Largest empires in history

Source: https://aidb.si/d/largest-empires — From Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0: "List of largest empires" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires), by Wikipedia contributors. Wikidata identifiers are CC0.

Empire	Empire (Wikidata)	Area (low) (km²)	Peak area (km²)	Peak area (sq mi) (sq mi)	% of world land (%)	Peak year	Peak year (as written)
British Empire	Q8680	35500000	35500000	13710000	26.35	1920	1920
Mongol Empire	Q12557	24000000	24000000	9270000	17.81	1270	1270 or 1309
Russian Empire	Q34266	22800000	22800000	8800000	16.92	1895	1895
Qing dynasty	Q8733	14700000	14700000	5680000	10.91	1790	1790
Spanish Empire	Q80702	13700000	13700000	5290000	10.17	1810	1810
Second French colonial empire	Q179023	11500000	11500000	4440000	8.53	1920	1920
Abbasid Caliphate	Q12536	11100000	11100000	4290000	8.24	750	750
Umayyad Caliphate	Q8575586	11100000	11100000	4290000	8.24	720	720
Yuan dynasty	Q7313	11000000	11000000	4250000	8.16	1310	1310
United States	Q30	9500000	9500000	3670000	7.05	1900	1900
Xiongnu Empire	Q188836	9000000	9000000	3470000	6.68	-176	176 BC
Empire of Japan	Q188712	7400000	8510000	3285000	6.32	1942	1942
Empire of Brazil	Q217230	8337000	8337000	3220000	6.19	1889	1889
Eastern Han dynasty	Q7209	6500000	6500000	2510000	4.82	100	100
Ming dynasty	Q9903	6500000	6500000	2510000	4.82	1450	1450
Rashidun Caliphate	Q12490507	6400000	6400000	2470000	4.75	655	655
First Turkic Khaganate	Q15146034	6000000	6000000	2320000	4.45	557	557
Jochi Khanate	Q79965	6000000	6000000	2320000	4.45	1310	1310
Western Han dynasty	Q7209	6000000	6000000	2320000	4.45	-50	50 BC
Achaemenid Empire	Q389688	5500000	5500000	2120000	4.08	-500	500 BC
Second Portuguese Empire	Q200464	5500000	5500000	2120000	4.08	1820	1820
Tang dynasty	Q9683	5400000	5400000	2080000	4.01	715	715
Macedonian Empire	Q83958	5200000	5200000	2010000	3.86	-323	323 BC
Ottoman Empire	Q12560	5200000	5200000	2010000	3.86	1683	1683
Northern Yuan dynasty	Q8959	5000000	5000000	1930000	3.71	1368	1368
Roman Empire	Q2277	5000000	5000000	1930000	3.71	117	117
Maurya Empire	Q62943	3400000	5000000	1930000	3.71	-261	261 BC or 250 BC
Xin dynasty	Q504769	4700000	4700000	1810000	3.49	10	10
Tibetan Empire	Q2431480	4600000	4600000	1780000	3.41	800	800
Xianbei state	Q861054	4500000	4500000	1740000	3.34	200	200
First Mexican Empire	Q285658	4429000	4429000	1710000	3.29	1821	1821
Timurid Empire	Q484195	4400000	4400000	1700000	3.27	1405	1405
Fatimid Caliphate	Q160307	4100000	4100000	1580000	3.04	969	969
Eastern Turkic Khaganate	Q2607292	4000000	4000000	1540000	2.97	624	624
Hunnic Empire	Q45813	4000000	4000000	1540000	2.97	441	441
Mughal Empire	Q33296	4000000	4000000	1540000	2.97	1690	1690
Hephthalite Empire	Q26576	1700000	4000000	1540000	2.97	500	500 or 470
Great Seljuk Empire	Q3708094	3900000	3900000	1510000	2.89	1080	1080
Seleucid Empire	Q93180	3900000	3900000	1510000	2.89	-301	301 BC
Italian Empire	Q926295	3798000	3798000	1470000	2.82	1938	1938
Ilkhanate	Q178084	3750000	3750000	1450000	2.78	1310	1310
Dzungar Khanate	Q1923401	3600000	3600000	1390000	2.67	1650	1650
Khwarazmian Empire	Q63134381	2300000	3600000	1390000	2.67	1210	1210 or 1218
Chagatai Khanate	Q487829	3500000	3500000	1350000	2.6	1310	1310 or 1350
Sasanian Empire	Q83891	3500000	3500000	1350000	2.6	550	550
Western Turkic Khaganate	Q874357	3500000	3500000	1350000	2.6	630	630
Western Xiongnu	Q188836	3500000	3500000	1350000	2.6	20	20
Gupta Empire	Q11774	1700000	3500000	1350000	2.6	440	440 or 400
First French colonial empire	Q179023	3400000	3400000	1310000	2.52	1670	1670
Ghaznavid Empire	Q249578	3400000	3400000	1310000	2.52	1029	1029
Delhi Sultanate	Q229411	3200000	3200000	1240000	2.37	1312	1312
German colonial empire	Q329618	3147000	3147000	1215000	2.34	1911	1911
Northern Song dynasty	Q7462	3100000	3100000	1200000	2.3	980	980
Uyghur Khaganate	Q831218	3100000	3100000	1200000	2.3	800	800
Western Jin dynasty	Q7352	3100000	3100000	1200000	2.3	280	280
Danish Empire	Q302132	3000000	3000000	1160000	2.23	1700	1700
Sui dynasty	Q7405	3000000	3000000	1160000	2.23	589	589
Khazar Khanate	Q173282	1000000	3000000	1160000	2.23	900	900 or 850
Safavid Empire	Q18234383	2900000	2900000	1120000	2.15	1630	1630
Samanid Empire	Q12150341	2850000	2850000	1100000	2.12	928	928
Eastern Jin dynasty	Q7352	2800000	2800000	1080000	2.08	347	347
Median Empire	Q20437507	2800000	2800000	1080000	2.08	-585	585 BC
Parthian Empire	Q1986139	2800000	2800000	1080000	2.08	1	1
Rouran Khaganate	Q155361	2800000	2800000	1080000	2.08	405	405
Byzantine Empire	Q12544	2700000	2800000	1080000	2.08	555	555 or 450
Indo-Scythian Kingdom	Q240123	2600000	2600000	1000000	1.93	20	20
Liao dynasty	Q4958	2600000	2600000	1000000	1.93	947	947
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	Q488880	2500000	2500000	970000	1.86	-184	184 BC
Later Zhao	Q2314907	2500000	2500000	970000	1.86	329	329
Maratha Empire	Q83618	2500000	2500000	970000	1.86	1760	1760
Kushan Empire	Q25979	2000000	2500000	970000	1.86	200	200
Belgian colonial empire	Q815524	2470000	2470000	950000	1.83	1939	1939
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)	Q5066	2300000	2300000	890000	1.71	1126	1126
Qin dynasty	Q7183	2300000	2300000	890000	1.71	-220	220 BC
Almohad Caliphate	Q199688	2000000	2300000	890000	1.71	1200	1200 or 1150
Dutch Empire	Q130654	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1938	1938
First French Empire	Q71084	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1813	1813
Kievan Rus'	Q1108445	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1000	1000
Mamluk Sultanate	Q282428	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1300	1300 or 1400
Southern Song dynasty	Q7462	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1127	1127
Third Portuguese Empire	Q200464	2100000	2100000	810000	1.56	1900	1900
Cao Wei	Q320930	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	263	263
Former Qin	Q1471995	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	376	376
Former Zhao	Q1574107	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	316	316
Ghurid dynasty	Q199443	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	1200	1200
Inca Empire	Q28573	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	1527	1527
Liu Song dynasty	Q49697	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	450	450
Northern Wei	Q875305	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	450	450
Western Roman Empire	Q42834	2000000	2000000	770000	1.48	395	395
Ayyubid dynasty	Q180114	1700000	2000000	770000	1.48	1200	1200 or 1190
Buyid dynasty	Q273874	1600000	1600000	620000	1.19	980	980
Eastern Wu	Q274488	1500000	1500000	580000	1.11	221	221
Northern Qi	Q1143524	1500000	1500000	580000	1.11	557	557
Northern Xiongnu	Q188836	1500000	1500000	580000	1.11	60	60
Northern Zhou	Q551067	1500000	1500000	580000	1.11	577	577
Qara Khitai	Q862304	1000000	1500000	580000	1.11	1130	1130 or 1210
Neo-Assyrian Empire	Q10914393	1400000	1400000	540000	1.04	-670	670 BC
Eastern Maurya Kingdom	Q62943	1300000	1300000	500000	0.96	-210	210 BC
Liang dynasty	Q1069868	1300000	1300000	500000	0.96	502	502, 549, or 579
Qajar Empire	Q63158027	1290000	1290000	500000	0.96	1873	1873
Kingdom of Aksum	Q139377	1250000	1250000	480000	0.93	350	350
Shang dynasty	Q128938	1250000	1250000	480000	0.93	-1122	1122 BC
Francia	Q146246	1200000	1200000	460000	0.89	814	814
Srivijaya	Q234197	1200000	1200000	460000	0.89	1200	1200
Indo-Greek Kingdom	Q215643	1100000	1100000	420000	0.82	-150	150 BC
Mali Empire	Q184536	1100000	1100000	420000	0.82	1380	1380
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Q172107	1100000	1100000	420000	0.82	1480	1480 or 1650
Almoravid dynasty	Q75613	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	1120	1120
Pushyabhuti dynasty	Q28109312	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	625	625 or 648
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty	Q5324	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	860	860
Holy Roman Empire	Q12548	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	1050	1050
Khmer Empire	Q201705	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	1290	1290
New Kingdom of Egypt	Q180568	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	-1450	1450 BC or 1300 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom	Q2320005	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	-301	301 BC
Scythia	Q845909	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	-400	400 BC
Shu Han	Q320925	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	221	221
Tahirid dynasty	Q373981	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	800	800
Western Xia	Q7427	1000000	1000000	390000	0.74	1100	1100
Swedish Empire	Q215443	990000	990000	380000	0.73	1700	1700
Kingdom of Armenia	Q208404	900000	900000	350000	0.67	-70	70 BC
Akkadian Empire	Q4461035	800000	800000	310000	0.59	-2250	2250 BC
Avar Khaganate	Q68962	800000	800000	310000	0.59	600	600
Chu	Q504759	800000	800000	310000	0.59	-300	300 BC
Huns		800000	800000	310000	0.59	287	287
Songhai Empire	Q202687	800000	800000	310000	0.59	1550	1550
Hyksos	Q192319	650000	650000	250000	0.48	-1650	1650 BC
Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt	Q662410	650000	650000	250000	0.48	-550	550 BC
Rozvi Empire	Q986822	624000	624000	240000	0.46	1700	1700
Austro-Hungarian Empire	Q28513	620000	620000	240000	0.46	1905	1905
Caliphate of Córdoba	Q1337854	600000	600000	230000	0.45	1000	1000
First Portuguese Empire	Q200464	600000	600000	230000	0.45	1580	1580
Visigothic Kingdom	Q126936	600000	600000	230000	0.45	580	580
Zhou dynasty	Q35216	550000	550000	210000	0.41	-1100	1100 BC
Sikh Empire	Q83572	520000	520000	200000	0.39	1839	1839
Emirate of Córdoba	Q1337854	500000	500000	190000	0.37	756	756
Kosala	Q756854	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-543	543 BC
Lydia	Q620765	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-585	585 BC
Magadha	Q234009	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-510	510 BC
Middle Kingdom of Egypt	Q191324	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-1850	1850 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire	Q624887	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-562	562 BC
Satavahana dynasty	Q5257	500000	500000	190000	0.37	150	150
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt	Q737648	500000	500000	190000	0.37	-715	715 BC
Western Satraps	Q2086608	500000	500000	190000	0.37	100	100
New Hittite Kingdom	Q5406	450000	450000	170000	0.33	-1250	1250 BC – 1220 BC
Xia dynasty	Q169705	450000	450000	170000	0.33	-1800	1800 BC
Bulgarian Empire	Q203817	400000	400000	150000	0.3	850	850
Kingdom of France (Middle Ages)	Q237131	400000	400000	150000	0.3	1250	1250
Middle Assyrian Empire	Q12642600	400000	400000	150000	0.3	-1080	1080 BC
Old Kingdom of Egypt	Q177819	400000	400000	150000	0.3	-2400	2400 BC
Sokoto Caliphate	Q600524	400000	400000	150000	0.3	1804	1804
Latin Empire	Q178897	350000	350000	140000	0.26	1204	1204
Ancient Carthage	Q2429397	300000	300000	120000	0.22	-220	220 BC
Indus Valley Civilisation	Q42534	300000	300000	120000	0.22	-1800	1800 BC
Mitanni	Q178665	300000	300000	120000	0.22	-1450	1450 BC – 1375 BC
Ashanti Empire	Q722071	250000	250000	100000	0.19	1820	1820
First Babylonian Empire	Q733897	250000	250000	100000	0.19	-1690	1690 BC
Aztec Empire	Q2608489	220000	220000	80000	0.16	1520	1520
Zulu Empire	Q729768	210000	210000	80000	0.16	1822	1822
Elamite Empire	Q128904	200000	200000	80000	0.15	-1160	1160 BC
Phrygia	Q32579	200000	200000	80000	0.15	-750	750 BC
Second Dynasty of Isin	Q221002	200000	200000	80000	0.15	-1130	1130 BC
Urartu	Q185068	200000	200000	80000	0.15	-800	800 BC
Eastern Zhou	Q307066	150000	150000	60000	0.11	-770	770 BC
Middle Hittite Kingdom	Q5406	150000	150000	60000	0.11	-1450	1450 BC
Old Assyrian Empire	Q15782728	150000	150000	60000	0.11	-1730	1730 BC
Old Hittite Empire	Q5406	150000	150000	60000	0.11	-1530	1530 BC
Oyo Empire	Q849623	150000	150000	60000	0.11	1680	1680
Bornu Empire	Q1139762	130000	130000	50000	0.1	1892	1892
Larsa	Q244746	100000	100000	40000	0.07	-1750	1750 BC – 1700 BC
Neo-Sumerian Empire	Q723587	100000	100000	40000	0.07	-2000	2000 BC
Tarascan empire	Q2605410	75000	75000	30000	0.06	1450	1450
Lagash	Q207330	50000	50000	20000	0.04	-2400	2400 BC
Sumer	Q35355	50000	50000	20000	0.04	-2400	2400 BC