peace-4981933PeaceSir Norman AngellQ272224PersonSir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)Malefor having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace1/1received1872-12-2661HolbeachUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1967-10-071703326845037https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1933/angell/facts/
1932-physics-381932PhysicsWerner HeisenbergQ40904PersonWerner Karl HeisenbergMalefor the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen1/1received1901-12-0531WürzburgGermanyGermanyDEU1976-02-01Leipzig UniversityGermany1717536675842https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1932/heisenberg/facts/
1932-chemistry-1911932ChemistryIrving LangmuirQ184286PersonIrving LangmuirMalefor his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry1/1received1881-01-3151Brooklyn, NYUSAUSAUSA1957-08-16General Electric CompanyUSA1717536675842https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1932/langmuir/facts/
1932-medicine-3231932Physiology or MedicineSir Charles SherringtonQ213504PersonSir Charles Scott SherringtonMalefor their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons1/2received1857-11-2774LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1952-03-04University of OxfordUnited Kingdom1717536675842https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1932/sherrington/facts/
1932-medicine-3241932Physiology or MedicineEdgar AdrianQ231292PersonEdgar Douglas AdrianMalefor their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons1/2received1889-11-3042LondonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1977-08-08University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1717536675842https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1932/adrian/facts/
1932-literature-6051932LiteratureJohn GalsworthyQ82248PersonJohn GalsworthyMalefor his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>1/1received1867-08-1465Kingston HillUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1933-01-311717536675842https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1932/galsworthy/facts/
1931-chemistry-1891931ChemistryCarl BoschQ76606PersonCarl BoschMalein recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods1/2received1874-08-2757CologneGermanyGermanyDEU1940-04-26University of Heidelberg; I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.Germany1732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1931/bosch/facts/
1931-chemistry-1901931ChemistryFriedrich BergiusQ76614PersonFriedrich BergiusMalein recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods1/2received1884-10-1147Goldschmieden, near BreslauGermanyPolandPOL1949-03-30University of Heidelberg; I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.Germany1732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1931/bergius/facts/
1931-medicine-3221931Physiology or MedicineOtto WarburgQ76464PersonOtto Heinrich WarburgMalefor his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme1/1received1883-10-0848Freiburg im BreisgauGermanyGermanyDEU1970-08-01Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für BiologieGermany1732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1931/warburg/facts/
1931-literature-6041931LiteratureErik Axel KarlfeldtQ134641PersonErik Axel KarlfeldtMaleThe poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt1/1received1864-07-2067KarlboSwedenSwedenSWE1931-04-081732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1931/karlfeldt/facts/
1931-peace-4961931PeaceJane AddamsQ180989PersonJane AddamsFemalefor their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind1/2received1860-09-0671Cedarville, ILUSAUSAUSA1935-05-211732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/facts/
1931-peace-4971931PeaceNicholas Murray ButlerQ271517PersonNicholas Murray ButlerMalefor their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind1/2received1862-04-0269Elizabeth, NJUSAUSAUSA1947-12-07Columbia UniversityUSA1732066623733https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/butler/facts/
1930-physics-371930PhysicsSir Chandrasekhara Venkata RamanQ60429PersonSir Chandrasekhara Venkata RamanMalefor his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him1/1received1888-11-0742TiruchirappalliIndiaIndiaIND1970-11-21Calcutta UniversityIndia1729476407146https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/raman/facts/
1930-chemistry-1881930ChemistryHans FischerQ76604PersonHans FischerMalefor his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin1/1received1881-07-2749HoechstGermanyGermanyDEU1945-03-31Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology)Germany1729476407146https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1930/fischer/facts/
1930-medicine-3211930Physiology or MedicineKarl LandsteinerQ84405PersonKarl LandsteinerMalefor his discovery of human blood groups1/1received1868-06-1462ViennaAustrian EmpireAustriaAUT1943-06-26Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA1729476407146https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1930/landsteiner/facts/
1930-literature-6031930LiteratureSinclair LewisQ123469PersonSinclair LewisMalefor his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters1/1received1885-02-0745Sauk Centre, MNUSAUSAUSA1951-01-101729476407146https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1930/lewis/facts/
1930-peace-4951930PeaceNathan SöderblomQ159723PersonLars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) SöderblomMalefor promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'1/1received1866-01-1564TrönöSwedenSwedenSWE1931-07-121729476407146https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1930/soderblom/facts/
1929-physics-361929PhysicsLouis de BroglieQ83331PersonPrince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de BroglieMalefor his discovery of the wave nature of electrons1/1received1892-08-1537DieppeFranceFranceFRA1987-03-19Sorbonne University, Institut Henri PoincaréFrance1727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/broglie/facts/
1929-chemistry-1861929ChemistryArthur HardenQ189803PersonArthur HardenMalefor their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes1/2received1865-10-1264ManchesterUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1940-06-17London UniversityUnited Kingdom1727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1929/harden/facts/
1929-chemistry-1871929ChemistryHans von Euler-ChelpinQ76613PersonHans Karl August Simon von Euler-ChelpinMalefor their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes1/2received1873-02-1556AugsburgGermanyGermanyDEU1964-11-06Stockholm UniversitySweden1727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1929/euler-chelpin/facts/
1929-medicine-3191929Physiology or MedicineChristiaan EijkmanQ107609PersonChristiaan EijkmanMalefor his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin1/2received1858-08-1171Nijkerkthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1930-11-05Utrecht Universitythe Netherlands1727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/eijkman/facts/
1929-medicine-3201929Physiology or MedicineSir Frederick HopkinsQ233976PersonSir Frederick Gowland HopkinsMalefor his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins1/2received1861-06-2068EastbourneUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1947-05-16University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/hopkins/facts/
1929-literature-6021929LiteratureThomas MannQ37030PersonThomas MannMaleprincipally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature1/1received1875-06-0654LübeckGermanyGermanyDEU1955-08-121727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1929/mann/facts/
1929-peace-4941929PeaceFrank B. KelloggQ193009PersonFrank Billings KelloggMalefor his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact1/1received1856-12-2273Potsdam, NYUSAUSAUSA1937-12-211727606206272https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1929/kellogg/facts/
1928-physics-351928PhysicsOwen Willans RichardsonQ169330PersonOwen Willans RichardsonMalefor his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him1/1received1879-04-2650DewsburyUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1959-02-15London UniversityUnited Kingdom1569395637915https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1928/richardson/facts/
1928-chemistry-1851928ChemistryAdolf WindausQ77142PersonAdolf Otto Reinhold WindausMalefor the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins1/1received1876-12-2551BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1959-06-09Goettingen UniversityGermany1569395637915https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1928/windaus/facts/
1928-medicine-3181928Physiology or MedicineCharles NicolleQ233965PersonCharles Jules Henri NicolleMalefor his work on typhus1/1received1866-09-2162RouenFranceFranceFRA1936-02-28Institut PasteurTunisia1569395637915https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1928/nicolle/facts/
1928-literature-6011928LiteratureSigrid UndsetQ80889PersonSigrid UndsetFemaleprincipally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages1/1received1882-05-2046KalundborgDenmarkDenmarkDNK1949-06-101569395637915https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1928/undset/facts/
1927-physics-331927PhysicsArthur H. ComptonQ127944PersonArthur Holly ComptonMalefor his discovery of the effect named after him1/2received1892-09-1035Wooster, OHUSAUSAUSA1962-03-15University of ChicagoUSA1265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/compton/facts/
1927-physics-341927PhysicsC.T.R. WilsonQ162900PersonCharles Thomson Rees WilsonMalefor his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour1/2received1869-02-1458GlencorseScotlandScotlandGBR1959-11-15University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/wilson/facts/
1927-chemistry-1841927ChemistryHeinrich WielandQ76610PersonHeinrich Otto WielandMalefor his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances1/1received1877-06-0451PforzheimGermanyGermanyDEU1957-08-05Munich UniversityGermany1265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1927/wieland/facts/
1927-medicine-3171927Physiology or MedicineJulius Wagner-JaureggQ78479PersonJulius Wagner-JaureggMalefor his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica1/1received1857-03-0770WelsAustriaAustriaAUT1940-09-27Vienna UniversityAustria1265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1927/wagner-jauregg/facts/
1927-literature-6001927LiteratureHenri BergsonQ42156PersonHenri BergsonMalein recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented1/1received1859-10-1869ParisFranceFranceFRA1941-01-041265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1927/bergson/facts/
1927-peace-4921927PeaceFerdinand BuissonQ273607PersonFerdinand BuissonMalefor their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation1/2received1841-12-2085ParisFranceFranceFRA1932-02-161265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1927/buisson/facts/
1927-peace-4931927PeaceLudwig QuiddeQ76696PersonLudwig QuiddeMalefor their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation1/2received1858-03-2369BremenGermanyGermanyDEU1941-03-041265014544453https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1927/quidde/facts/
1926-physics-321926PhysicsJean Baptiste PerrinQ134085PersonJean Baptiste PerrinMalefor his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium1/1received1870-09-3056LilleFranceFranceFRA1942-04-17Sorbonne UniversityFrance1169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/perrin/facts/
1926-chemistry-1831926ChemistryThe SvedbergQ186391PersonThe (Theodor) SvedbergMalefor his work on disperse systems1/1received1884-08-3042FlerängSwedenSwedenSWE1971-02-25Uppsala UniversitySweden1169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1926/svedberg/facts/
1926-medicine-3161926Physiology or MedicineJohannes FibigerQ216324PersonJohannes Andreas Grib FibigerMalefor his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma1/1received1867-04-2360SilkeborgDenmarkDenmarkDNK1928-01-30Copenhagen UniversityDenmark1169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1926/fibiger/facts/
1926-literature-5971926LiteratureGrazia DeleddaQ7728PersonGrazia DeleddaFemalefor her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general1/1received1871-09-2756Nuoro, SardiniaItalyItalyITA1936-08-151169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1926/deledda/facts/
1926-peace-4901926PeaceAristide BriandQ179888PersonAristide BriandMalefor their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty1/2received1862-03-2864NantesFranceFranceFRA1932-03-071169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1926/briand/facts/
1926-peace-4911926PeaceGustav StresemannQ103955PersonGustav StresemannMalefor their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty1/2received1878-05-1048BerlinGermanyGermanyDEU1929-10-031169604138987https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1926/stresemann/facts/
1925-physics-301925PhysicsJames FranckQ57066PersonJames FranckMalefor their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom1/2received1882-08-2644HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1964-05-21Goettingen UniversityGermany1181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1925/franck/facts/
1925-physics-311925PhysicsGustav HertzQ57070PersonGustav Ludwig HertzMalefor their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom1/2received1887-07-2239HamburgGermanyGermanyDEU1975-10-30Halle UniversityGermany1181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1925/hertz/facts/
1925-chemistry-1821925ChemistryRichard ZsigmondyQ78481PersonRichard Adolf ZsigmondyMalefor his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry1/1received1865-04-0161ViennaAustrian EmpireAustriaAUT1929-09-24Goettingen UniversityGermany1181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1925/zsigmondy/facts/
1925-literature-5961925LiteratureGeorge Bernard ShawQ19185PersonGeorge Bernard ShawMalefor his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty1/1received1856-07-2670DublinIrelandIrelandIRL1950-11-021181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1925/shaw/facts/
1925-peace-4881925PeaceSir Austen ChamberlainQ188999PersonSir Austen ChamberlainMalefor his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty1/2received1863-10-1663BirminghamUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1937-03-161181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1925/chamberlain/facts/
1925-peace-4891925PeaceCharles G. DawesQ184565PersonCharles Gates DawesMalefor his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan1/2received1865-08-2761Marietta, OHUSAUSAUSA1951-04-231181654060423https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1925/dawes/facts/
1924-physics-291924PhysicsManne SiegbahnQ170741PersonKarl Manne Georg SiegbahnMalefor his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy1/1received1886-12-0338ÖrebroSwedenSwedenSWE1978-09-26Uppsala UniversitySweden1167194069717https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/siegbahn/facts/
1924-medicine-3151924Physiology or MedicineWillem EinthovenQ189488PersonWillem EinthovenMalefor his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram1/1received1860-05-2164SemarangJava, Dutch East IndiesIndonesiaIDN1927-09-29Leiden Universitythe Netherlands1167194069717https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1924/einthoven/facts/
1924-literature-5941924LiteratureWładysław ReymontQ121180PersonWładysław Stanisław ReymontMalefor his great national epic, <I>The Peasants</I>1/1received1867-05-0757Kobiele WielkieRussian EmpirePolandPOL1925-12-051167194069717https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1924/reymont/facts/
1923-physics-281923PhysicsRobert A. MillikanQ130975PersonRobert Andrews MillikanMalefor his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect1/1received1868-03-2255Morrison, ILUSAUSAUSA1953-12-19California Institute of Technology (Caltech)USA1149354007513https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/millikan/facts/
1923-chemistry-1811923ChemistryFritz PreglQ78482PersonFritz PreglMalefor his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances1/1received1869-09-0354LaibachAustria-HungarySloveniaSVN1930-12-13Graz UniversityAustria1149354007513https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1923/pregl/facts/
1923-medicine-3131923Physiology or MedicineFrederick G. BantingQ180350PersonFrederick Grant BantingMalefor the discovery of insulin1/2received1891-11-1431AllistonCanadaCanadaCAN1941-02-21University of TorontoCanada1149354007513https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1923/banting/facts/
1923-medicine-3141923Physiology or MedicineJohn MacleodQ232024PersonJohn James Rickard MacleodMalefor the discovery of insulin1/2received1876-09-0647ClunyScotlandScotlandGBR1935-03-16University of TorontoCanada1149354007513https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1923/macleod/facts/
1923-literature-5931923LiteratureWilliam Butler YeatsQ40213PersonWilliam Butler YeatsMalefor his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation1/1received1865-06-1358DublinIrelandIrelandIRL1939-01-281149354007513https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/yeats/facts/
1922-physics-271922PhysicsNiels BohrQ7085PersonNiels Henrik David BohrMalefor his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them1/1received1885-10-0737CopenhagenDenmarkDenmarkDNK1962-11-18Copenhagen UniversityDenmark1224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/bohr/facts/
1922-chemistry-1801922ChemistryFrancis W. AstonQ102291PersonFrancis William AstonMalefor his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule1/1received1877-09-0145HarborneUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1945-11-20University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/facts/
1922-medicine-3111922Physiology or MedicineArchibald V. HillQ155375PersonArchibald Vivian HillMalefor his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle1/2received1886-09-2636BristolUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1977-06-03London UniversityUnited Kingdom1224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1922/hill/facts/
1922-medicine-3121922Physiology or MedicineOtto MeyerhofQ57132PersonOtto Fritz MeyerhofMalefor his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle1/2received1884-04-1238HanoverGermanyGermanyDEU1951-10-06Kiel UniversityGermany1224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1922/meyerhof/facts/
1922-literature-5921922LiteratureJacinto BenaventeQ83184PersonJacinto BenaventeMalefor the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama1/1received1866-08-1256MadridSpainSpainESP1954-07-141224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1922/benavente/facts/
1922-peace-4871922PeaceFridtjof NansenQ72292PersonFridtjof NansenMalefor his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war, in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees1/1received1861-10-1061KristianiaNorwayNorwayNOR1930-05-131224833978181https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1922/nansen/facts/
1921-physics-261921PhysicsAlbert EinsteinQ937PersonAlbert EinsteinMalefor his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect1/1received1879-03-1443UlmGermanyGermanyDEU1955-04-18Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für PhysikGermany1215733202773https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/facts/
1921-chemistry-1791921ChemistryFrederick SoddyQ102830PersonFrederick SoddyMalefor his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes1/1received1877-09-0245EastbourneUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1956-09-22University of OxfordUnited Kingdom1215733202773https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1921/soddy/facts/
1921-literature-5901921LiteratureAnatole FranceQ42443PersonAnatole FranceMalein recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament1/1received1844-04-1677ParisFranceFranceFRA1924-10-121215733202773https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1921/france/facts/
1921-peace-4851921PeaceHjalmar BrantingQ53620PersonKarl Hjalmar BrantingMalefor their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism1/2received1860-11-2361StockholmSwedenSwedenSWE1925-02-241215733202773https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1921/branting/facts/
1921-peace-4861921PeaceChristian LangeQ206446PersonChristian Lous LangeMalefor their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism1/2received1869-09-1752StavangerNorwayNorwayNOR1938-12-111215733202773https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1921/lange/facts/
1920-physics-251920PhysicsCharles Edouard GuillaumeQ123026PersonCharles Edouard GuillaumeMalein recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys1/1received1861-02-1559FleurierSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1938-06-13Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)France1341003028106https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1920/guillaume/facts/
1920-chemistry-1781920ChemistryWalther NernstQ57125PersonWalther Hermann NernstMalein recognition of his work in thermochemistry1/1received1864-06-2557BriesenPrussiaPolandPOL1941-11-18Berlin UniversityGermany1341003028106https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1920/nernst/facts/
1920-medicine-3101920Physiology or MedicineAugust KroghQ152187PersonSchack August Steenberg KroghMalefor his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism1/1received1874-11-1545GrenåDenmarkDenmarkDNK1949-09-13Copenhagen UniversityDenmark1341003028106https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1920/krogh/facts/
1920-literature-5891920LiteratureKnut HamsunQ40826PersonKnut Pedersen HamsunMalefor his monumental work, <I>Growth of the Soil</I>1/1received1859-08-0461LomNorwayNorwayNOR1952-02-191341003028106https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1920/hamsun/facts/
1920-peace-4841920PeaceLéon BourgeoisQ217706PersonLéon Victor Auguste BourgeoisMalefor his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations1/1received1851-05-2169ParisFranceFranceFRA1925-09-291341003028106https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1920/bourgeois/facts/
1919-physics-241919PhysicsJohannes StarkQ57092PersonJohannes StarkMalefor his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields1/1received1874-04-1545SchickenhofGermanyGermanyDEU1957-06-21Greifswald UniversityGermany1331273006134https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1919/stark/facts/
1919-medicine-3091919Physiology or MedicineJules BordetQ211787PersonJules BordetMalefor his discoveries relating to immunity1/1received1870-06-1350SoigniesBelgiumBelgiumBEL1961-04-06Brussels UniversityBelgium1331273006134https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1919/bordet/facts/
1919-literature-5881919LiteratureCarl SpittelerQ226525PersonCarl Friedrich Georg SpittelerMalein special appreciation of his epic, <I>Olympian Spring</I>1/1received1845-04-2475LiestalSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1924-12-291331273006134https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1919/spitteler/facts/
1919-peace-4831919PeaceWoodrow WilsonQ34296PersonThomas Woodrow WilsonMalefor his role as founder of the League of Nations1/1received1856-12-2863Staunton, VAUSAUSAUSA1924-02-031331273006134https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1919/wilson/facts/
1918-physics-231918PhysicsMax PlanckQ9021PersonMax Karl Ernst Ludwig PlanckMalein recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta1/1received1858-04-2361KielSchleswigGermanyDEU1947-10-04Berlin UniversityGermany1381983600741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/planck/facts/
1918-chemistry-1771918ChemistryFritz HaberQ57075PersonFritz HaberMalefor the synthesis of ammonia from its elements1/1received1868-12-0950BreslauPrussiaPolandPOL1934-01-29Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und ElectrochemieGermany1381983600741https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1918/haber/facts/
1917-physics-221917PhysicsCharles Glover BarklaQ160522PersonCharles Glover BarklaMalefor his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements1/1received1877-06-0741WidnesUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1944-10-23Edinburgh UniversityUnited Kingdom1338234957724https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1917/barkla/facts/
1917-literature-5861917LiteratureKarl GjellerupQ131487PersonKarl Adolph GjellerupMalefor his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals1/2received1857-06-0260RoholteDenmarkDenmarkDNK1919-10-111338234957724https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1917/gjellerup/facts/
1917-literature-5871917LiteratureHenrik PontoppidanQ225554PersonHenrik PontoppidanMalefor his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark1/2received1857-07-2460FredericiaDenmarkDenmarkDNK1943-08-211338234957724https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1917/pontoppidan/facts/
1917-peace-4821917PeaceInternational Committee of the Red CrossQ5987345Organizationfor the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families1/1received1863GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1338234957724https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1917/red-cross/facts/
1916-literature-5851916LiteratureVerner von HeidenstamQ129173PersonCarl Gustaf Verner von HeidenstamMalein recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature1/1received1859-07-0657OlshammarSwedenSwedenSWE1940-05-201317936127082https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1916/heidenstam/facts/
1915-physics-201915PhysicsWilliam BraggQ133747PersonSir William Henry BraggMalefor their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays1/2received1862-07-0253WigtonUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1942-03-12University CollegeUnited Kingdom1492237862394https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/wh-bragg/facts/
1915-physics-211915PhysicsLawrence BraggQ131729PersonWilliam Lawrence BraggMalefor their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays1/2received1890-03-3125AdelaideAustraliaAustraliaAUS1971-07-01Victoria UniversityUnited Kingdom1492237862394https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/wl-bragg/facts/
1915-chemistry-1761915ChemistryRichard WillstätterQ77072PersonRichard Martin WillstätterMalefor his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll1/1received1872-08-1343KarlsruheGermanyGermanyDEU1942-08-03Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie; Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitätGermany1492237862394https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1915/willstatter/facts/
1915-literature-5841915LiteratureRomain RollandQ47162PersonRomain RollandMaleas a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings1/1received1866-01-2950ClamecyFranceFranceFRA1944-12-301492237862394https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1915/rolland/facts/
1914-physics-191914PhysicsMax von LaueQ57067PersonMax von LaueMalefor his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals1/1received1879-10-0936PfaffendorfGermanyGermanyDEU1960-04-23Frankfurt-on-the-Main UniversityGermany1469008930767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1914/laue/facts/
1914-chemistry-1751914ChemistryTheodore W. RichardsQ189465PersonTheodore William RichardsMalein recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements1/1received1868-01-3147Germantown, PAUSAUSAUSA1928-04-02Harvard UniversityUSA1469008930767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1914/richards/facts/
1914-medicine-3081914Physiology or MedicineRobert BárányQ78478PersonRobert BárányMalefor his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus1/1received1876-04-2239ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1936-04-08Vienna UniversityAustria1469008930767https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1914/barany/facts/
1913-physics-181913PhysicsHeike Kamerlingh OnnesQ62891PersonHeike Kamerlingh OnnesMalefor his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium1/1received1853-09-2160Groningenthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1926-02-21Leiden Universitythe Netherlands1430108694275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/onnes/facts/
1913-chemistry-1741913ChemistryAlfred WernerQ123014PersonAlfred WernerMalein recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry1/1received1866-12-1246MulhouseFranceFranceFRA1919-11-15University of ZurichSwitzerland1430108694275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1913/werner/facts/
1913-medicine-3071913Physiology or MedicineCharles RichetQ214851PersonCharles Robert RichetMalein recognition of his work on anaphylaxis1/1received1850-08-2663ParisFranceFranceFRA1935-12-04Sorbonne UniversityFrance1430108694275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/richet/facts/
1913-literature-5831913LiteratureRabindranath TagoreQ7241PersonRabindranath TagoreMalebecause of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West1/1received1861-05-0752CalcuttaIndiaIndiaIND1941-08-071430108694275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1913/tagore/facts/
1913-peace-4811913PeaceHenri La FontaineQ190894PersonHenri La FontaineMalefor his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism1/1received1854-04-2259BrusselsBelgiumBelgiumBEL1943-05-141430108694275https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1913/fontaine/facts/
1912-physics-171912PhysicsGustaf DalénQ160518PersonNils Gustaf DalénMalefor his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys1/1received1869-11-3042StenstorpSwedenSwedenSWE1937-12-09Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co.Sweden1404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1912/dalen/facts/
1912-chemistry-1721912ChemistryVictor GrignardQ104582PersonVictor GrignardMalefor the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry1/2received1871-05-0641CherbourgFranceFranceFRA1935-12-13Nancy UniversityFrance1404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1912/grignard/facts/
1912-chemistry-1731912ChemistryPaul SabatierQ104575PersonPaul SabatierMalefor his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years1/2received1854-11-0558CarcassonneFranceFranceFRA1941-08-14Toulouse UniversityFrance1404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1912/sabatier/facts/
1912-medicine-3061912Physiology or MedicineAlexis CarrelQ185777PersonAlexis CarrelMalein recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs1/1received1873-06-2839Sainte-Foy-lès-LyonFranceFranceFRA1944-11-05Rockefeller Institute for Medical ResearchUSA1404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/facts/
1912-literature-5821912LiteratureGerhart HauptmannQ43523PersonGerhart Johann Robert HauptmannMaleprimarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art1/1received1862-11-1549Bad SalzbrunnPrussiaPolandPOL1946-06-061404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1912/hauptmann/facts/
1912-peace-4801912PeaceElihu RootQ220619PersonElihu RootMalefor bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries1/1received1845-02-1568Clinton, NYUSAUSAUSA1937-02-071404768540220https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1912/root/facts/
1911-physics-161911PhysicsWilhelm WienQ57068PersonWilhelm WienMalefor his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat1/1received1864-01-1347GaffkenPrussiaRussiaRUS1928-08-30Würzburg UniversityGermany1406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1911/wien/facts/
1911-chemistry-61911ChemistryMarie CurieQ7186PersonMarie Curie, née SkłodowskaFemalein recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element1/1received1867-11-0744WarsawRussian EmpirePolandPOL1934-07-04Sorbonne UniversityFrance1406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/facts/
1911-medicine-3051911Physiology or MedicineAllvar GullstrandQ192651PersonAllvar GullstrandMalefor his work on the dioptrics of the eye1/1received1862-06-0549LandskronaSwedenSwedenSWE1930-07-28Uppsala UniversitySweden1406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1911/gullstrand/facts/
1911-literature-5811911LiteratureMaurice MaeterlinckQ49747PersonCount Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard MaeterlinckMalein appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations1/1received1862-08-2949GhentBelgiumBelgiumBEL1949-05-061406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1911/maeterlinck/facts/
1911-peace-4781911PeaceTobias AsserQ216872PersonTobias Michael Carel AsserMalefor his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international, initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague, and pioneer in the field of international legal relations1/2received1838-04-2873Amsterdamthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1913-07-291406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1911/asser/facts/
1911-peace-4791911PeaceAlfred FriedQ78488PersonAlfred Hermann FriedMalefor his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war, namely, the anarchy in international relations1/2received1864-11-1147ViennaAustriaAustriaAUT1921-05-041406959266329https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1911/fried/facts/
1910-physics-151910PhysicsJohannes Diderik van der WaalsQ131721PersonJohannes Diderik van der WaalsMalefor his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids1/1received1837-11-2372Leidenthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1923-03-08Amsterdam Universitythe Netherlands1407039016400https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1910/waals/facts/
1910-chemistry-1691910ChemistryOtto WallachQ57127PersonOtto WallachMalein recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds1/1received1847-03-2763KoenigsbergGermanyRussiaRUS1931-02-26Goettingen UniversityGermany1407039016400https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1910/wallach/facts/
1910-medicine-3041910Physiology or MedicineAlbrecht KosselQ57128PersonAlbrecht KosselMalein recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances1/1received1853-09-1657RostockMecklenburgGermanyDEU1927-07-05University of HeidelbergGermany1407039016400https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1910/kossel/facts/
1910-literature-5801910LiteraturePaul HeyseQ76487PersonPaul Johann Ludwig HeyseMaleas a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories1/1received1830-03-1580BerlinPrussiaGermanyDEU1914-04-021407039016400https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1910/heyse/facts/
1910-peace-4771910PeacePermanent International Peace BureauQ252420Organizationfor acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries, and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement1/1received1891BernSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1407039016400https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1910/peace-bureau/facts/
1909-physics-131909PhysicsGuglielmo MarconiQ36488PersonGuglielmo MarconiMalein recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy1/2received1874-04-2535BolognaItalyItalyITA1937-07-20Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd.United Kingdom1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1909/marconi/facts/
1909-physics-141909PhysicsFerdinand BraunQ57077PersonKarl Ferdinand BraunMalein recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy1/2received1850-06-0659FuldaHesse-KasselGermanyDEU1918-04-20Strasbourg UniversityGermany1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1909/braun/facts/
1909-chemistry-1681909ChemistryWilhelm OstwaldQ12658PersonWilhelm OstwaldMalein recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction1/1received1853-09-0256RigaRussian EmpireLatviaLVA1932-04-04Leipzig UniversityGermany1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1909/ostwald/facts/
1909-medicine-3031909Physiology or MedicineTheodor KocherQ115478PersonEmil Theodor KocherMalefor his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland1/1received1841-08-2568BernSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1917-07-27Berne UniversitySwitzerland1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1909/kocher/facts/
1909-literature-5791909LiteratureSelma LagerlöfQ44519PersonSelma Ottilia Lovisa LagerlöfFemalein appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings1/1received1858-11-2050MårbackaSwedenSwedenSWE1940-03-161398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1909/lagerlof/facts/
1909-peace-4751909PeaceAuguste BeernaertQ202049PersonAuguste Marie François BeernaertMalefor their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration1/2received1829-07-2680OstendBelgiumBelgiumBEL1912-10-061398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1909/beernaert/facts/
1909-peace-4761909PeacePaul Henri d'Estournelles de ConstantQ238731PersonPaul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de RebecqueMalefor their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration1/2received1852-11-2257La FlècheFranceFranceFRA1924-05-151398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1909/balluet/facts/
1908-physics-121908PhysicsGabriel LippmannQ133232PersonGabriel LippmannMalefor his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference1/1received1845-08-1663HollerichLuxembourgLuxembourgLUX1921-07-13Sorbonne UniversityFrance1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/lippmann/facts/
1908-chemistry-1671908ChemistryErnest RutherfordQ9123PersonErnest RutherfordMalefor his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances1/1received1871-08-3037NelsonNew ZealandNew ZealandNZL1937-10-19Victoria UniversityUnited Kingdom1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/facts/
1908-medicine-3011908Physiology or MedicineIlya MechnikovQ172254PersonIlya Ilyich MechnikovMalein recognition of their work on immunity1/2received1845-05-1563KharkovRussian EmpireUkraineUKR1916-07-15Institut PasteurFrance1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1908/mechnikov/facts/
1908-medicine-3021908Physiology or MedicinePaul EhrlichQ57089PersonPaul EhrlichMalein recognition of their work on immunity1/2received1854-03-1454StrehlenPrussiaPolandPOL1915-08-20Goettingen University; Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy)Germany1398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1908/ehrlich/facts/
1908-literature-5781908LiteratureRudolf EuckenQ47695PersonRudolf Christoph EuckenMalein recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life1/1received1846-01-0562AurichEast FrieslandGermanyDEU1926-09-141398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1908/eucken/facts/
1908-peace-4731908PeaceKlas Pontus ArnoldsonQ192618PersonKlas Pontus ArnoldsonMalefor their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians, peace society leaders, orators and authors1/2received1844-10-2764GothenburgSwedenSwedenSWE1916-02-201398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1908/arnoldson/facts/
1908-peace-4741908PeaceFredrik BajerQ191016PersonFredrik BajerMalefor their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians, peace society leaders, orators and authors1/2received1837-04-2171NæstvedDenmarkDenmarkDNK1922-01-221398008958535https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1908/bajer/facts/
1907-physics-111907PhysicsAlbert A. MichelsonQ127234PersonAlbert Abraham MichelsonMalefor his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid1/1received1852-12-1954StrelnoPrussiaPolandPOL1931-05-09University of ChicagoUSA1387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1907/michelson/facts/
1907-chemistry-1661907ChemistryEduard BuchnerQ43917PersonEduard BuchnerMalefor his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation1/1received1860-05-2047MunichBavariaGermanyDEU1917-08-13Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College)Germany1387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1907/buchner/facts/
1907-medicine-3001907Physiology or MedicineAlphonse LaveranQ189006PersonCharles Louis Alphonse LaveranMalein recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases1/1received1845-06-1862ParisFranceFranceFRA1922-05-18Institut PasteurFrance1387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1907/laveran/facts/
1907-literature-5771907LiteratureRudyard KiplingQ34743PersonRudyard KiplingMalein consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author1/1received1865-12-3041BombayBritish IndiaIndiaIND1936-01-181387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1907/kipling/facts/
1907-peace-4711907PeaceErnesto Teodoro MonetaQ12086PersonErnesto Teodoro MonetaMalefor his work in the press and in peace meetings, both public and private, for an understanding between France and Italy1/2received1833-09-2074MilanAustrian EmpireItalyITA1918-02-101387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1907/moneta/facts/
1907-peace-4721907PeaceLouis RenaultQ230814PersonLouis RenaultMalefor his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences1/2received1843-05-2164AutunFranceFranceFRA1918-02-08Sorbonne UniversityFrance1387968894198https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1907/renault/facts/
1906-physics-101906PhysicsJ.J. ThomsonQ47285PersonJoseph John ThomsonMalein recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases1/1received1856-12-1849Cheetham HillUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1940-08-30University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom1385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/thomson/facts/
1906-chemistry-1651906ChemistryHenri MoissanQ102804PersonHenri MoissanMalein recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him1/1received1852-09-2854ParisFranceFranceFRA1907-02-20Sorbonne UniversityFrance1385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1906/moissan/facts/
1906-medicine-2981906Physiology or MedicineCamillo GolgiQ150630PersonCamillo GolgiMalein recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system1/2received1843-07-0763CortenoItalyItalyITA1926-01-21Pavia UniversityItaly1385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1906/golgi/facts/
1906-medicine-2991906Physiology or MedicineSantiago Ramón y CajalQ150526PersonSantiago Ramón y CajalMalein recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system1/2received1852-05-0154Petilla de AragónSpainSpainESP1934-10-17Madrid UniversitySpain1385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1906/cajal/facts/
1906-literature-5761906LiteratureGiosuè CarducciQ43440PersonGiosuè CarducciMalenot only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces1/1received1835-07-2771Val di CastelloTuscanyItalyITA1907-02-161385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1906/carducci/facts/
1906-peace-4701906PeaceTheodore RooseveltQ33866PersonTheodore Roosevelt Jr.Malefor his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers, Japan and Russia1/1received1858-10-2748New York, NYUSAUSAUSA1919-01-061385369384824https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1906/roosevelt/facts/
1905-physics-91905PhysicsPhilipp LenardQ57063PersonPhilipp Eduard Anton von LenardMalefor his work on cathode rays1/1received1862-06-0743PressburgHungarySlovakiaSVK1947-05-20Kiel UniversityGermany1380899629677https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1905/lenard/facts/
1905-chemistry-1641905ChemistryAdolf von BaeyerQ57078PersonJohann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von BaeyerMalein recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds1/1received1835-10-3170BerlinPrussiaGermanyDEU1917-08-20Munich UniversityGermany1380899629677https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1905/baeyer/facts/
1905-medicine-2971905Physiology or MedicineRobert KochQ37193PersonRobert KochMalefor his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis1/1received1843-12-1161ClausthalGermanyGermanyDEU1910-05-27Institute for Infectious DiseasesGermany1380899629677https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1905/koch/facts/
1905-literature-5751905LiteratureHenryk SienkiewiczQ41502PersonHenryk SienkiewiczMalebecause of his outstanding merits as an epic writer1/1received1846-05-0559Wola OkrzejskaPolandPolandPOL1916-11-151380899629677https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1905/sienkiewicz/facts/
1905-peace-4681905PeaceBertha von SuttnerQ18456PersonBaroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und TettauFemalefor her audacity to oppose the horrors of war1/1received1843-06-0962PragueAustrian EmpireCzech RepublicCZE1914-06-211380899629677https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1905/suttner/facts/
1904-physics-81904PhysicsLord RayleighQ83297PersonLord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)Malefor his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies1/1received1842-11-1261Langford Grove, Maldon, EssexUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1919-06-30Royal Institution of Great BritainUnited Kingdom1408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1904/strutt/facts/
1904-chemistry-1631904ChemistrySir William RamsayQ950726PersonSir William RamsayMalein recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system1/1received1852-10-0252GlasgowScotlandScotlandGBR1916-07-23University CollegeUnited Kingdom1408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1904/ramsay/facts/
1904-medicine-2961904Physiology or MedicineIvan PavlovQ42985PersonIvan Petrovich PavlovMalein recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged1/1received1849-09-1455RyazanRussiaRussiaRUS1936-02-27Military Medical AcademyRussia1408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1904/pavlov/facts/
1904-literature-5731904LiteratureFrédéric MistralQ42596PersonFrédéric MistralMalein recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist1/2received1830-09-0874MaillaneFranceFranceFRA1914-03-251408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1904/mistral/facts/
1904-literature-5741904LiteratureJosé EchegarayQ127349PersonJosé Echegaray y EizaguirreMalein recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama1/2received1832-04-1972MadridSpainSpainESP1916-09-041408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1904/eizaguirre/facts/
1904-peace-4671904PeaceInstitute of International LawQ115095Organizationfor its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane1/1received1873GhentBelgiumBelgiumBEL1408599822844https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1904/international-law/facts/
1903-physics-41903PhysicsHenri BecquerelQ41269PersonAntoine Henri BecquerelMalein recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity1/2received1852-12-1550ParisFranceFranceFRA1908-08-25École PolytechniqueFrance1413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/becquerel/facts/
1903-physics-51903PhysicsPierre CurieQ37463PersonPierre CurieMalein recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel1/4received1859-05-1544ParisFranceFranceFRA1906-04-19École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry)France1413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/pierre-curie/facts/
1903-physics-61903PhysicsMarie CurieQ7186PersonMarie Curie, née SkłodowskaFemalein recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel1/4received1867-11-0736WarsawRussian EmpirePolandPOL1934-07-041413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/facts/
1903-chemistry-1621903ChemistrySvante ArrheniusQ80956PersonSvante August ArrheniusMalein recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation1/1received1859-02-1944VikSwedenSwedenSWE1927-10-02Stockholm UniversitySweden1413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1903/arrhenius/facts/
1903-medicine-2951903Physiology or MedicineNiels Ryberg FinsenQ182964PersonNiels Ryberg FinsenMalein recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science1/1received1860-12-1542ThorshavnFaroe Islands (Denmark)Faroe Islands (Denmark)FRO1904-09-24Finsen Medical Light InstituteDenmark1413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1903/finsen/facts/
1903-literature-5721903LiteratureBjørnstjerne BjørnsonQ46405PersonBjørnstjerne Martinus BjørnsonMaleas a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit1/1received1832-12-0870KvikneNorwayNorwayNOR1910-04-261413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1903/bjornson/facts/
1903-peace-4661903PeaceRandal CremerQ189841PersonWilliam Randal CremerMalefor his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration1/1received1828-03-1875FarehamUnited KingdomUnited KingdomGBR1908-07-221413589857642https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1903/cremer/facts/
1902-physics-21902PhysicsHendrik A. LorentzQ41688PersonHendrik Antoon LorentzMalein recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena1/2received1853-07-1849Arnhemthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1928-02-04Leiden Universitythe Netherlands14184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/lorentz/facts/
1902-physics-31902PhysicsPieter ZeemanQ79000PersonPieter ZeemanMalein recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena1/2received1865-05-2537Zonnemairethe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1943-10-09Amsterdam Universitythe Netherlands14184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/zeeman/facts/
1902-chemistry-1611902ChemistryEmil FischerQ70554PersonHermann Emil FischerMalein recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses1/1received1852-10-0950EuskirchenPrussiaGermanyDEU1919-07-15Berlin UniversityGermany14184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1902/fischer/facts/
1902-medicine-2941902Physiology or MedicineRonald RossQ102034PersonRonald RossMalefor his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it1/1received1857-05-1345AlmoraIndiaIndiaIND1932-09-16University CollegeUnited Kingdom14184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1902/ross/facts/
1902-literature-5711902LiteratureTheodor MommsenQ25351PersonChristian Matthias Theodor MommsenMalethe greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I>1/1received1817-11-3084GardingSchleswigGermanyDEU1903-11-0114184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1902/mommsen/facts/
1902-peace-4641902PeaceÉlie DucommunQ122368PersonÉlie DucommunMalefor his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau1/2received1833-02-1969GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1906-12-0714184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1902/ducommun/facts/
1902-peace-4651902PeaceAlbert GobatQ179458PersonCharles Albert GobatMalefor his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union1/2received1843-05-2159TramelanSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1914-03-1614184710191492https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1902/gobat/facts/
1901-physics-11901PhysicsWilhelm Conrad RöntgenQ35149PersonWilhelm Conrad RöntgenMalein recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him1/1received1845-03-2756LennepPrussiaGermanyDEU1923-02-10Munich UniversityGermany15078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/rontgen/facts/
1901-chemistry-1601901ChemistryJacobus H. van 't HoffQ102822PersonJacobus Henricus van 't HoffMalein recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions1/1received1852-08-3049Rotterdamthe Netherlandsthe NetherlandsNLD1911-03-01Berlin UniversityGermany15078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1901/hoff/facts/
1901-medicine-2931901Physiology or MedicineEmil von BehringQ76425PersonEmil Adolf von BehringMalefor his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths1/1received1854-03-1547HansdorfPrussiaPolandPOL1917-03-31Marburg UniversityGermany15078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1901/behring/facts/
1901-literature-5691901LiteratureSully PrudhommeQ42247PersonSully PrudhommeMalein special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect1/1received1839-03-1662ParisFranceFranceFRA1907-09-0715078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1901/prudhomme/facts/
1901-peace-4621901PeaceHenry DunantQ12091PersonJean Henry DunantMalefor his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding1/2received1828-05-0873GenevaSwitzerlandSwitzerlandCHE1910-10-3015078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1901/dunant/facts/
1901-peace-4631901PeaceFrédéric PassyQ180409PersonFrédéric PassyMalefor his lifelong work for international peace conferences, diplomacy and arbitration1/2received1822-05-2079ParisFranceFranceFRA1912-06-1215078210833458https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1901/passy/facts/